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A-B, Phyllidiella meandrina (ZMBN105095) dorsal and ventral view. C-D, Phyllidiella pustulosa (ZMBN117079) dorsal and ventral view. E-F, Phyllidiella rosans (ZMBN117065). G-H, Phyllidiella striata (ZMBN117076) dorsal and ventral view. I-J, Phyllidiella zeylanica (ZMBN117027) dorsal and ventral view. K-L, Phyllidiopsis cardinalis (ZMBN117066) dorsal and ventral view.
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This paper provides the first comprehensive annotated and illustrated inventory of Nudipleura from Mozambique. A total of 267 species are recorded, including 61 putative new species, documented over a period of seven years from several localities along the coast. At least 20 species need further investigation through molecular and taxomic analysis....
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The diversity of Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique) has been evaluated; this paper presents the first taxonomic effort devoted to sponges in the area, while studies of closeby areas are quite dated. Overall, 55 specimens were examined, leading to 26 described species; among these, four are new (Hyattella sulfurea Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov.,...
Citations
... Phestilla lugubris (Bergh, 1870) Phestilla melanobrachia (Bergh, 1874) To be continued Cadlinellidae (Odhner, 1934) Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891 Chromodorididae (Bergh, 1891) Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928) Aldisa fragaria (Tibiriçá, Pola & Cervera, 2017) Ardeadoris angustolutea (Rudman, 1990) Ceratosoma sp. 2 ...
... meandrina Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) Phyllidiella rosans (Bergh, 1873) Phyllidiella striata (Bergh, 1889) Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1858) Phyllidiopsis cardinalis (Bergh, 1876) Phyllidiopsis gemmata (Pruvot-Fol, 1957) Phyllidiopsis loricata (Bergh, 1873) Phyllidiopsis xishaensis (Lin, 1983) Martadoris limaciformis (Eliot, 1908) Nembrotha cristata (Bergh, 1877) Yonow (2012) (Gosliner et al., 2018). Indonesia (Kaligis et al., 2018), Papua New Guinea (Thollesson, 2000), New Caledonia (Valdés, 2003), Australia (Nimbs and Smith, 2016) Yonow and Hayward (1991), Yonow (2012), Tibiriçá et al. (2017), South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) website, this study Yonow and Hayward (1991), Yonow (2012) Bergh (1888), Tibiriçá et al. (2017), South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) website, this study (GenBank ID: MW815568) ...
... meandrina Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) Phyllidiella rosans (Bergh, 1873) Phyllidiella striata (Bergh, 1889) Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1858) Phyllidiopsis cardinalis (Bergh, 1876) Phyllidiopsis gemmata (Pruvot-Fol, 1957) Phyllidiopsis loricata (Bergh, 1873) Phyllidiopsis xishaensis (Lin, 1983) Martadoris limaciformis (Eliot, 1908) Nembrotha cristata (Bergh, 1877) Yonow (2012) (Gosliner et al., 2018). Indonesia (Kaligis et al., 2018), Papua New Guinea (Thollesson, 2000), New Caledonia (Valdés, 2003), Australia (Nimbs and Smith, 2016) Yonow and Hayward (1991), Yonow (2012), Tibiriçá et al. (2017), South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) website, this study Yonow and Hayward (1991), Yonow (2012) Bergh (1888), Tibiriçá et al. (2017), South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) website, this study (GenBank ID: MW815568) ...
