Fig 3 - uploaded by Mariana C Diogo
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(A) Axial non-contrast CT demonstrates interval hyperdensity within the left caudate and lentiform nucleus (arrow) which respects the neuroanatomic boundaries of the basal ganglia without associated edema. There is hyperintensity of the same areas on T1WI (B, D), with normal SI on T2WI (C).
Source publication
Learning objectives:
- To review the main imaging patterns of central nervous system (CNS) injury occurring in the setting of acquired metabolic and hydroelectrolytic disorders. - To illustrate the imaging spectrum of these pathologies, primarily by magnetic resonance (MR) but also by computer tomography (CT).
Background:
As in diseases due to inbo...
Citations
... According to recent data from Diogo, et al. (2015), metabolic and electrolyte disorders in newborns cause damage to the CNS, preferably originating in the deep region of the gray matter, with less involvement of the white matter and cortical regions. These lesions are typically bilateral and symmetrical, with the exception of non-keto hyperglycemia, which is typically unilateral [32]. ...
... According to recent data from Diogo, et al. (2015), metabolic and electrolyte disorders in newborns cause damage to the CNS, preferably originating in the deep region of the gray matter, with less involvement of the white matter and cortical regions. These lesions are typically bilateral and symmetrical, with the exception of non-keto hyperglycemia, which is typically unilateral [32]. Neurological disorders in newborns will be briefly discussed next. ...
Severe prematurity at birth is an indicator of additional attention for the multidisciplinary team, since the newborn in this condition did not have the opportunity to develop organic systems under ideal conditions (intrauterine). Several factors may induce premature birth, malformation of organs or metabolic disruptions, however, additional attention has been given to inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and deficiency/excess of key nutrients. Although relatively rare, IEM are detected in increasingly varied spectra and its importance in the proper fetal development has grown significantly. Variations in nutrient availability are also relate to the functional development of complex structures at the end of fetal development, playing a key role in critical periods of growth. Recent data indicate that an adequate supply of macro and micronutrients during pregnancy may be crucial to the survival of newborns, especially those subject to IEM. The use of parenteral nutrition (PN) in deep affected patients has grown significantly in recent years, and its presence has reduced intensely the morbidity/mortality levels among affected infants. Therapy with PN, however, entails risks to the health of newborns, by either chronic nutritional deficiencies, organ exhaustion or systemic infections. This review aimed to discuss progresses and issues encountered in the treatment of newborns with premature PN.
