FIG 3 - uploaded by Mats Wedin
Content may be subject to copyright.
A&B, Abrothallus granulatae. A, C&D, Vouauxiomyces granulatae. A, Habit. Arrow: pycnidia of V. granulatae; B, Section of ascoma; C, Conidia; D, Conidiogenous cells. Scales: A = 0-5 mm; B = 75 urn; C = 10 nm; D = 10 ^im. (A, Wedin 1066a; B, Wedin 1100a; C, Wedin 1066b; D, Wedin 1100b).
Source publication
Abrothallus secedens Wedin & R. Sant. sp. nov., commensalistic on species of Pseudocyphellaria, from Argentina and Kenya and Abrothallus granulatae Wedin sp. nov., parasitic on Pseudocyphellariagranulata, from Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) are described. Vouauxiomycesgranulatae Wedin sp. nov., is regarded as the anamorph of A. granulatae. Sphaerello...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... immersed in the host tissue, I -. Ascomata ( Fig. 3A & B) 0 1 - 0-4 mm diam., apothecioid, superficial, sessile or shortly stipitate, black, younger apothecia often with a dense yellowish green pruina; apothecia formed in dense groups within discoloured, pale brownish spots on the host thallus; stipe, when present, up to 30 um tall and 60 um wide; excipulum lacking or very indistinct; ...
Context 2
... than A. granulatae), causing the infected Ramaltna apothecia to become darkened. These two Abrothallus species thus seem to share several characteristics, including having anamorphs with relatively small conidia. The pycnidia of V. granulatae are produced in the same discoloured spots as, and often very close to the ascomata of, A. granulatae (Fig. 3A). This I consider an indication of an anamorph-teleomorph ...
Context 3
... (Fig. 3A) pycnidial, c. 50-75 nm tall and c. 40-100 (im wide, partly immersed, with a distinct ostiole, arising within discoloured, pale brownish spots on the host thallus; conidiomata wall c. 15-35 |am thick, com- posed of thick-walled pseudoparenchymatous cells, wall hyaline to pale brown in the lower, immersed part, outer wall layers dark ...
Context 4
... pale brownish spots on the host thallus; conidiomata wall c. 15-35 |am thick, com- posed of thick-walled pseudoparenchymatous cells, wall hyaline to pale brown in the lower, immersed part, outer wall layers dark brown to black in the upper part of the conidioma. Mycelium immersed in the host thallus; I -. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells (Fig. 3D) lining the pycnidial cavity, hyaline, cylindrical to narrowly lageniform, c. 2-0-2-5 x (60 -)6-5-80um; conidiogenesis annellidic, anellations indistinct. Conidia (Figs. 3C, 4C) holoblastic, simple, smooth-walled by light microscopy, cuneiform, 4-5- 5-5( -60) x 2-5-3-5 ^m; apex rounded; base distinctly truncate, broader than ...
Context 5
... immersed part, outer wall layers dark brown to black in the upper part of the conidioma. Mycelium immersed in the host thallus; I -. Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells (Fig. 3D) lining the pycnidial cavity, hyaline, cylindrical to narrowly lageniform, c. 2-0-2-5 x (60 -)6-5-80um; conidiogenesis annellidic, anellations indistinct. Conidia (Figs. 3C, 4C) holoblastic, simple, smooth-walled by light microscopy, cuneiform, 4-5- 5-5( -60) x 2-5-3-5 ^m; apex rounded; base distinctly truncate, broader than ...
Similar publications
Two new species of syringophilid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) associated with passeriform birds of the family Rhinocryptidae in South America are described: Syringophiloidus teledromas sp. nov. from Teledromas fuscus (Sclater and Salvin) in Argentina and Aulonastus pteroptochos sp. nov. from Pteroptochos tarnii (King) in Chile. The g...
![Fig. 1. Poa pfisteri Soreng [A. Pfister 6191 (US-2150300)]. A. Ligule,...](profile/Robert-Soreng/publication/290021077/figure/fig1/AS:380891781189632@1467823085135/Poa-pfisteri-Soreng-A-Pfister-6191-US-2150300-A-Ligule-adaxial-view-B-Ligule_Q320.jpg)
The distributions of several narrowly endemic species of Poa in Chile and Argentina are discussed. Poa hachadoensis var. pilosa and P. mendocina are newly reported for Chile. Poa pfisteri is described as a new species endemic to Chile. A key to Nicoraepoa and Poa species (except species of Poa sect. Dioicopoa) that grow in Chile from Coquimbo south...