Island ecosystems support diverse aquatic invertebrate communities comprising endemic taxa. Documentation of existing species is important for conservation. In this study, a checklist of marine opisthobranch from the Republic of Mauritius is presented. A combination of benthic surveys (50 m×5 m in triplicates), rover diving techniques and photo documentation were used over two years (2018–2020) within 35 sheltered and unsheltered lagoons. Morphological and molecular analysis were used for identification. Species composition within sheltered and unsheltered areas in Mauritius was estimated using the Bray-Curtis similarity. The checklist featured 117 species belonging to 61 genera and 28 families, of which 13 are new records. The findings increased the knowledge of opisthobranch diversity from the Mauritius by 15.4%. Among the listed species, the distribution range of Cyerce nigra, Actinocyclus papillatus, and Phyllidia picta extended from the Western Pacific to the South Western Indian Ocean. Molecular analysis of the undescribed Gymnodoris sp. showed it resembled Gymnodoris sp. from Hawaii and were different by a genetic distance value of 10.6%. The species richness and evenness were higher within the sheltered regions of Mauritius which harboured the food resource of opisthobranch. These areas as compared to unsheltered regions were heavily populated, suggesting the probable influence of wave actions on opisthobranch diversity and abundance. The order Nudibranchia was reported as most speciose, with 86 species. The Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia were observed only on macroalgae and sponges respectively. High abundance was also recorded on shipwrecks which are the most common form of artificial reefs. With the inclusion of observations from previous studies, 201 species belonging to 94 genera and 36 families are now known from the Mauritius.
... Specimens of the genus Nembrotha were collected in Zavora Bay, Mozambique (Fig. 1A) from 2010 to 2015 by scuba diving (0-20 m deep) as part of a nudibranch diversity assessment by Tibiriçá et al. (2017). In 2015, we were able to set up a laboratory for aquarium observations. ...
In recent decades, thanks to the use of integrated taxonomy, the traditional recognition of a nudibranch species based on observation and colour pattern variation has become increasingly questioned, mainly due to the presence of cryptic and pseudocryptic species complexes. Individuals with the same colour pattern can be genetically identical, but individuals with different colour patterns may also be genetically identical and this variation may instead represent different life stages. But things can get even more complicated. What happens when the same species changes its colour pattern radically as it ages? Here we present two extraordinary examples in species of the genus Nembrotha based on laboratory observation. Specimens of Nembrotha livingstonei Allan, 1933 and Nembrotha yonowae Goethel and Debelius, 1992 were collected in Mozambique and kept in captivity as long as feeding was possible. The results showed that colour patterns in both species changed over time and that this change was linked to diet. Furthermore, species delimitation analysis and comparison of the uncorrected COI pairwise distances of examined specimens from Mozambique and others downloaded from GenBank confirmed that N. yonowae Goether and Debelius, 1992 is a junior synonym of N. cristata Bergh, 1877. Similar studies with laboratory observations are needed on other species of the genus, as they were described on the basis of different colouration, but integrated taxonomy may show different results.
... This has led to several controversies about the taxonomic validity of some species included in this study. For example, a literature search revealed that Marioniopsis arborescens has been used in the last two decades for some marioniids identified solely on the basis of external morphology (Gosliner et al. 2008, Hullet et al. 2015, Tibiriçá et al. 2017. However, Marioniopsis arborescens was synonymized with Marioniopsis cyanobranchiata based on internal and external morphology long ago (Odhner 1936), and since then no internal anatomical evidence has been presented to support the resurrection of the species. ...
... However, Marioniopsis arborescens was synonymized with Marioniopsis cyanobranchiata based on internal and external morphology long ago (Odhner 1936), and since then no internal anatomical evidence has been presented to support the resurrection of the species. Similarly, the name Marionia distincta Bergh 1905 has been used to identify marioniids on the basis of external morphology (Gosliner et al. 2008Hulett et al. 2015, Tibiriçá et al. 2017, despite the established synonymy with Marioniopsis levis (Odhner 1936). These inconsistencies cause great confusion in the identification of these species. ...
