FIGURE 2 - uploaded by Thorsten Lumbsch
Content may be subject to copyright.
A–B. Acarospora flavisparsa (holotype). A. Habit growing among areoles of Protoparmelia montagnei (photograph V. J. Rico). B. Detail of squamules with apothecia, showing dark lateral surface (photograph V. J. Rico). C. Acarospora janae (holotype), habit (photograph M. Schmull). D. Aderkomyces thailandicus (holotype), habit (photograph K. Papong). E. Amandinea maritima (van den Boom 19164), general habit showing the crustose, creamy thallus; the young apothecia, erumpent or lecideine with pseudothalline margins; and the mature apothecia, typically lecideine. F. Amandinea maritima (holotype), ascospore ontogeny and ascospore variability. Scale in A, C, D = 1 mm, in B, E = 0.5 mm, in F = 10 µm.
Source publication
The number of undescribed species of lichenized fungi has been estimated at roughly 10,000. Describing and cataloging these would take the existing number of taxonomists several decades; however, the support for taxonomy is in decline worldwide. In this paper we emphasize the dire need for taxonomic expertise in lichenology. We bring together 103 c...
Similar publications
The number of undescribed species of lichenized fungi has been estimated at roughly 10,000. Describing and cataloging these would take the existing number of taxonomists several decades; however, the support for taxonomy is in decline worldwide. In this paper we emphasize the dire need for taxonomic expertise in lichenology. We bring together 103 c...
The number of undescribed species of lichenized fungi has been estimated at roughly 10,000. Describing and cataloging these would take the existing number of taxonomists several decades; however, the support for taxonomy is in decline worldwide. In this paper we emphasize the dire need for taxonomic expertise in lichenology. We bring together 103 c...
Citations
... As a result of this scientific activity the number of species listed in this checklist (1,292) is more than twice as high as in the last catalogue () with 554 species that was only published 15 years ago. In parallel with this increase in knowledge of the diversity of lichens in Thailand, our understanding of the evolution of lichenized fungi and their phylogenetic relationships dramatically increased over the last decades due to molecular data (Jaklitsch et al. 2016;Lücking et al., 2016;Lumbsch 2000;Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010;Printzen 2010). This resulted in numerous changes in the generic classification that make it difficult for users to interpret older names in the literature. ...
A new revised checklist of lichenized fungi in Thailand is presented, including 1,292 species. Recent work on the taxonomy of these organisms in Thailand resulted in an enormous increase in our knowledge of the lichen biota of the country – the current checklist includes more than twice as many species as the previous catalogue published 15 years ago – and phylogenetic studies resulted in numerous changes in the generic classification of lichenized fungi. Hence, a new checklist is here presented summarizing the current knowledge of lichens in Thailand. Six new records are reported, viz. Acanthothecis salazinica, Bactrospora metabola, Buellia parastata, Diploschistes cinereocaesius, Rolfidium coccocarpioides, and Trapelia placodioides. Five previously recorded species, namely Lecanora carpinea, Platismatia glauca, P. lacunosa, P. tuckermanii and Roccella phycopsis are shown to be based on misidentifications and are excluded from the checklist. Three new combinations of species previously placed in Pertusaria to Lepra are proposed: L. bulolensis (A.W.Archer, Elix & Streimann) Schmitt & Lumbsch, L. patellifera (A.W.Archer) Schmitt & Lumbsch, and L. subventosa (Malme) Schmitt & Lumbsch.
Asia, biodiversity, lichens, new records, taxonomy
... Protoparmeliopsis zerovii is similar to Fulgogasparrea decipioides (Arup) S. Y. Kondr., N. H. Jeong, Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell et J.-S. Hur with which growing side by side (see KoLRI 005548) after having lobate thallus, the same character of branching lobes and in having soredia and isidia, but differs in having grey to brownish grey thallus, concave soralia, in having white soredia and usually well-distinct white medullar, in having smaller isidia-like formations as well as in having black hypothallus, as well as in the lack of anthraquinones (Kondratyuk et al. 2014a, Lumbsch et al. 2011). Protoparmeliopsis zerovii is similar to P. crustaceum (Savicz) S. Y. Kondr., growing on siliceous rocks, often in nitrophilous conditions in Asia (Arctic– Taimyr; Kamchatka), and P. chejuensis S. Y. Kondr. ...
