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A, A'. Habit. B. Cross section of stem. C. Cauline leaf. D. Bract. E. Sepal. F. Flower. G. Petal. H. Stamen. I. Pistil. J. Loculicidal dehiscence of capsules. K. Capsules. L. Seed.
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Citations
... There are 657 species of Onagraceae Juss. worldwide (Wagner et al. 2007;Chung et al. 2017), and the family is divided into two subfamilies, Onagroideae W. L. Wagner & Hoch and Ludwigioideae W. L. Wagner & Hoch (Wagner et al. 2007). The two subfamilies can be easily distinguished by the characteristics of sepals, and Onagroideae have two or four (rarely three) sepals, which are deciduous, while Ludwigioideae have usually three to four, and those are persistent. ...
... It is widely distributed worldwide, but most taxa are located in temperate regions. They grow in wetlands or open habitat; however, some species are also found in forests (Seavey and Solomon 1984;Kraj sek et al. 2009;Chung et al. 2017). Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. ...
We determined the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. The genome is 161,284 bp in length [including a large single copy (LSC): 89,063 bp; a small single copy (SSC): 17,323 bp; and two inverted repeat (IR) regions: 27,499 bp] with 38.1% GC content and contains 84 coding genes (CDS), 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Among them, infA was annotated as a pseudogene. The maximum-likelihood analysis based on CDS sequences of chloroplast genomes was conducted for investigating the phylogenetic relationship among Epilobium and related species. The results showed a close relationship between E. parviflorum and E. hirsutum L. Our study added new genetic information of E. parviflorum and helped to understand the relationship with related species and evolutionary history in Onagraceae.
... Whether it is native to Korea, however, remains uncertain. Epilobium L. is the largest genus in the family Onagraceae, with approximately 160 species distributed around the world (Chen et al., 1992 (Lee et al., 2013;Chung et al., 2017). We discovered Epilobium parviflorum Schreb., which grows naturally on several islands of Jeollanam-do. ...
i>Leuzea chinensis (S. Moore) Susanna (Asteraceae), a previously unrecorded species in Korea, was found in Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Symplocos nakaharae (Hayata) Masam. (Symplocaceae), which had been recorded in the literature but whose native habitat was yet to be identified, was found in Geojedo Island, Gyeongsangnam-do. It was confirmed that Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. (Onagraceae) grew naturally on the islands of Jeollanam-do. Detailed morphological descriptions and geographical distribution of the three taxa are provided.
... Epilobium hirsutum L. grows upright up to about at least 1 m, and the leaves on the stem are in narrow oval shapes (Chung et al. 2017). The stem is thickly developed, and the base is lignified (Shamsi and Whitehead 1974). ...
... Many of these new species show a limited distributional range. They were found from extensive fieldwork in remote areas that were previously inaccessible or rarely visited (Kim and Byrne, 2006;Sobral and Stehmann, 2009;Do et al., 2019;Kim et al., 2019;Kang et al., 2021) or from detailed molecular and morphological analyses, in which a new species was a collection of a few populations that had been recognized as part of more widely distributed species (Chung et al., 2017;Choi et al., 2019;Han et al., 2019;Nam et al., 2020). These newly described species are often endemic to a certain area with a small number of populations that are not thoroughly evaluated on conservation lists such as International Union for Conservation of Nature's red list or a similar list at the local level (National Institute of Biological Resources, 2012). ...
Halenia coreana is an endangered, endemic species that is distributed in only a few locations in Korea, such as Mts. Hwaaksan and Daeamsan. It has been recently segregated from H. corniculata, broadly distributed in cold temperate regions that include northern Japan, the Russian Far East, northeastern China, Mongolia, and eastern Europe, where population sizes are usually large. To examine the genetic diversity of H. coreana and evaluate the level of genetic differentiation of the species compared with that of H. corniculata, we surveyed 183 candidate simple sequence repeats (SSR) motif markers for H. coreana and H. corniculata from sequence data of amplified fragments of a specific length in the genome. A total of 17 genomic-SSR markers were selected to examine the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation using 17 samples of H. coreana and 60 samples of three populations of H. corniculata. The results here suggest that the genetic diversity of H. coreana is very low with a high frequency of inbreeding within its population. We found that H. coreana is genetically differentiated from H. corniculata, supporting the recognition of the geographically isolated H. coreana as a distinct species.
... relationship within the 'xerophytic' clade and sectional relationship among Boisduvalia, Zauschneria, and Currania) require additional study based on extensive sampling within the genus and additional plastid and independent nuclear markers. In Korea, a total of 12 species of Epilobium are currently recognized (National List of Species of Korea 2018), including one recently described insular endemic E. ulleungensis on Ulleung Island (Chung et al. 2017). Neither phylogenetic relationships nor complete chloroplast genome sequences is available among species of Epilobium in Korea. ...
The first complete chloroplast genome sequences of Korean endemic Epilobium in Ulleung Island, Epilobium ulleungensis, were reported in this study. The E. ulleungensis plastome was 160,912 bp long, with the large single copy (LSC) region of 88,915 bp, the small single copy (SSC) region of 17,327 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 27,335 bp. The plastome contained 131 genes, including 84 protein-coding, eight ribosomal RNA, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content was 36.5%. Phylogenetic analysis of nine representative plastomes within the family Onagraceae suggests strongly that E. ulleungensis is sister to the clade containing species of Oenothera in tribe Onagreae.
Following recent taxonomic, distributional, and nomenclatural revisions, an updated checklist of the endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula is needed. This study provides an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to the Korean Peninsula and describes their distribution within administrative provinces. The revised checklist includes 373 endemic taxa (304 species, six subspecies, 49 varieties, and 14 nothospecies) from 179 genera and 64 families, representing 9.5% of the total native flora of the Korean Peninsula. Asteraceae (41 taxa), Ranunculaceae (29 taxa), Liliaceae s.l. (24 taxa), and Rosaceae (22 taxa) were the most widely represented families. Compared with the previous most recent checklist published in 2017, 39 taxa were excluded from the checklist: one taxon was excluded because it did not have a valid published name; seven taxa were excluded because their natural habitat extended to neighboring countries; four taxa were excluded because they were treated as rank form; and 27 taxa were excluded because they have been identified as heterotypic synonyms of taxa distributed outside the Korean Peninsula. 52 new taxa have been included, based on the literature. This checklist will help to focus conservation efforts and provide a framework for research, conservation, and policy implementation for these endemic taxa.
The native vascular plants on Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands in Korea were investigated with the objective of determining conservation priorities and establishing a sustainable strategy for conservation of the plant species diversity. Total of 2,058 voucher specimens collected were identified and listed the diversity of plant species of each islands. And the species composition, life forms, and rare and endemic species were characterized with respect to plant species list. The vascular plants native to Ulleungdo island were surveyed 494 taxa in total comprising 102 families, 306 genera, 427 species, 6 subspecies, 57 varieties, 5 forma, and 1 hybrid. Among these, the distribution of 30 taxa was newly identified. On Dokdo island, 58 taxa were recorded comprising 28 families, 49 genera, 47 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 hybrid. The 496 and 58 taxa of vascular plants native to Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands were classified based on the genera of vascular of Korea (F.K.E.C. 2007), respectively. We provide details on those endangered plants characterized by small population sizes and numbers, and discuss measures for the conservation of plant species diversity on Ulleungdo and Dokdo island, with respect to these endangered plants in particular and to the native plants in general.
