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Figs 76–80. Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa. Figs 76, 77. Conidiophores with a swollen base and a penicillate fertile apex. Figs 78, 79. Close-up of the fertile apex with developing conidia. Fig. 80. Conidia. Figs 81–83. Trichocladium englandense. Figs 81, 82. Conidia on natural substratum. Fig. 83. A detached conidium.
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Nine ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycete and 15 mitosporic fungi are reported from submerged wood, collected from a single English river site. Ascotaiwania pallida, Neta angliae and Trichocladium englandense spp. nov. and Frigidispora colnensis gen. & sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Most of the species present on the submerged wood appear to have...
Citations
... Stachybotrys has been linked to the sexual genera Melanopsamma (Castlebury et al. 2004;Tang et al. 2007;Wang et al. 2015) and Ornatispora (Hyde and Goh 1999;Whitton et al. 2012;Wang et al. 2015). The sexual morph of M. pomiformis (type species) is linked to S. albipes and this was confirmed by ITS sequence analysis of Wang et al. (2015). ...
... Therefore, Wang et al. (2015) synonymized Melanopsamma under Stachybotrys. The sexual genus Ornatispora was introduced by Hyde and Goh (1999), they introduced O. taiwanensis with a Stachybotrys asexual state. In addition, Whitton et al. (2012) The sexual morphs of Stachybotrys are characterized by perithecial, stromatic, ksubglobose to obpyriform, black ascomata with setae irregularly arranged over the surface, clavate, 8-spored asci with a refractive apical ring and cylindrical, 1-septate, subhyaline, verrucose, ascospores with slightly tapering apices, surrounded by a thick mucoid sheath (Lombard et al. 2015). ...
Hypocreomycetidae is a highly diverse group with species from various habitats. This subclass has been reported as pathogenic, endophytic, parasitic, saprobic, fungicolous, lichenicolous, algicolous, coprophilous and insect fungi from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In this study, we focused on freshwater fungi of Hypocreomycetidae which resulted 41 fresh collections from China and Thailand. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 26 species that belong to two orders (Hypocreales and Microascales) and six families (Bionectriaceae, Halosphaeriaceae, Microascaceae, Nectriaceae, Sarocladiaceae and Stachybotryaceae). Ten new species are introduced and 13 new habitats and geographic records are reported. Mariannaea superimposita, Stachybotrys chartarum and S. chlorohalonatus are recollected from freshwater habitats in China. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequences data, Emericellopsis is transferred to Hypocreales genera incertae sedis; Pseudoacremonium is transferred to Bionectriaceae; Sedecimiella is placed in Nectriaceae; Nautosphaeria and Tubakiella are excluded from Halosphaeriaceae and placed in Microascales genera incertae sedis; and Faurelina is excluded from Hypocreomycetidae. Varicosporella is placed under Atractium as a synonym of Atractium. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates showed that Ascocodina, Campylospora, Cornuvesica and Xenodactylariaceae form distinct lineages in Hypocreomycetidae and they evolved in the family/order time frame. Hence, a new order (Xenodactylariales) and three new families (Ascocodinaceae, Campylosporaceae and Cornuvesicaceae) are introduced based on phylogenetic analysis, divergence time estimations and morphological characters. Ancestral character state analysis is performed for different habitats of Hypocreomycetidae including freshwater, marine and terrestrial taxa. The result indicates that marine and freshwater fungi evolved independently from terrestrial ancestors. The results further support those early diverging clades of this subclass, mostly comprising terrestrial taxa and freshwater and marine taxa have been secondarily derived, while the crown clade (Nectriaceae) is represented in all three habitats. The evolution of various morphological adaptations towards their habitual changes are also discussed.
... Silva et al. (2019) found that the genus Beltrania occurred both in streams and lakes environments, and this was confirmed in the present study. Originally, Xylomyces pusillus was found on lignicolous substrates from aquatic environments (Goos et al. 1977;Goh et al. 1997;Hyde and Goh 1999). However, as in the present study, Silva and Gusmão (2015) observed X. pusillus in submerged leaf substrate in streams. ...