The phylogeny of the family Tritoniidae has recently been studied with significant advances, but the relationships between genera are still controversial. In our study, we investigated the phylogeny of Tritoniidae using the most diverse taxon sampling possible. We applied an integrative approach based on new sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S), a nuclear gene (H3) and morpho-anatomical characters. The monophyly of the family Tritoniidae was not recovered in our phylogenetic analyses. In view of our results, we propose a new rearrangement at the subfamily and genus levels. The plate-bearing genera are raised to the subfamily level as the monophyletic Marioniinae subfam. nov., formed by Marionia and the reinstated Marioniopsis. The remaining plate-less genera are raised to the subfamily level as the monophyletic Tritoniinae subfam. nov.. The genus Myrella is reinstated to assign the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic tritoniids. The taxonomic status of the monotypic Tritonidoxa is confirmed. Species delimitation analyses reveal a new large Marionia species from the Gulf of Cádiz (south-west Spain, Atlantic Ocean) and evidence for the pseudocryptic speciation of numerous Atlantic–Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific tritoniids. Finally, taxonomic notes are provided for several species according to the proposed rearrangement.
... 23.9 versus Doris sanguínea Rüppell and Leuckart (1828) "nomen protectum" by Valdés (2002). Hexabranchus punctatus Bergh (1905: v.50, p. 92, pl. 12, Fig. 27 (Edmunds, ), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017), Madagascar (present study), South Africa (Gosliner, 1987), India (Apte & Salahuddin, 2010), Thailand (Chavanich et al., 2010), Japan (Atsushi, 1999;Baba, 1936;Nakano, 2004), Philippines (Colin & Arneson, 1995), Indonesia (Debelius, 1996;Gosliner et al., 2008), Vietnam ( Debelius & Kuiter, 2007), Papua New Guinea (Coleman, 2008), Australia (Nimbs & Smith, 2016;Thompson, 1972) including Lord Howe Island (Coleman, 1989(Coleman, , 2001(Coleman, , 2008, New Caledonia (Hervé, 2010) Mantle extension becomes gradually wider toward the back but is short and differentiated on the head. The rhinophore sheath is short with a smooth edge. ...
... Material examined CASIZ194618, length 75 mm (preserved), Madagascar, Sud Baie de Lokaro (24° 57′ S, 47° 6.5′ E), 10 m depth, 12 May 2010. MB28-005033, length (Debelius, 1996;Rüppel & Leuckart, 1828;Yonow, 2008), Sudan (Debelius, 1996), Sri Lanka (Debelius, 1996), southern Mozambique (Stromvoll & Jones, 2019;Tibiriçá et al., 2017), South Africa (Gosliner et al., 2008;King & Fraser, 2014), Seychelles (Debelius, 1996), Japan (Atsushi, 2004;Nakano, 2004), and Australia (Marshall & Willan, 1999) including Lord Howe Island (Coleman, 2001(Coleman, , 2008, New Caledonia (Hervé, 2010), and French Polynesia . On-line sources: Israel, Tanzania (iNaturalist), Indonesia (Sea Slug Forum) including West Papua (iNaturalist), Madagascar, Reunion (South-west Indian Ocean Seaslug site), north-western Australia (Sea Slug Forum, iNaturalist), east Australia (Nudibranchs Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia), Saipan (Nudipixel archive). ...
... Distribution Western Pacific and Western Indian Ocean. Red Sea (Yonow, 2008), Djibouti, Yemen (Debelius, 1996), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017), Seychelles, Madagascar (Debelius & Kuiter, 2007), Tanzania (Debelius, 1996), South Africa (pers. obs.), Hong Kong (Yonow, 2008), New Caledonia (Hervé, 2010), Indonesia (Tonozuka, 2003;Valdés, 2002), Papua New Guinea (Colin & Arneson, 1995;Debelius, 1996), Japan (Nakano, 2018) including Okinawa (Coleman, 2008). ...
Color ontogeny and variations associated with discrete morphological differences may generate taxonomical challenges, which requires multiple data types and in-depth historical review. The nudibranch known as the Spanish dancer, Hexabranchus sanguineus , is a classic example with over 200 years of taxonomic confusion. Currently, H. sanguineus is accepted by most authors as a single species from the Indo-Pacific Ocean with Hexabranchus morsomus as a valid species from the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, despite these species being highly studied, their systematic status remains debatable. Over 30 synonyms have been proposed for H. sanguineus and even a distinct genus for H. morsomus . Here we provide, for the first time, a comprehensive review of all proposed names and an integrative taxonomic revision of the genus including morphological and molecular data. Our results reveal that H. sanguineus is a complex of five species: four previously described and an undescribed species, one of the largest nudibranchs in the world: Hexabranchus giganteus sp. nov. The genus Caribranchus is considered a junior synonym of Hexabranchus Ehrenberg, 1828 and the ontogeny of color pattern is discussed.