Data on about 27 new for South Korea species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, including one new for science genus Verseghya and 11 new for science species, i.e.: Agominia loekoesii , Lecanora pseudosambuci , Nectriopsis verseghyklarae , Polysporina golubkovae , Protoparmeliopsis zerovii , Psoroglaena chirisanensis , Pyrenopsis chejudoensis , Ropalospora chirisanensis , Thelopsis chirisanensis , Trapelia coreana , and Verseghya klarae , as well as 27 taxa newly recorded for the country ( Biatora aff. subduplex , Buellia cf. uberior , Caloplaca kedrovopadensis , Catillaria chalybaea , Coenogonium isidiatum , Dibaeis yurii , Halecania australis , H. lobulata , Intralichen christiansenii , Ivanpisutia oxneri , Lecania cf. olivacella , Lecanora lojkahugoi , L. sulphurea , Lecidella mandshurica , Lichenoconium erodens , Micarea lithinella , M. aff. stipitata , Muellerella pygmaea var. pygmaea , Oxneria alfredii , Pertusaria aff. flavocorallina , Phaeosporobolus alpinum , Polycoccum innatum , Porina fluminea , Rinodina xanthophaea , Ropalospora chloantha , Stigmidium cladoniicola , and S. epiramalina ) are provided.
Additional localities for the recently reported or described 39 species from South Korea, and for 1 species ( Oxnerella safavidiorum ) from Iran and China (for the first time for China) are provided.
The following taxa newly recorded for South Korea, i.e. Ivanpisutia oxneri , Lecanora lojkahugoi , Lecidella mandshurica , Rinodina xanthophaea , Ropalospora chloantha , as well as the newly described Buellia chujadoensis and Verseghya klarae found to be rather common in this country.
... many additional samples are awaiting determination . None of the c. 11 austral tripartite Pannaria species in Australia are known with certainty as far north as Queensland, except P. phyllidiata close to its southern boundary (Lumbsch et al. 2011). However, they resemble Gibbosporina species, and a specimen at BM from the Atherton Tableland in northern Queensland, published as Psoroma sphinctrinum (Jørgensen & Galloway 1992: 288), Psoroma contortum (Passo et al. 2004: 364) and Pannaria contorta (Passo & Calvelo 2006: 554), represents a Gibbosporina, but has not been studied sufficiently yet. ...
Reports of ‘
Psoroma sphinctrinum
’ from Palaeotropical areas are shown to represent instead species of the genus
Gibbosporina,
which is described here as new to science. This genus is superficially similar to tripartite, austral
Pannaria
species, such as the species now referred to as
Pannaria sphinctrina
(Mont.) Tuck. ex Hue. A phylogram based on an analysis of the nuclear large subunit rDNA (LSU) locus shows that
Gibbosporina
is instead a clade in a
Pannariaceae
branch referred to as the ‘
Physma
group’, a most unexpected addition to
Pannariaceae
dealt with by several previous studies. Genera assigned to this group have very contrasting general appearances. However, this diverse group shares distinctly ring-like thalline excipular margins; strongly amyloid internal ascus structures; well-developed perispores which have irregular gibbae and/or nodulose or acuminate apical extensions, but not verrucae; lacks TLC-detectable secondary compounds and have tropical distributions.
Gibbosporina
is the only tripartite genus in the group, with distinct, nodulose, placodioid, mini-fruticose to mini-foliose cephalodia with a high diversity of
Nostoc
cyanobionts. The cyanomorphs can apparently exist independently in some cases, although the apothecia on such cephalodia on a specimen from Réunion were unexpectedly found to belong to the chloromorph. The genus and related genera forming the ‘
Physma
group’ are probably evolutionarily old, and their weak affinity to the remaining part of
Pannariaceae
, concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere, is discussed. The genus includes 13 known species, and the generitype is
Gibbosporina boninensis
from the Japanese Ogasawara Islands, originally described as
Psoroma boninense
and recombined here. The following 12 species are described here as new to science, seven of them with molecular support in an LSU and ITS-based phylogram:
Gibbosporina acuminata
(Australia, the Philippines),
G. amphorella
(New Caledonia),
G. bifrons
(Malaysia, New Caledonia, the Philippines, Solomon Islands),
G. didyma
(Mauritius, Réunion),
G. elixii
(Australia),
G. leptospora
(Australia, Papua New Guinea),
G. nitida
(Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines),
G. mascarena
(Mauritius, Réunion, Sri Lanka),
G. papillospora
(the Philippines),
G. phyllidiata
(Solomon Islands),
G. sphaerospora
(Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Samoa, and with
Psoroma sphinctrinum
var.
endoxanthellum
as a new synonym), and
G. thamnophora
(Australia and the Philippines). Except for the phyllidiate
G. phyllidiata
and for
G. thamnophora
which has cephalodia adapted for vegetative propagation, the species are all primarily fertile. A key for determining the species is provided.
