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— A – B: Hedysarum grandiflorum. LM equatorial view and colpus. Scale bar = 4 μ m. — C – D: H. tauricum. LM equatorial view and colpus. Scale bar = 4 μ m. — E – F: Onobrychis alba ssp. laconica. — E: LO colpus and ornamentation. Scale bar = 4 μ m. — F: TEM section of exine. All scale bars of TEM = 1 μ m. — G – J: O. degenii. — G: SEM polar and equatorial view. Scale bar = 20 μ m. — H: SEM polar view and apocolpium. Scale bar = 5 μ m. — I: TEM section of exine. — J: SEM colpus and ornamentation. Scale bar = 5 μ m.
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Pollen morphology of 14 taxa, 12 taxa of the genus Onobrychis Adans. and two taxa of the genus Hedysarum L., distributed in Bulgaria, was studied with light and electron microscopy. The pollen is 3-colpate, medium or large in size, with reticulate ornamentation. Differences are observed in the dimensions, the aperture shape and the exine stratifica...
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Pollen morphology of 14 taxa, 12 taxa of the genus Onobrychis Adans. and two taxa of the genus Hedysarum L., distributed in Bulgaria, was studied with light and electron microscopy. The pollen is 3-colpate, medium or large in size, with reticulate ornamentation. Differences are observed in the dimensions, the aperture shape and the exine stratifica...
Citations
... In Iranian Hedysareae the surface ornamentation was reticulate and the pollen apertures corresponded to the habits of species, in all perennials taxa pollen are tricolpate and annual herbs have tricolporate apertures (Amirabadizadeh and Ghanavati 2012). Thereafter, current investigation was also supported by the finding of previous pollen studies (Pavlova and Manova 2000;Ranjbar et al. 2011;Ghanavati 2012). ...
The present study was designed to assess the morphology, anatomy and pollen morphology of six Onobrychis species native to Pakistan, aiming at enriching their characterization. Among the morphological features, stipules, bracts, floral segments (calyx, vexillum, wing, keel, stamen and carpel) and fruits along with seed morphology were studied. Consequently, for anatomical study slides were prepared and properly stained to assess their characters in stem, petiole, peduncle and leaflet. Among the morphological characters, the ones that significantly varied among the studied taxa were the shape and size of stipules, calyx teeth shape and size, color, shape and size of the corolla, ovary shape and size, pod along with seeds shape and size. Pollen grains were tricolpate, isopolar and radially symmetrical, prolate in shape and obtuse convex in general view. Exine ornamentation was micro-reticulate (O. cornuta and O. laxiflora), supra-reticulate (O. dealbata), micro-reticulate perforate (O. micrantha), micro-reticulate granulate (O. stewartii), and reticulate (O. tavernierifolia). Polar to equatorial ratio (P/E ratio) was measured from minimum 1.35 in O. laxiflora to maximum 1.65 in O. dealbata. In addition, ordination (PCA) and clustering (UPGMA) analysis were performed on measured pollen characters. Among the anatomical features, variations were found in the outline of the stem, petiole, peduncle and leaflet, the number of layers of collenchyma and parenchyma in the stem, number of vascular bundles, pith shape in the petiole and peduncle. In leaflets anatomy, the numbers of layers of palisade and spongy parenchyma were assessed in the studied species.
... According to pollen morphology, several researches were carried out on the genus Hedysarum (Choi & Ohashi 1996, Pavlova & Manova 2000, Ghanavati & Amirabadizadeh 2012, Dural & Çıtak 2015, Aytaç et al. 2022. Saatçıoğlu (2017) investigated the pollen morphologies of 31 plant specimens of different localities belonging to 19 taxa of Hedysarum using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and for light microscopy using the methods of Wodehouse (1935) and Erdtman (1969). ...
... However, when the pollen characteristics of the two taxa were compared, it was determined that, colpus width, one side of the polar triangle and mesocolpium diameter were little longer than H. dededaghense pollen grains. Finally, the results show that the pollen morphology of H. vuralii confirmed the general description reported previously on other species of the genus (Choi & Ohashi 1996, Pavlova & Manova 2000, Ghanavati & Amirabadizadeh 2012, Dural & Çıtak 2015, Aytaç et al. 2022. ...