... Ecology : This species has been found in intertidal rock pools ( Gosliner, 1987 ) to 8 m depth (this study). Presumably feeding on tunicates ( Gosliner, 1987 ;Gosliner et al. , 2008Gosliner et al. , , 2015Gosliner et al. , , 2018, this species inhabits tropical coral reefs ( Tibiriçá et al. , 2017 ). ...
... Distribution . The species is widespread in the Indo-Pacific Ocean ( Gosliner et al. , 2008( Gosliner et al. , , 2015( Gosliner et al. , , 2018, South Africa (Sodwana Bay National Park; Gosliner, 1987 ;Coleman, 2008 ), Mozambique ( Tibiriçá et al. , 2017 ; this study), Australia (New South Wales; Debelius & Kuiter, 2007 ; this study); the Philippines (Batangas Province; this study) and Japan ( Nakano, 2004( Nakano, , 2018. ( Figs 3 F, Etymology : The name rubrobranchiata refers to the red gill branches of this species. ...
Goniodoris is the third most diverse genus of the nudibranch family Goniodorididae. The genus has undergone several taxonomic changes, with c. one-third of the recognized species of Goniodoris having been synonymized (most of these are junior synonyms of genera from other families). In addition, Goniodoris includes other synonymized genera within it, such as Pelagella, which was erected for Doris pareti. This species was synonymized with Goniodoris castanea and the genus Pelagella went almost unnoticed. In the present study, we investigate the systematics of the genus Goniodoris by examining specimens of G. castanea from England and Spain, G. joubini from Hawaii and six undescribed Goniodoris species from Australia, the Philippines and Mozambique. The morphology of the new species is studied using dissections of the internal organs and scanning electron micrographs of the radulae, labial cuticles and the penis. We also carried out phylogenetic analyses using partial DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. These analyses show that the type species of Goniodoris, G. nodosa, is not a member of the clade constituted by the focal species of our study; the valid name for this clade is Pelagella. Six new species of Pelagella, P. albopunctata n. sp., P. balanoyensis n. sp., P. longicornis n. sp., P. scottjohnsoni n. sp., P. rubrobranchiata n. sp. and P. vitrea n. sp., are described.
... Atagema spongiosa is clearly distinct from other species of Atagema recognized as valid in the modern literature, such as Atagema ornata (Ehrenberg, 1831) [= Atagema intecta Kelaart, 1858] and Atagema carinata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832), illustrated and/or redescribed in Willan and Coleman (1984), Valdés and Gosliner (2001), and Rudman (2005), as well as Atagema echinata (Pease, 1860), illustrated by Tibiriçá et al. (2017) and Gosliner et al. (2018). None of these species possesses the characteristic dorsal pattern of tubercles, depressions with a central ridge present in A. spongiosa. ...
The study of a well-preserved collection of discodorid nudibranchs collected in Koumac, New Caledonia, revealed the presence of seven species new to science belonging to the genera Atagema, Jorunna, Rostanga, and Sclerodoris, although some of the generic assignments are tentative as the phylogeny of Discodorididae remains unresolved. Moreover, a poorly known species of Atagema originally described from New Caledonia is re-described and the presence of Sclerodoris tuberculata in New Caledonia is confirmed with molecular data. All the species described herein are highly cryptic on their food source and in the context of the present study the term “cryptic” is used to denote such species. This paper highlights the importance of comprehensive collecting efforts to identify and document well-camouflaged taxa.
... Despite current research efforts to raise the biodiversity knowledge of nudibranchs from the western Indian Ocean (e.g. Manson-Parker 2015; Tibiriçá et al. 2017aTibiriçá et al. , b, 2018Tibiriçá et al. , 2020, this region remains comparatively far less studied than other areas of the Indo-West Pacific. The high number of undescribed species often hampers comprehensive biogeographic studies. ...