Pseudocrossidium perpapillosum M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez is described and illustrated as a new South American species from Argentina and Chile. It differs from other species of Pseudocrossidium R.S.Williams by the costa excurrent in an awn, elliptical in cross-section, with 4?5(6) guide cells, marginal laminal cells differentiated with rounded, thin-w...
Stemodia durantifolia es una especie con dos variedades que crece desde California hasta Chile. La variedad típica se ha citado en trabajos previos para la Argentina y la otra variedad, chilensis fue mencionada hasta el momento para Chile. En este trabajo se descarta la presencia de la variedad típica en el país, se da a conocer su área de distribu...
Groebericeras bifrons Leanza is described from the Chacao Formation of central Mendoza and the Lo Valdés Formation of central Chile. The species appears limited to the Argentiniceras noduliferum Zone, which is traditionally placed in the lower Berriasian. Spanish records of Groebericeras appear to be younger (Hoedemaeker, 1982), while Groebericeras...
Citations
... NOTE. -This species is known from scattered finds in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the U.S.A. and Kenya (Etayo 2002, Etayo & Sancho 2008, Spribille et al. 2010, Wedin 1994 NOTE. -The ascospores in the specimen cited here are somewhat wider than reported for the species by Hawksworth & Santesson (1990) DESCRIPTION. ...
... Lit.: Alstrup & Cole 1998;Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990;Aptroot el al. 1997;Awasthi 1991;Berger & Zimmermann 2016;Coppins & Kondratyuk 1998;Ertz 2009;Ertz et al. 2004Ertz et al. , 2005Etayo 1996Etayo , 2007Etayo , 2010bEtayo , 2017Etayo & Aptroot 2006;Follmann & Werner 2003;Hafellner 1985bHafellner , 1994aHafellner , 2007Hafellner , 2009Harris & Ladd 2007;Isbrand & Alstrup 1992;Kalb & Elix 1995;Kondratyuk & Galloway 1995c;Kondratyuk et al. 2015Kondratyuk et al. , 2016bLücking 1998 Lit. : Brackel 2015;Brackel & Puntillo 2016;Diederich 1990Diederich , 2004aDiederich , 2011Etayo 2002Etayo , 2010bEtayo , 2017Etayo & Diederich 1995;Etayo & Osorio 2004;Hafellner 1994a;Hawksworth 1990a;Ihlen & Wedin 2008;Kondratyuk 1996b;Nordin 1964;Pérez-Ortega et al. 2014;Suija 2006;Suija et al. 2011Suija et al. , 2015aWedin 1994 Lit.: Alstrup & Cole 1998;Christiansen 1956Christiansen , 1980Diederich 1986;Hawksworth 1977bHawksworth , 1981Kondratyuk & Galloway 1995b;Kondratyuk et al. 1994;Lawrey et al. 2011. Order Lit.: Aptroot et al. 1997;Etayo 2002a;Hafellner 1979Hafellner , 1985bKalb 1990 & Hawksworth 2001;Diederich 1989Diederich , 1990Diederich , 1992bDiederich & Zhurbenko 1997Ertz et al. 2016 Lit.: Brackel 2008Brackel , 2010aEtayo 1996Etayo , 2017Etayo & Diederich 1996a;Hafellner 1994aHafellner , 2015Hawksworth 1981Hawksworth , 1994Hawksworth , 2003Khodosovtsev et al. 2018;Kocakaya et al. 2015;Kondratyuk 2008;Kondratyuk et al. 2012Kondratyuk et al. , 2013Lawrey et al. 2012 Lit.: Alstrup & Hawksworth 1990;Matzer et al. 1994;Mayrhofer 1984aMayrhofer , 1984bRambold & Triebel 1992. ...
