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A−B. Transverse section of the stem: Co, cortex; E, epidermis; Pi, pith region; Ph, phloem; Sc, sclerenchyma; T, trachea; X, xylem;
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Context 1
... Deniz ULUKUŞ Figure 5. SEM photographs of achen C. boissieri A−B: general view and sculpturing ...
Context 2
... The cortex is composed of 10-12 layers of oval, cylindrical, or rectangular parenchymatous cells. The phloem is encircled by sclerenchymatic cells. Sclrenchymatous fibres above outer and inner phloem 60-90 μm and 20-55 μm in thickness respectively. Vascular bundles is numerous and elliptic. The pith region comprises orbicular parenchymatous cells (Fig. 5A-B). ...
Context 3
... Deniz ULUKUŞ Figure 5. SEM photographs of achen C. boissieri A−B: general view and sculpturing ...
Context 4
... The cortex is composed of 10-12 layers of oval, cylindrical, or rectangular parenchymatous cells. The phloem is encircled by sclerenchymatic cells. Sclrenchymatous fibres above outer and inner phloem 60-90 μm and 20-55 μm in thickness respectively. Vascular bundles is numerous and elliptic. The pith region comprises orbicular parenchymatous cells (Fig. 5A-B). ...
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Citations
... In the micromorphological examinations of achene belonging to the Cousinia genus, C. iconica Hub.-Mor. is reticulate-sitriate [15], C. agridaghensis and C. urumiensis are reticulate-faveolate [11], C. boissieri Buhse is reticulate [26], and C. decolorans is retipilate [25] (surface ornaments were encountered). According to our study, we observed that C. aintabensis seeds were retipilated, while C. birecikensis seeds were reticulate-faveolate. ...
Comparative anatomy and achene micromorphology assessment of two Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) species in view of taxonomy Deniz ULUKUŞ 1, Osman TUGAY 2 ORCID: 0000-0002-9627-5492; 0000-0003-3980-7648 1 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey Abstract Cousinia is a member of the monophyletic tribe Cardueae, which is traditionally subdivided into four taxonomic groups; however, the rank and boundaries of these taxa are highly controversial. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the genus taxonomy by determining the comparative anatomical and achene micromorphological features of C. aintabensis Boiss. & Hausskn. and C. birecikensis Hub.-Mor. that are morphologically similar to each other. In anatomical studies, stem, leaf, and midrib features were determined. Paraffin embedding, microtome sectioning, and safranin-fast green staining were used for the samples. The obtained sections were photographed, and the leaf, stem, and midrib characters were measured. The importance of anatomical characters between species was determined by applying Independent sample T-test test to quantitative characters. In addition, box plot and heatmap analyses of the studied species were carried out. Our results showed that the stem epidermis, inner sclerenchyma and phloem layer; For leaves; lower and upper epidermis mesophyll thickness, palisade parenchyma; In midrib; number of vascular bundles, collenchyma, and phloem are important characters that can be used in the differentiation of species. SEM microscope was used for achene micromorphological examinations. C. aintabensis achene surface ornamentation is identified as striate-retipylate. It was observed that C. birecikensis had striate and irregular reticulate-faveolate surface ornamentation. Keywords: Asteraceae, Anatomy, Cousinia, micromorphology, Türkiye
... Taxonomists studied pollen morphology as a tool in the identification and classification of Asteraceae and for its taxonomic value (Anar et al., 2022;Ayaz et al., 2020;Gonçalves-Esteves et al., 2022;Khan et al., 2021;Ulukuş, 2019;Ulukuş & Tugay, 2020). Pollen morphology is not only playing an effective role in systematic value but, they are also helpful for taxonomic delimitation, which is associated with Asteraceous taxa (Kailas et al., 2016). ...
Due to the diverse and rich taxa, Asteraceae needs to explore from the untouched area. In this study, the pollen study was intended to assess the taxonomic value for Asteraceous taxa growing on the Sikaram Mountain Pak‐Afghan border. Both microscopic techniques (LM and SEM) play a significant role in the identification and classification of herbaceous species of Asteraceae for their taxonomic and systematic implication. Pollen was observed and measured for the 15 species of Asteraceae. For investigated taxa 15 pollen characters with size, shape, polar view, pollen type, aperture orientation, and exine sculpturing in the eurypalynous pollen. Consequently, the pollen grains are usually Tricolporate, triangular to circular in polar view, while, the shape of pollen varies from subulate, oblate, and prolate along with prolate to spheroidal whereas, sculpturing also varies from Scabrate to micro reticulate, echino‐perforate, Scabrate to echinate, echinate to granulate and echinate were observed. Similarly, among the quantitative data minimum values of polar and equatorial were 15.8 ± 0.74 μm in Filago pyramidata and 17.85 ± 0.39 μm in Heteropappus altaicus was measured respectively, while; the length of the spine with the least value of 2.45 ± 0.31 μm in Hertia intermedia and highest with 7.55 ± 0.31 μm was observed in Cirsium wallichii . The Exine thickness is a minimum of 1.70 ± 0.35 μm in Launaea nudicaulis and a maximum of 5.65 ± 3.59 μm in Cirssium vulgare . In addition, the highest pollen fertility (87%) in Centaurea iberica while the highest pollen sterility (32%) was recorded in Cirsium verutum . Furthermore, clustering via UPGMA, PCA, and PCoA analysis was performed for the separation of closely related taxa. It is concluded from this research work that palynological study has a crucial role in taxonomic, pure, and applied sciences. This study can be further authenticated and improved by a Phylogenetic study based on chloroplast DNA analysis & whole genome sequencing.