... The Indo-Pacific species that most resembles J. liviae sp. nov. is J. ramicola; a species first described from New Zealand and likely occurring in Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al. 2017a). Jorunna ramicola is dull in color and bears long, slender outermost teeth which may be described as pectinate. ...
The nudibranch diversity of the western Indian Ocean is comparatively one of the least studied in the world. In this paper a sponge-like Discodoridae nudibranch Jorunna liviae sp. nov. is described. The description is based on integrative anatomy, including molecular analysis of two genes (the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear H3), dissections, electron microscopy (SEM) of buccal elements, micro tomography of the spicule's arrangements and ecological observations. This study provides the first ever molecular data of Jorunna species from the western Indian Ocean, helping to fill the gap to further understand this apparent paraphyletic genus.
... Goniobranchus geometricus (Risbec, 1928) Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. Marshall Islands, Palau, Guam, Japan, Fiji, Papua New Guinea (Gosliner et al., 2008), New Caledonia (Risbec, 1928), Australia (Nimbs and Smith, 2016), Thailand (Mehrotra and Scott, 2016), Indonesia, Philippines, Maldives (Debelius, 1996), Madagascar, Tanzania (Gosliner et al., 2008), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus albonares (Rudman, 1990) Indo West Pacific Ocean. Japan (Gosliner et al., 2008), New Caledonia, Australia (Rudman, 1990), Reunion (Bidgrain, 2006), Madagascar (Rassat, 2016), Mayotte (Schubert, 2010), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse, 1875) Widespread in the Indo West and Central Pacific. ...
... Marshall Islands, Palau, Guam, Japan, Fiji, Papua New Guinea (Gosliner et al., 2008), New Caledonia (Risbec, 1928), Australia (Nimbs and Smith, 2016), Thailand (Mehrotra and Scott, 2016), Indonesia, Philippines, Maldives (Debelius, 1996), Madagascar, Tanzania (Gosliner et al., 2008), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus albonares (Rudman, 1990) Indo West Pacific Ocean. Japan (Gosliner et al., 2008), New Caledonia, Australia (Rudman, 1990), Reunion (Bidgrain, 2006), Madagascar (Rassat, 2016), Mayotte (Schubert, 2010), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse, 1875) Widespread in the Indo West and Central Pacific. Hawaii, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia (Gosliner et al., 2008), Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Tanzania (Rudman, 1985), South Africa, Madagascar (Gosliner et al., 2008), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus sp. ...
... Japan (Gosliner et al., 2008), New Caledonia, Australia (Rudman, 1990), Reunion (Bidgrain, 2006), Madagascar (Rassat, 2016), Mayotte (Schubert, 2010), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse, 1875) Widespread in the Indo West and Central Pacific. Hawaii, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia (Gosliner et al., 2008), Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Tanzania (Rudman, 1985), South Africa, Madagascar (Gosliner et al., 2008), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al., 2017) Goniobranchus sp. 21 South Africa, Mozambique and Reunion Island ...