Lichenicolous fungi represent a highly specialized and successful group of organisms that live exclusively on lichens, most commonly as host-specific parasites, but also as broad-spectrum pathogens, saprotrophs or commensals. We present here the most recent update to the classification of lichenicolous fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota to genus level, arranged phylogenetically according to published classifications. For each genus, all known lichenicolous taxa (obligately lichenicolous taxa, lichenicolous lichens, and facultatively lichenicolous taxa) are listed, along with information about types, synonyms, pertinent literature and whether or not molecular data are available for any of the listed species. The number of accepted lichenicolous fungi is now 2319, with 2000 obligately lichenicolous species, subspecies or varieties, 257 lichenicolous lichens and 62 facultatively lichenicolous taxa. These species are found in 10 different classes of Fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), 55 orders, 115 families and 397 genera. The 2319 total taxa is an increase from the 1559 total species reported in the last published catalogue in 2003, and a larger number than the approximately 1800 reported in the most recent online checklist (www.lichenicolous.net) posted in January 2018. Of the total number of taxa, 2219 (96%) are ascomycetes and 100 (4%) are basidiomycetes. Of the 397 genera containing lichenicolous species, c. 50% (198) are entirely lichenicolous. In addition, six families (Abrothallaceae, Adelococcaceae, Cyphobasidiaceae, Obryzaceae, Polycoccaceae, Sarcopyreniaceae) and two orders (Abrothallales, Cyphobasidiales) are entirely lichenicolous. Sequence information is available for lichenicolous species in 128 (32%) of the 397 genera containing lichenicolous species, and in 56 (28%) of the 198 entirely lichenicolous genera. Many species are known from only one host lichen, but it is likely that broader host ecologies will be discovered as new sequence information is obtained from ongoing microbiome studies. Phaeopyxis Rambold & Triebel is considered as a new synonym of Bachmanniomyces D.Hawksw., resulting in five new combinations B. australis (Rambold & Triebel) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ P. australis), B. carniolicus (Arnold) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ Biatora carniolica), B. muscigenae (Alstrup & E.S.Hansen) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ P. muscigenae), B. punctum (A.Massal.) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ Nesolechia punctum) and B. varius (Coppins, Rambold & Triebel) Diederich & Pino-Bodas (≡ P. varia). As a consequence of a phylogenetic analysis including new sequences, Dactylospora Körb. is regarded as a new synonym of Sclerococcum Fr.: Fr., resulting in one new name (S. acarosporicola Ertz & Diederich) and 46 new combinations. Sclerococcaceae Réblová, Unter. & W.Gams is considered as a new synonym of Dactylosporaceae Bellem. & Hafellner. The new Sclerococcum ophthalmizae Coppins is described. Sclerophyton occidentale Herre is lectotypified on the lichenicolous fungus present in the type specimen and becomes a younger synonym of Sclerococcum parasiticum. A replacement name is Arthonia polydactylonis Diederich & Ertz (≡ A. ceracea). Further new combinations are Abrothallus lobariae (Diederich & Etayo) Diederich & Ertz (≡ Phoma lobariae), A. psoromatis (Zhurb. & U. Braun) Diederich & Zhurb. (≡ P. psoromatis), Asteroglobulus pyramidalis (Etayo) Diederich (≡ Cornutispora pyramidalis), Didymocyrtis grumantiana (Zhurb. & Diederich) Zhurb. & Diederich (≡ Phoma grumantiana), Epithamnolia atrolazulina (Etayo) Diederich (≡ Hainesia atrolazulina), Gyalolechia epiplacynthium (Etayo) Diederich (≡ Fulgensia epiplacynthium), Nesolechia doerfeltii (Alstrup & P.Scholz) Diederich (≡ Phacopsis doerfeltii), N. falcispora (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich (≡ P. falcispora), N. oxyspora var. fusca (Triebel & Rambold) Diederich (≡ P. oxyspora var. fusca), Preussia peltigerae (Brackel) Diederich (≡ Sporormiella peltigerae), Scutula curvispora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (≡ Libertiella curvispora), S. didymospora (D.Hawksw. & Miadl.) Diederich (≡ L. didymospora), Stigmidium haesitans (Nyl.) Diederich (≡ Verrucaria haesitans), and S. parvum (Henssen) Diederich (≡ Pharcidia parvum). © 2018 by The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
... (n=25). The most similar species is Abrothallus granulatae Wedin which differs from A. suecicus in the shape of conidiogenous cells and conidia as well as in host selection (Wedin 1994). The species is distinguishable from other members of the genus due to the overall smaller dimensions of its pycnidia and conidia (Hawksworth 1981). ...