... Los hongos liquenizados, conocidos comúnmente como líquenes, constituyen un grupo taxonómico diverso cuyos primeros registros en el Perú datan del siglo XIX (Nylander 1855).En años recientes, los estudios sobre su diversidad han ido en aumento (Ramirez & Cano 2005, Randlane & Saag 2008, Timdal 2008a, b, Cáceres et al. 2012, Moberg 2011, Truong & Clerc 2012, Ramos et al. 2013, Rivas-Plata & Lücking 2013), proporcionando nuevos registros y taxones a la ciencia (e.g. Herpothallon rubroechinatum, Frisch et al. 2010; Racoleus trichophorus, Hawksworth et al. 2011; Everniastrum constictovexans, Lumbsch et al. 2011; Dictyonema hapteriferum, Lücking et al. 2013). Uno de los lugares más explorados es la región de Cusco (Ramos 2014), en la cual se encuentran diversos ecosistemas como los humedales altoandinos, bosques de queñuales (Polylepys spp.), pastizales y bosques nublados; los cuales constituyen hábitats idóneos para el crecimiento de distintas especies de líquenes. ...
Los líquenes (hongos liquenizados) son organismos que presentan una alta diversidad, especialmente en las regiones tropicales; sin embargo, en Perú su conocimiento aún es escaso. Utilizando una metodología convencional, así como literatura actualizada sobre la descripción de géneros y especies, se presenta una lista de los macro-líquenes presentes en el Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu (Cusco, Perú). Se reportan 67 especies de macro-líquenes, 9 de los cuales son nuevos registros para el Perú. Las familias Parmeliaceae, Physiciaceae y Lobariaceae son las que presentan mayor riqueza de especies en el área de estudio.
... For South America the new record Coenogonium saepincola was cited by Plata et al. (2006) for Costa Rica. Eremithallus marusae was previously mentioned by Lumbsch et al. (2011) from Mexico, and Fissurina aggregatula by Lücking et al. (2011) from the United States. In conclusion, the present work is one of the first studies about lichen diversity in the state of Paraíba and the first to study the lichens of Brejos de Altitude, comparing its composition and richness with that of Caatinga vegetation in the same state. ...
The present study tested the hypothesis that species richness and composition of epiphytic microlichens can be used to support the phytosociological differentiation between Caatinga and Brejos de Altitude, as exemplified by the Muralha Reserve (Caatinga) and the Parque Estadual Mata do Pau Ferro (Brejo de Altitude), in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 755 lichen samples were collected, comprising 18 families, 42 genera and 111 species of epiphytic, corticolous microlichens. Overall species richness was higher in the Caatinga, with 67 species, compared to the Brejo, with 46 species. Species richness per sample was significantly higher in the Caatinga compared to the Brejo. Taxonomic composition also differed significantly between the two areas, with Arthoniaceae, Caliciaceae, Chrysothrichaceae, Graphidaceae (particularly Graphis), Lecanoraceae, Mycoporaceae, Pertusariaceae, and Trypetheliaceae being dominant in, or exclusive to, the Caatinga, whereas Coenogoniaceae, Graphidaceae (Diorygma, Fissurina, Myriotrema, Ocellularia, Phaeographis, Sarcographa), Malmideaceae, Porinaceae and Strigulaceae were dominant in, or exclusive to, the Brejo. Five new species were discovered as result of this study. This is the first study to quantitatively compare richness and community patterns of epiphytic microlichens between two major biomes in Northeastern Brazil, and the first detailed lichen study in the state of Paraíba.
... Remarks:—True isidia are known from several Graphidaceae, but within the genus Fissurina Fée (1824: 35), they have only been described for F. atroisidiata Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (Lumbsch et al. 2011: 56) and F. isidiata Z. F. Jia (Jia et al. 2012: 75), the latter actually belonging in Platythecium Staiger (2002: 370). Long cylindrical, glossy green isidia as are present in this species are so far unknown in the whole family. ...