Research Highlights
Pollen ultrastructure among 15 Asteraceous taxa.
Micromorphological attributes measured via LM and SEM.
Exine sculpture elements patterns provide accurate identification.
Taxonomic keys were developed for its systematics implications.
... Such as taxonomically, (Boissier, 1875;Tscherneva & Vvedensky, 1962;Rechinger, 1964;Schtepa, 1966;1976;Tutin et al., 1976;Feinbrun-Dothan, 1977;Rechinger, 1979;Kuprianova & Tscherneva, 1982;Rechinger, 1986;Tscherneva, 1988;Tamanian, 1999;Djavadi & Attar, 2005;Sennikov, 2010;2011). Palynologically (Kuprianova & Tscherneva, 1982;Djavadi et al., 2007;Assadi, 2009;Saber et al., 2009;Ahmad et al., 2011;Ulukuş & Tugay, 2019;Ulukuş, 2019), point of view evolutionary and phylogenetic (Susanna et al., 2003;Mehregan & Kadereit, 2008;Lopez-Vinyallonga et al., 2009;Lopez-Vinyallonga et al., 2011), cytogenetically (Djavadi & Ghaffari, 1999;Susanna et al., 2003;Ghaffari et al., 2006;Sheidai et al., 2006;Lopez-Vinyallonga et al., 2010;Sheidai et al., 2012), anatomically (Attar et al., 2004;Ulukuş & Tugay, 2019;Ulukuş, 2019). ...
... Such as taxonomically, (Boissier, 1875;Tscherneva & Vvedensky, 1962;Rechinger, 1964;Schtepa, 1966;1976;Tutin et al., 1976;Feinbrun-Dothan, 1977;Rechinger, 1979;Kuprianova & Tscherneva, 1982;Rechinger, 1986;Tscherneva, 1988;Tamanian, 1999;Djavadi & Attar, 2005;Sennikov, 2010;2011). Palynologically (Kuprianova & Tscherneva, 1982;Djavadi et al., 2007;Assadi, 2009;Saber et al., 2009;Ahmad et al., 2011;Ulukuş & Tugay, 2019;Ulukuş, 2019), point of view evolutionary and phylogenetic (Susanna et al., 2003;Mehregan & Kadereit, 2008;Lopez-Vinyallonga et al., 2009;Lopez-Vinyallonga et al., 2011), cytogenetically (Djavadi & Ghaffari, 1999;Susanna et al., 2003;Ghaffari et al., 2006;Sheidai et al., 2006;Lopez-Vinyallonga et al., 2010;Sheidai et al., 2012), anatomically (Attar et al., 2004;Ulukuş & Tugay, 2019;Ulukuş, 2019). ...
Cousinia (Asteraceae, Cardueae) cinsi çiçekli bitkiler içerisinde tür sayısı bakımından 50. büyük cins ve Asteraceae familyası içerisinde yaklaşık 700 türle temsil edilen en büyük cinslerden biridir. Bu çalışma, Cousinia seksiyonu içerisinde yer alan Cousinia decolorans türünün anatomik, palinolojik mikromorfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenerek cinsin sistematiğine katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. C. decolorans türünün polen mikromorfolojik özellikleri çalışılmış ve türe ait fotoğraflar verilmiştir. Bu türün anatomik çalışmasında gövde, yaprak ve orta damar özellikleri tespit edilerek fotoğrafları verilmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalar için bitki kısımları parafine gömülmüş ve dokuların boyanma işlemi için safranin fast green boyama metodu uygulanmıştır. Anatomik karakterlerden orta damar şeklinin yarıorbikular ve orta damardaki iletim demeti sayısının 3 olmasıyla bu karakterlerin türler arasında ayrımda kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Palinolojik çalışmalarda ışık mikroskobu kullanılarak polen şeklinin prolat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Polen ekzin yüzey süslerinin belirlenmesi için SEM mikroskobu kullanılıp, polenlerin fotoğrafları çekilmiş ve polen yüzeylerinin verrukat olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca akenlerin morfolojik ve mikromorfolojik özellikleri incelenmiş ve yüzey ornamentasyonunun retipilat olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Cousinia Cass. cinsi Asteraceae familyasının en büyük cinslerinden biri olup yaklaşık 700 türle temsil edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Stenocephalae Bunge seksiyonu içerisinde yer alan Cousinia foliosa türünün anatomik ve palinolojik özelliklerinin belirlenerek cinsin sistematiğine katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. C. foliosa türünün polen mikromorfolojik özellikleri çalışılmış ve türe ait fotoğraflar verilmiştir. Bu türün anatomik çalışmasında gövde, yaprak ve orta damar özellikleri tespit edilerek fotoğrafları verilmiştir. Anatomik çalışmalar için bitki kısımları parafine gömülmüş ve dokuların boyanma işlemi için safranin fast green boyama metodu uygulanmıştır. Anatomik karakterlerden orta damar şeklinin dairemsi ve orta damardaki iletim demeti sayısının 8 olmasıyla bu karakterlerin türlerin ayrımında önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Palinolojik çalışmalar için ışık mikroskobu kullanılmış ve polen şekli subprolat olarak tespit edilmiştir. SEM mikroskobu kullanılarak polen ekzin yüzey süslerinin fotoğrafları çekilmiş ve polenlerin verrukoz olduğu belirlenmiştir.