Data on 13 species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Belarus are presented; two lichens (Biatora efflorescens and Catillaria croatica) and ten lichenicolous fungi (Abrothallus microspermus, A. suecicus, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Merismatium decolorans, Phacopsis oxyspora, Polycoccum peltigerae, Pronectria subimperspicua, Taeniolella delicata and Zwackhiomyces echinulatus) are new to the country. Diploschistes muscorum is reported on lichens for the first time from Belarus. An updated checklist of lichenicolous fungi known from Belarus is also provided.
... Distribution and ecology: Lichenostigma alpinum has a worldwide distribution but is mainly confined to boreal and alpine-arctic areas (Wedin 1994, Brackel 2011b, Ertz et al. 2014). This species grows on a number of crustose lichens, mainly on Lecanora, Ochrolechia, Pertusaria, and Varicellaria (Brackel 2011b, Ertz et al. 2014). ...
Data on 17 species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Belarus are presented, of which three lichens (Fuscidea pusilla, Protoparmelia hypotremella, and Ropalospora viridis) and 13 lichenicolous fungi (Abrothallus cladoniae, Acremonium lichenicola, Arthonia coronata, Epicladonia simplex, Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenochora obscuroides, Lichenoconium erodens, L. lecanorae, L. pyxidatae, Lichenosticta alcicornaria, Lichenostigma alpinum, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, and Syzygospora physciacearum) are new to the country. The facultatively lichenicolous fungus Taeniolina scripta is reported on lichens for the first time from Belarus.
... Anatomically the genus is characterized by bitunicate asci with four to eight, 2-to 4-celled, brown, asymmetric ascospores with clear ornamentation, usually oriented with the wider cell placed upwards within the ascus. In some species the ascospores split into part-spores within the ascus (Etayo 2002, Hawksworth 1990, Wedin 1994. The sexual morph of Abrothallus is often accompanied with the asexual morph of Vouauxiomyces-type (Hawksworth 1981 despite being known for a long time, the phylogenetic adscription of the genus has remained unresolved until recently (Pérez-ortega et al. 2014) as no clear synapomorphies with any other known genera have been found. ...
... Following characters are considered: host taxon, ascospore septation, formation of part-spores (y -formation of part-spores, n-spores remain intact), position of ascocarps on host thallus (scattered vs grouped), presence and shape of the asexual morph (n -no asexual morph reported), dimensions of ascospores and conidia (length and width; µm) and ascomata (width; µm), and visual damage caused by the fungus (n -no visual damage). All dimensions of A. stictarum are given according to Etayo (2002), of A. brattii according to Kondratyuk (1996), and dimensions of conidia of A granulatae are given according to Wedin (1994). ...
... Abrothallus brattii differs from A. doliiformis and A. etayoi (both described in this study) by the shape of conidiomata and dimensions of conidia (Table 2). Regarding other Abrothallus species inhabiting Pseudocyphellaria, the asexual stage has been only reported for A. granulatae (Wedin 1994), but the conidiomata and conidia of this species are smaller, 4.5-5.5(-6.0) × 2.5-3.5 µm (Wedin 1994) vs. (12-)13.5-16.5(-17.5) ...
Species of the genus Abrothallus (Abrothallales, Dothideomycetes) are obligately lichenicolous (lichen-inhabiting) and grow on a wide variety of foliose and fruticose lichens. Bayesian Interference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (Ml) analyses of two gene loci—rDNA ITS and TEF-α—were used in order to infer the phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Abro- thallus associated with hosts from the order Peltigerales (lecanoromycetes). We found that the clade is subdivided into 13 lineages each of which can be delimited also by phenotypic criteria. Seven new species (Abrothallus boomii, A. canariensis, A. doliiformis, A. eriodermae, A. ertzii, A. etayoi and A. nephromatis) are described, two of which are known only by their asexual stage. Abrothallus welwitschii is lectotypified, and the original description is complemented. Vouauxiomyces brattii and Epinephroma kamchatica are combined within Abrothallus.