Two new species of Graphidaceae are described from the Solomon Islands. Fissurina longiisidiata occurs on tree bark in lowland forests and is characterized by the presence of long cylindrical, glossy green isidia and 3-septate ascospores. Pseudoramonia isidiata occurs on dead leaves in mountain forest and is characterized by the presence of gnarled, somewhat tapering, whitish grey isidia and 7-septate, somewhat clavate ascospores.
... So far c. 50 species are known in the genus, half of which were treated in a preliminary monograph (Kalb et al. 2004), the other half in subsequent papers (Cáceres 2007; Archer 2009; Makhija et al. 2009; Sharma & Makhija 2009a, b; Lumbsch et al. 2011; Sharma & Khadilkar 2012; Lima et al. 2013). During studies on Graphidaceae diversity by the first author in the states of Tocantins in the north and Paraná in the south of Brazil, three undescribed Diorygma species were encountered. ...
Three new corticolous Diorygma species are described from Brazil. Diorygma incantatum has transversely 29–31-septate, filiform ascospores 105–108×6 µm, and produces an unidentified substance with Rf 44 in solvent C. Diorygma pauciseptatum produces norstictic and connorstictic acids and has transversely 7–9-septate, I+ blue-violet, large ascospores 28–32×7 µm, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath c. 2 µm wide that is often somewhat expanded at one end. Diorygma tocantinense contains protocetraric acid and has muriform, broadly fusiform ascospores with rounded ends, 24–40×10–15 µm, surrounded by an gelatinous sheath up to c. 5 µm wide that is somewhat expanded at central parts of the ascospore. A revised world key is given to all currently known species of Diorygma.
... in the genus (Lü cking 2008), of which a third are strictly foliicolous, a third corticolous and a third occurring on various substrata including living leaves, bark and occasionally rock. Corticolous species have been treated by Cáceres (2007 Cáceres ( ), Kalb & Vězda (1987, Lü cking et al. (2011) and Lumbsch et al. (2011). Almost all species have an essentially smooth thallus, except for C. isidiosa Kalb & Vězda and C. psoromoides Kalb & Vězda (Kalb & Vězda 1987), which have an isidiate and a squamulose thallus respectively. ...
A key is given to the foliose and squamulose lichens known so far from Rondônia, including also corticolous crustose lichens with a chlorococcoid alga. The foliicolous Lecanorales found are also listed. The following four new corticolous Lecanorales are described from Rondônia: Calopadia granulosa with a granular, corticate thallus and ascospores 1 per ascus, 33–38×10·5–13·0 µm; Crustospathula amazonica with irregularly capitate to nearly globose, c. 0·2–0·4 mm diam. soralia on cartilaginous stalks; Flavoparmelia plicata with a thallus containing usnic and protocetraric acids, with laminal, irregular, globose to cylindrical isidia which are often easily abraded and showing the whitish medulla, but not sorediate or postulate; Physcidia striata with ascending squamules, without hypothallus, often with laminal isidia in defined areas towards lobe tips of some, usually sterile lobes, and often with biatorine apothecia with ascospores simple to 1-septate, (6·2–)7·5–10·0×(2·5–)3·0–3·5 µm. In the whole lichen flora of the lowland rainforest region of Rondônia, the following traits can be discerned: foliose lichens amount to only 17 species (2·7% of nearly 600), 33 (5·5%) are squamulose, while the vast majority (91·8%) are crustose. Cyanobacteria are present in only 6 (1%) species. A chlorococcoid alga present in c. 100 (16%), 12 of which (2%) have a myrmecioid alga. The remainder of the species, a staggering 83%, have trentepohlioid alga, including 6 (1%) with Phycopeltis. In neotropical lowland rainforest, the vast majority of the lichens are crustose and contain a trentepohlioid alga, and the Arthoniales, Graphidaceae and pyrenocarpous lichens are the main groups, each accounting for roughly a quarter of the lichen biodiversity.
... The genus Chiodecton currently comprises 20 accepted species, most of which were treated by Thor (1990). Among the species that have since been described (Harada 1990; Henssen & Thor 1998; Thor 2007; Lumbsch et al. 2011), there is one more or less sorediate species, Chiodecton pustuliferum Aptroot (Lumbsch et al. 2011). It differs notably by the paler, much thicker thallus with black byssoid prothallus. ...
... The genus Chiodecton currently comprises 20 accepted species, most of which were treated by Thor (1990). Among the species that have since been described (Harada 1990; Henssen & Thor 1998; Thor 2007; Lumbsch et al. 2011), there is one more or less sorediate species, Chiodecton pustuliferum Aptroot (Lumbsch et al. 2011). It differs notably by the paler, much thicker thallus with black byssoid prothallus. ...