Hedysarum vuralii, a new species in the tribe Hedysareae (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated. It belongs to Hedysarum section Multicaulia, collected from Ankara province in Turkey. H. vuralii is closely related to H. dededaghense but differs in densely adpressed white sericeous stem indumentum (versus spreading pilose); 7-10 paired, narrower, and glabrous above leaflets (5-16 ×1-3 mm, versus 7-8 paired, oblong-elliptic, 5-20 × 2-5 mm, spreading hairy on both surface); longer bracteoles (5-6 mm long, versus 3-4 mm); calyx teeth at least twice as long as tube (versus as long as tube); corolla greenish yellow, violet spotted at tips (versus purple); shorter standard (15-16 mm long, versus 19 mm); pods 12 × 4 mm, 2 (-3)-jointed (versus 14 × 5-6 mm, 1-2 jointed); joints 4-6 × 2-4 mm, pubescent with echinate in the center (versus c. 6 ×6, pubescent with setae). Taxonomic descriptions, images, the identification key, phenology, palynology, and the IUCN threat category of the new species were presented. Moreover, the geographical distribution of H. vuralii and H. dededaghense were mapped.
... The palynomorphology of the many Fabaceae taxa has taxonomic significance (Erdtman 1969, Ohashi 1971, Perveen and Qaiser 1998, Pavlova and Manova 2000, Pınar et al. 2000, Avcı et al. 2013, Çeter et al. 2013, Bagheri et al. 2019. Three apertures, reticulate or suprareticulate ornamentation of exine, oblate-spheroidal or prolate pollen grains were given in those studies. ...
... Additionally, the micromorphological (pollen, fruit, and seed) characteristics can contribute to the discrimination of Hedysarum species, especially the pollen grains and muri size. However, there has been no taxonomical study conducted on the pollen structures of the subsection Multicaulia in Türkiye (Ohashi 1971, Polhill 1981, Faegri et al. 1989, Moore et al. 1991, Choi and Ohashi 1996, Civelek et al. 1999, Pavlova and Manova 2000, Sa et al. 2010, Ghanavati and Amirabadizadeh 2012, Dural and Citak 2015. ...
... 2, Fig. 1). Ohashi (1971), Ferguson and Skvarla (1981), Faegri and Iversen (1989), Moore et al. (1991), Pavlova and Manova (2000), and Ghanavati and Amirabadizadeh (2012) confirmed that the pollen morphological characteristics of the different sections of Hedysarum are essentially the same. Polar and equatorial axes were useful pollen characters to group species with the aid of numerical analysis as mentioned before in Astragalus (Bagheri et al. 2019). ...
The purpose of the current work was to assess the systematic and taxonomic significance of the pollen morphological characteristics of the Multicaulia section of Hedysarum species found throughout Türkiye using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) techniques. For this reason, seven different species currently classified in the Multicaulia section were collected from various localities. The pollen grains were nonacetolyzed, prepared and directly measured according to the Wodehouse method. Pollen grains were found to be subprolate in H. nitidum but prolate in others and the exine sculpturing pattern was determined to be microreticulate-perforate in six taxa while only H. varium subsp. syriacum had reticulate-perforate sculpture. The minimum exine thickness was measured at 0.96 μm in H. varium subsp. varium , while among the investigated species, H. nitidum had an exine measurement of 1.38 μm. In this study, multivariate analysis was used to investigate nine qualitative and quantitative features. Data cluster analysis revealed that the pollen characteristics were important in helping to distinguish the different species from one another. The results demonstrated that the genus Hedysarum of the section Multicaulia was divided into two major groups based on variations in pollen dimensions. The usefulness of certain pollen morphological traits was assessed, and the congruency of the palynomorphological investigations was examined. The findings demonstrated the significance of pollen micromorphology in precisely identifying and categorizing the Multicaulia section.
... The majority of cultivated sainfoin is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) with tetrasomic inheritance (Kidambi et al., 1990;Negri et al., 1987;Pavlova & Manova, 2000), although diploid forms exist in sainfoin (2n = 2x = 14) (Carbonero et al., 2013). Abou-El-Enain (2002) reported octoploid and aneuploid forms in sainfoin, such as 2n = 3x + 1 = 22, 2n = 4x−1 = 27 and 2n = 4x + 1 = 29. ...