... NOTE. -This species is known from scattered finds in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the U.S.A. and Kenya (Etayo 2002, Etayo & Sancho 2008, Spribille et al. 2010, Wedin 1994 NOTE. -The ascospores in the specimen cited here are somewhat wider than reported for the species by Hawksworth & Santesson (1990) DESCRIPTION. ...
... To date, the nature of interascal filaments in the hamathecium of Abrothallus remains unclear. They have often been described as paraphyses (e.g. de Notaris 1846; Kotte 1909;Diederich 2004;Suija 2006), but in a few descriptions they have been designated paraphysoids (Nordin 1964;Hawksworth 1983;Hafellner 1994;Wedin 1994) or have not been named at all (Hafellner et al. 2008). Therefore the development of the hamathecium in this genus requires further investigation. ...
This study provides new insights on the phylogenetic position of the lichenicolous fungal genus Abrothallus based on six molecular markers (nuSSU, nuLSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-α). In a broad-scale analysis, we detected high support for inclusion of the genus within Dothideomycetes. A further analysis provided support for Abrothallus as a member of the subclass Pleosporomycetidae as a sister group of Jahnulales, an order of aquatic Dothideomycetes. Given the exclusive characters of this group of apotheciate fungi within the Dothidiomycetes, a new monotypic order Abrothallales is here introduced together with the new family Abrothallaceae. In a multi-locus analysis (based on the six loci indicated above plus ITS) restricted to 12 putative Abrothallus species, two clearly separated clades were observed: one comprising species growing on lichens of the families Parmeliaceae and Ramalinaceae, and the second including species that live on lichens of the order Peltigerales and the family Cladoniaceae.
... With regard to other coelomycete genera with lichenicolous species lacking conidiophores and with hyaline, aseptate conidia, the fungus on Psoroma hypnorum has to be compared with species of Asterophoma D. Hawksw., Bachmanniomyces D. Hawksw., Briancoppinsia Diederich, Ertz et al., Diederichia D. Hawksw., Epicladonia D. Hawksw., Lawalreea Diederich, Minuto-phoma D. Hawksw., Pseudoseptoria Speg., Subhysteropycnis Wedin & Hafellner, and Vouauxiomyces Dyko & D. Hawksw. (Hawksworth & Dyko 1979;Sutton 1980;Hawksworth 1981Hawksworth , 2003Diederich 1990;Wedin 1994;Etayo & Diederich 1996;Wedin & Hafellner 1998;Ihlen & Wedin 2005;Etayo & Sancho 2008;Etayo 2010;Diederich et al. 2012;Zhurbenko & Tugi 2013). Asterophoma can be distinguished from Phoma psoromatis by its conidioma wall composed of extremely attenuated cells projecting at the exterior, occasionally biphialidic conidiogenous cells, and subcylindrical conidia rounded at both ends; Bachmanniomyces is characterized by its holoblastic, annellate conidiogenous cells; Briancoppinsia has a K+ dark olivaceous pycnidial wall of textura intricata, I+ and K/I+ red pycnidial gel and short ampulliform conidiogenous cells; the conidiogenous cells in Diederichia are ampulliform, often indistinct, and the conidia are cylindrical, ellipsoid or irregularly shaped and obtuse at both ends; Epicladonia has holoblastic, annellate conidiogenous cells, its conidia are sometimes 1septate and genuine conidiophores are sometimes present; Lawalreea forms conidiomata without ostioles and falciform conidia; Minutophoma is characterized by conidiogenous cells forming the lower part of the pycnidial wall, often pale brown at the base, and subcylindrical conidia rounded at both ends; Pseudoseptoria has holoblastic, annellate conidiogenous cells and falcate, fusiform or cymbiform conidia; Subhysteropycnis differs in having usually densely aggregated conidiomata with irregularly rounded, elongated or slit-like ostioles, K+ dark green wall and I+ red, K/I+ blue pycnidial gel, bacilliform conidia, and is a gall inducer; Vouauxiomyces is quite distinct in having holoblastic, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and sometimes weakly echinulate and occasionally slightly pigmented conidia. ...