... in the genus Cresponea, mostly treated in Egea & Torrente (1993), the remainder in some later publications (Egea et al. 1996; Elix 2007; Sakata et al. 2009; Elix et al. 2011; Lumbsch et al. 2011; Menezes et al. 2013). This is the first species reported without a proper thallus and with apparently a lichenicolous lifestyle. ...
The following new species of Arthoniales are described from Rondônia: Alyxoria fuscospora with 3-septate clavate ascospores of 20–23×4·5–5·5 µm having a gelatinous layer soon appearing evenly brown (also known from other tropical countries). Chiodecton complexum with discrete soralia, immersed apothecia in branched lines and 3-septate ascospores (26–)33–40×2·5–3·5 µm. Coniarthonia rosea, similar to C. pulcherrima but with the apothecia pink and more irregular in outline and the ascospores 13–16×5·5–6·5 µm. Cresponea flavosorediata with yellow-olive soralia, apothecia with yellow pruina and 7–9-septate ascospores, 26–38(–50)×5·0–6·5 µm. Cresponea lichenicola, lichenicolous on a Pyrenula, with 0·1–0·3 mm wide apothecia with yellow pruina. Eremothecella helicella with helicoid curved c. 17–29-septate conidia c. 70–95×2 µm long if uncoiled, with septa 3–6 µm apart. The Arthoniales are a speciose component of the lowland rainforest of Rondônia. A key is provided to the corticolous species of most groups of Arthoniales found in Rondônia. The foliicolous species found so far are listed. Most are new records for Rondônia. Chrysothrix occidentalis is new to the Neotropics.
... The term lichen refers to mutualistic symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus which is intimately associated with a photosynthetic partner (algae or cyanobacteria or sometimes both) and resulting in an autotrophic form of life that uses the carbohydrates produced by the photosynthetic partner to live (Gargaud et al. 2011). This successful symbiosis comprises of about 17 500 species and dominates about 8% of the Earth's terrestrial surface (Brodo et al. 2001) although lichen diversity might be much higher (Lumbsch et al. 2011). Lichen symbioses involve more than 14 000 fungi (* 19% of all known fungal species, Kirk et al. 2001) and about 100 species of green algae and cyanobacteria (Nash 2008). ...
Many experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the survival capacity of extremotolerant
lichens when facing harsh conditions, including those of outer space or of simulated Martian environment.
For further progress, a deeper study on the physiological mechanisms is needed that confer the unexpected
levels of resistance detected on these symbiotic organisms. In this work, the response of the lichenized
green algae Trebouxia sp. (a predominant lichen photobiont) to increasing doses of UV-C radiation is
studied. UV-C (one of the most lethal factors to be found in space together with vacuum and cosmic-ionizing
radiation with high atomic number and energy (HZE) particles) has been applied in the present experiments
up to a maximum dose analogue to 67 days in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). For that purpose we selected two
extremotolerant and space-tested lichen species in which Trebouxia sp. is the photosynthetic partner: the
crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum and the fruticose lichen Circinaria gyrosa. In order to evaluate the
effect of the physiological state of the lichen thallus (active when wet and dormant when dry) and of
protective structures (cortex and photoprotective pigments) on the resistance of the photobiont to UV-C,
four different experimental conditions were tested: (1) dry intact samples, (2) wet intact samples, (3) dry
samples without cortex/acetone-rinsed and (4) wet samples without cortex/acetone-rinsed. After irradiation
and a 72 hours period of recovery, the influence of UV-C on the two lichen’s photobiont under each
experimental approach was assessed by two complimentary methods: (1) By determining the photosystem II
(PSII) activity in three successive 24 hours intervals (Mini-PAMfluorometer) to investigate the overall state
of the photosynthetic process and the resilience of Trebouxia sp. (2) By performing high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC)-quantification of four essential photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a,
chlorophyll b, β-carotene and lutein) of one sample of each species and dose. Results indicate that the
physiological state of the thallus is the most important factor impairing the tolerance of Trebouxia sp. to
UV-C radiation in both lichen species. Desiccated thalli were demonstrated to be more resistant to UV-C.
No clear influence of UV-C radiation on the carotenoid content was detected. Comparing the respective
doses applied, the individuals of R. geographicum are more sensitive than C. gyrosa.