Over the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), particularly among western Canadian forage and beef‐cattle producers. A major trigger has been the availability of new sainfoin cultivars with improved compatibility with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). These new cultivars in binary mixture with alfalfa significantly reduced the incidence of alfalfa pasture bloat in grazing animals, potentially saving an estimated CAD 300–500 million worldwide, largely by eliminating direct animal losses and expenses associated with prevention and treatment. Although the development of new sainfoin cultivars was a significant breakthrough, this alone did not ensure its adoption by producers in western Canada. Indeed, concerns and questions endured, including whether sainfoin cultivars could in fact grow together with alfalfa and persist as a perennial crop, whether including sainfoin in alfalfa stands would make the pasture bloat safe, whether the biomass yield of sainfoin was comparable to that of alfalfa for a profitable return, and whether livestock would graze sainfoin to the same extent as alfalfa. In this review study, we provide an overview of sainfoin breeding research and discuss how new sainfoin cultivars (AAC‐Mountainview and AAC‐Glenview) were developed in Canada for binary mixtures with alfalfa. Additionally, we highlight current progress in sainfoin breeding efforts and the prospect of this species as a livestock feed for a sustainable agriculture system.
... Palynological observations on Onobrychis to date have remained regional. Pavlova and Manova [10] presented the pollen morphology of 12 taxa from the genus in Bulgaria. Ghanavati and Amirabadizadeh [11] examined palynologically nine Onobrychis taxa of the Hedysareae tribe distributed throughout Iran and identified major taxonomical characteristics of their pollen grains. ...
... The pollen grains were trizonocolpate, prolate-shaped, and mediumsized in all the studied taxa. In palynological studies on Onobrychis species carried out to date, pollen grains have been determined to be trizonocolpate [10,[12][13][14]; however, Ghanavati and Amirabadizadeh [11] reported the presence of trizonocolporate pollen in O. crista-galli Lam. in addition to trizonocolpate ones. ...
... This pollen shape was similar to previous studies [12][13][14]. In addition to prolate, perprolate pollen grains were also recorded in the genus [10,11]. The outline in polar view (amb) was almost circular in all species. ...
... Pollen morphology of H. dazkiriense is consistent with the other species of the genus (Choi & Ohashi 1996;Pavlova & Manova 2000;Ghanavati & Amirabadizadeh 2012;Dural & Çıtak 2015). ...
A new species, Hedysarum dazkiriense, in the genus Hedysarum (Fabaceae) was described and illustrated here and is only known from Dazkırı district in Afyonkarahisar Province in Türkiye. The species belongs to sect. Multicaulia and it is closely related to H. syriacum, but it is distinguished from it by having 5-8 pairs and smaller leaflets (3-7 × 1-2 mm, not 4-6 pairs and 15-22 × 5-12 mm); calyx 2-3 mm long (not 8-9 mm), standard 14-16 mm long (not 18-22 (-24) mm). Also, it is similar to H. pestalozzae, but distinctly different from it by having smaller leaflets (3-7 × 1-2 mm, not 5-14 × 2.5-4 mm), smaller calyx (2-3 mm long not 4-6 mm), lomentum sparsely hirsute and without setae (not densely tomentose, with or without setae). Taxonomic descriptions, images, the identification key, phenology, palinology and the IUCN threat category of the new species were presented. In addition, the geographical distribution of H. dazkiriense, H. syriacum and H. pestalozzae were mapped.
... Fabaceae is eurypalynous family (Luz et al., 2013), with vastly diverse pollen characters (Pavlova & Manova, 2000;Taia, 2004;Lashin 2006;Liao et al., 2022). Among the numerous studies that explain the pollen morphology of Fabaceae species: Erdtman (1952), Barth et al., (1976), Graham et al., (1980), Banks & Lewis, (2009), Luz et al., (2013), Antonio-Domingues et al., (2018), Talebi, et al., (2020), Soares et al., (2022). ...
... The results concerning the pollen morphology of the Algerian representatives of Hedysarum confirmed the general description reported previously on other species of the genus (Pire 1974;Ubera et al. 1988;Reille 1992;Pavlova and Manova 2000;Dural and Citak 2015). ...
... Boiss., by Ghanavati and Amirabadizadeh (2012) for H. kopetdaghi Boriss. and H. damghanicum Rech.f., by Pavlova and Manova (2000) for H. tauricum Willd. and H. grandiflorum Pall. ...