The opisthobranch are a diverse group of sea slugs sensitive to anthropogenic pollution. Considering the plans of Mauritius to expand the harbour, the present study investigated the distribution of opisthobranch in area of close proximity. A total of three survey areas (Bain des Dames, Rivière Noire and Le Morne) were monitored over a period of fifteen months (August 2019 to December 2020) using belt transects of 50 m × 5 m. Environmental variables such as nutrients (nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, organic matter, organic carbon) and heavy metals (chromium ⁵³Cr, iron ⁵⁷Fe, cadmium ¹¹¹Cd and ¹¹⁴Cd, tin ¹¹⁹Sn, mercury ²⁰²Hg and lead ²⁰⁸Pb) were measured. A total of 1367 opisthobranch belonging to 76 species and 20 families were recorded, with 13 novel records. Species richness was higher at Bain des Dames (H’ = 3.22) and Pielou’s evenness index fluctuated from December 2019 to June 2020 and in December 2020 at Le Morne. PERMANOVA analysis showed species composition depends on survey location, period and its complex interaction (p < 0.05). Most records were made during the breeding/spawning season (summer). The SIMPER analysis showed the Cephalaspideans were the dominant species explaining the dissimilarity between Bain des Dames and Rivière Noire (40.63%). Their observations possibly relate to feeding purposes since they feed on polychaete which inhabit fine grain and organic rich areas. The sacoglossans explained the dissimilarity between Bain des Dames and Le Morne (38.73%) and Rivière Noire (44.95%). Their abundance relate to their abundant food source. The three locations differed from each other, with concentration of environmental variables higher at Bain des Dames. The BIO-ENV matching analysis showed organic matter, organic carbon and depth (R = 0.328, p < 0.05) best explained the pattern in biotic assemblage. The findings show pollution is not affecting the population of opisthobranch. Their tolerance to nutrient enrichment suggest their valuable use as biological indicators.
... Malaysia (Gosliner and Johnson 1999), Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), India (Apte 2009), Pakistan (Gul 2019), Larak and Lavan islands, Iran (Rezai et al. 2016), Kuwait (Nithyanandan et al. 2021), Oman (Debelius 1996), Egypt (Johnson and Valdés 2001), Red Sea, East Africa (Barash and Danin 1992;Gosliner et al. 2008), Tanzania (Edmunds 1971), Mozambique (Tibiriçá et al. 2017), South Africa (Debelius 1996), Madagascar (Gosliner et al. 2008), and Mauritius (this study) Remarks. We found a group of four individuals of H. infucata crawling on sand during a daylight survey near a shipwreck at Bain des Dames (Fig. 2). ...
To date, 179 species belonging to the gastropod infraclass Euthyneura are known from Mauritius. We report for the first time from Mauritius the chromodorid nudibranch, Hypselodoris infucata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830), based on 47 sites surveyed over 17 months. This species was previously known from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Indo-Pacific Ocean, and Western Indian Ocean. We observed it in Mauritius at Bain des Dames near a shipwreck under coral rubble. Considering the small size and camouflage behavior of some nudibranch species, additional fieldwork will likely add others species unknown from the islands.
... mostly in shallow waters (Ev. Marcus, 1976;Valdés & Gosliner, 2001;Camacho-García & Gosliner, 2008;Edmunds, 2011;Alvim & Pimenta, 2013;Ortea et al., 2014;Ortea & Moro, 2016;Zenetos et al., 2016;Tibiriçá et al., 2017;Furfaro et al., 2020). ( Iredale & O'Donoghue, 1923: 227. ...
To investigate the conspecificity of different morphotypes of Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804) (type species of genus Jorunna Bergh, 1876), we studied specimens sampled from across part of the geographical distribution of the species, using a combination of morphoanatomical characters and molecular phylogenetics. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylograms were inferred based on the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA, and the nuclear gene histone H3.We used the automatic barcode gap discovery method to aid in species delimitation. COI genetic uncorrected p-distances were estimated between and within species. Animals were dissected and the reproductive system, radulae and labial cuticles were examined; scanning electron microscopy was employed to study ultrastructural elements of anatomical characters. The results revealed the presence of a new species (Jorunna artsdatabankia n. sp.) and a possible case of incipient speciation in J. tomentosa with our COI data indicating the presence of two morphoanatomically indistinct lineages that are separated from each other by distances of 3.2–5.0%. The genetic distance between J. artsdatabankia n. sp. and its sister species J. tomentosa was 9.0–12.3%; the former species is characterized by a plain white to yellow background colour with irregularly placed small brown spots, smooth radular teeth and a longer vas deferens, wider vagina and a longer copulatory spine (up to 600 μm longer) than the latter. A diagnostic comparison of all species of European Jorunna is included, as well as a discussion
of the assignment of J. lemchei to the genus Gargamella.