The new lichenicolous genus Ameroconium (dematiaceous hyphomycetes), with its type species A. cladoniae and the new lichenicolous species Phoma psoromatis (pycnidial coelomycetes), are described, discussed and illustrated. Phoma lobariae is recorded for the first time from the Arctic, Russia and Asia on Lobaria linita.
... With regard to other coelomycete genera with lichenicolous species lacking conidiophores and with hyaline, aseptate conidia, the fungus on Psoroma hypnorum has to be compared with species of Asterophoma D. Hawksw., Bachmanniomyces D. Hawksw., Briancoppinsia Diederich, Ertz et al., Diederichia D. Hawksw., Epicladonia D. Hawksw., Lawalreea Diederich, Minuto-phoma D. Hawksw., Pseudoseptoria Speg., Subhysteropycnis Wedin & Hafellner, and Vouauxiomyces Dyko & D. Hawksw. (Hawksworth & Dyko 1979;Sutton 1980;Hawksworth 1981Hawksworth , 2003Diederich 1990;Wedin 1994;Etayo & Diederich 1996;Wedin & Hafellner 1998;Ihlen & Wedin 2005;Etayo & Sancho 2008;Etayo 2010;Diederich et al. 2012;Zhurbenko & Tugi 2013). Asterophoma can be distinguished from Phoma psoromatis by its conidioma wall composed of extremely attenuated cells projecting at the exterior, occasionally biphialidic conidiogenous cells, and subcylindrical conidia rounded at both ends; Bachmanniomyces is characterized by its holoblastic, annellate conidiogenous cells; Briancoppinsia has a K+ dark olivaceous pycnidial wall of textura intricata, I+ and K/I+ red pycnidial gel and short ampulliform conidiogenous cells; the conidiogenous cells in Diederichia are ampulliform, often indistinct, and the conidia are cylindrical, ellipsoid or irregularly shaped and obtuse at both ends; Epicladonia has holoblastic, annellate conidiogenous cells, its conidia are sometimes 1septate and genuine conidiophores are sometimes present; Lawalreea forms conidiomata without ostioles and falciform conidia; Minutophoma is characterized by conidiogenous cells forming the lower part of the pycnidial wall, often pale brown at the base, and subcylindrical conidia rounded at both ends; Pseudoseptoria has holoblastic, annellate conidiogenous cells and falcate, fusiform or cymbiform conidia; Subhysteropycnis differs in having usually densely aggregated conidiomata with irregularly rounded, elongated or slit-like ostioles, K+ dark green wall and I+ red, K/I+ blue pycnidial gel, bacilliform conidia, and is a gall inducer; Vouauxiomyces is quite distinct in having holoblastic, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and sometimes weakly echinulate and occasionally slightly pigmented conidia. ...
The new lichenicolous genus Ameroconium (dematiaceous hyphomycetes), with its type species A. cladoniae and the new lichenicolous species Phoma psoromatis (pycnidial coelomycetes), are described, discussed and illustrated. Phoma lobariae is recorded for the first time from the Arctic, Russia and Asia on Lobaria linita
... Amongst the lichenicolous coelomycetes with hyaline to sometimes pale coloured aseptate conidia the type species Epinephroma kamchatica should be Etayo & Diederich 1996;Hawksworth 1981;Hawksworth & Dyko 1979;Ihlen & Wedin 2005;Kocourkova & Hawksworth 2008;Sutton 1980;Wedin 1994). None of these has a clypeus. ...
Fifty-one species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Kamchatka, all but three being new to the area. Epinephroma gen. nov., Endococcus peltigericola sp. nov. (on Peltigera membranacea), Epinephroma kamchatica sp. nov. (on Nephroma parile) and Stigmidium buelliae sp. nov. (on Buellia disciformis) are described as new to science. Phoma lobariicola is new to Asia and Russia, Epicladonia stenospora, Plectocarpon peltigerae, Sphaerellothecium propinquellum and Tremella cetrariicola are new to Asia, Zwackhiomyces sphinctrinoides is new to Russia.