Four spontaneous diploid taxa (2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes) of the genus Hedysarum L. were studied for the first time using molecular cytogenetic approach and a tetraploid one as an additional comparative control. This study follows the work undertaken on this genus as part of the preservation and valorization of fodder and pastoral phytogenetic resources in Algeria. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) results revealed the same number of 35S rDNA loci for all diploid taxa, but differences in the number and position of 5S ribosomal genes. Chromomycin fluorochrome banding displayed that all chromomycin positive bands (GC-rich heterochromatin) were colocalized with rDNA signals. 2C DNA values (genome size), estimated by flow cytometry, indicated greater than two-fold difference among diploid taxa where nuclear DNA amount ranged from 2C = 1.26 pg in H. carnosum Desf. to 2C = 3.36 pg in H. naudinianum Coss. Genome size of tetraploid H. perrauderianum Coss. & Durieu (2n = 4x = 32) also estimated for the first time, was 6.64 pg which is almost twice of the value of diploid H. naudinianum 2C = 3.36 pg. Palynological analysis by light microscopy shows two types of pollen grains: prolate and tricolpate for H. naudinianum and H. perrauderianum, subprolate and tricolporate for H. carnosum, H. spinosissimum subsp. capitatum (Desf.) Asch. & Gr. and H. pallidum Desf. These new data enrich the knowledge about relationships among these species and also allow proposing and discussing the possible origin of the tetraploid H. perrauderianum from the diploid H. naudinianum.
... subsp. bulgaricum Kojuharov (1976:557)) in their paper (Pavlova & Manova 2000). ...
Hedysarum nallihanse, a new species in the Hedysareae DC. (Fabaceae) tribe, was described and illustrated from Beypazarı-Nallıhan (Ankara Province) in Turkey. It belongs to the Obscura B. Fedtsch section. The characteristic structure has greenish stems, persisting corolla during fruiting time, mostly 2–3 unarmed, segments with short adpressed hairy fruit. The new species is closely related to H. vanense Hedge & Huber-Morath (1969:36) , but it is distinguished from it by a white corolla and the appearance of a purplish point at the tip and the larger stipule. Also, it is closely related to H. hedysaroides (L.) Schinz & Thellung (1913:70) since the standard is shorter than the keel and the fruit is without thorns. However, it is distinguished by its structure with a shorter stipule in this new species, the white color of the corolla, the segmented lomentum is 2–3 (not 3–5) and the leaflets 3–5 (–6) pairs (not 6–10 pairs). This new species is one of the two species in the genus that have a white corolla. Taxonomic descriptions, other morphological characters, phenology, and the IUCN category of the new species were presented. In addition, the geographical distribution of H. nallihanse, H. vanense and H. hedysaroides was mapped.
... The initial descriptions of Onobrychis pollen morphology by Erdtman (1966) were subsequently complemented by Ferguson and Skvarla (1981), Guinet and Ferguson (1989), Moore et al. (1991), and Reille (1992). Until now, the significant part of the evaluated Onobrychis taxa belongs to section Onobrychis (Pavlova and Manova 2000). ...
... Further, Perveen and Qaiser (1998) studied pollen grains morphological variables (polar and equatorial outline shapes, types of aperture, and ornamentation of exine) of five Pakistani Onobrychis species. Pavlova and Manova (2000) investigated the pollen grains morphological traits of 12 Bulgarian Onobrychis species from Laphobrychis and Onobrychis sections. Later, Avci et al. (2013) evaluated the palynological traits of 20 Turkish Onobrychis taxa by light and scanning electron microscopy. ...
... Therefore, it seems that this trait has low diagnostic value at infrageneric level. In previous studies, the equatorial views were determined as elongate, elliptic, elliptical elongated, oblong-obtuse, rectangularobtuse, and rectangular obtuse (Pavlova and Manova 2000;Amirabadizadeh et al. 2009;Ghanavati and Amirabadizadeh 2012;Avci et al. 2013). ...
We verified the taxonomic importance of pollen grain characteristics, based on pollen morphology of 44 populations of 36 Onobrychis Miller taxa belonging to two subgenera and six sections, chiefly for delimitation of taxa, sections, and subgenera. We evaluated 1100 pollen grains (25 per taxon) and tested them by 13 qualitative and quantitative characteristics using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. For 19 Onobrychis species, pollen descriptions are presented for the first time. We used Image Tools, MVSP, and SPSS software for statistical analyses. Pollen grains of all the taxa were tricolpate, single, radially symmetrical, and isopolar. We identified three shape classes according to the polar/equatorial axes length ratio: prolate (the dominant), perprolate, and subprolate. The outline shapes in polar view were almost identical, while the taxa were different in the equatorial view of pollen grains. We found the following three exine sculpture types occurred in the species studied: reticulate, suprareticulate, and microreticulate. Our results suggest that Onobrychis pollen morphological characters were relatively homogeneous, which agreed with previous investigations. Nevertheless, our analyses revealed significant variation in pollen characters among the studied taxa, whereas the outputs of principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering vaguely confirmed the arrangement of the Onobrychis species into subgenera and sections according to Flora Iranica. Therefore, the morphological features of pollen grains in Onobrychis taxa have limited taxonomic importance for delimitation of subgenera, sections and species.