Aquatic hyphomycetes decompose submerged detritus in aquatic ecosystems making organic matter more nutritious and palatable for consumption by aquatic invertebrates. They can be classified into three ecological groups based on their morphology and form of sporulation: aero-aquatic fungi, facultative aquatic fungi and Ingoldian fungi. The current study provides an inventory of aquatic hyphomycetes associated with submerged debris (leaves and twigs) of streams and lakes in the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte. In addition, new records for the area are described. Substrate collections were carried out in eight streams and two lakes. Two methodologies were used for the analysis of decomposing substrates: moist chamber and submerged incubation. Seventy-seven taxa were found, distributed in 49 genera of aquatic hyphomycetes associated with plant debris in water bodies of the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte. Sixteen taxa are new records for Rio Grande do Norte, two are new records for Brazil (Gyrothrix encephalarti and Triscelophorus konajensis) and one for the Americas (Flagellospora minuta). The study demonstrated a high species richness of aquatic hyphomycetes for the Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Norte and can serve as a model for studies on the conservation of Funga in these areas.
... There are many studies on lignicolous freshwater fungi from streams in tropical and temperate regions, involving species diversity and community differences, which indicate that taxa in temperate and tropical rivers rarely overlap (Hyde and Goh 1999;Cai et al. 2003c). Hyde et al. (2016a) reviewed the lignicolous freshwater fungi in Asia/Australia, attempted to study the distribution of fungi along the north-south latitude gradient. ...
Yunnan Province is one of the rich biodiversity hotspots with abundant resources of lignicolous freshwater fungi. A total of 281 species of lignicolous freshwater fungi from 1986 to the present in Yunnan Province. They are mostly distributed in the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, a few species in the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes, and rarely reported in Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes. Lignicolous freshwater fungi can decompose lignocellulose substrates and release energy and nutrients, and thus playing an important role in freshwater environment. This study briefly reviewed the biodiversity and taxonomic status of lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan, the ecological functions of lignicolous freshwater fungi, factors affecting community distribution, application status, and research difficulties.
... defined freshwater ascomycetes as fungi which colonise wood and other dead plant material in freshwater habitats. Lignicolous freshwater fungi comprise of meiosporic and mitosporic ascomycetes and are important decomposers of dead plant material in aquatic habitats , 1999, Raja et al. 2018. Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes are the most speciose classes of lignicolous freshwater fungi (Shearer et al. 2014, Cai et al. 2014, Hyde et al. 2020b). ...
During an ongoing study of freshwater fungi colonising decaying submerged wood in Egypt, two species of Canalisporium, namely C. grenadoideum and C. jinghongense, were recorded for the first time in Egypt and Africa. These two species are described and illustrated herein. The conidial morphology of the two species was compared with that of others elsewhere in the world. The asexual morph of C. grenadoideum was recorded and described for the first time on natural substrate in the present study. A key to Canalisporium species in Egypt is provided.
... On dead decaying submerged wood Yang et al., 2016 Ascotaiwania hsilio F Decaying wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania hughesii On decorticated wood submerged in lake Fallah et al., 1999 Ascotaiwania licualae F Dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 Ascotaiwania lignicola F Deadwood Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania mauritiana F Prop root of Pandanus palustris Dulymamode et al., 2001 Ascotaiwania mitriformis F Submerged wood Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998 Ascotaiwania pallida F Wood submerged in a river Hyde and Goh, 1999 Ascotaiwania palmicola F Dead Iriartea rachis Hyde, 1995 Ascotaiwania pennisetorum F On standing senescent culms of Pennisetum purpureum Wong and Hyde, 2001 Ascotaiwania sawadae F Wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania wulai F Decaying twigs submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Canalisporium Bussaban et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium dehongense F Submerged wood in a small river Hyde et al., unpublished Canalisporium elegans T Rotten branch Goh et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium exiguum F Submerged wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium grenadoideum F Deadwood of Wrightia tomentosa submerged in a stream Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010 Canalisporium jinghongensis F Submerged wood Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium kenyense T Rotten wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium krabiense T Leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium microsporum T Rotten wood Zhao et al., 2012 Canalisporium nigrum T The rotten sheath of palm: Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium pallidum F Submerged wood: Hong Kong Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium panamense F Decorticated wood submerged in river Ferrer and Shearer, 2005 Canalisporium pulchrum T Rotten branch Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium thailandensis T Dead leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. ...
... Initially, Ascotaiwania comprised taxa with only 7-septate ascospore (Sivanesan and Chang, 1992). Later, taxa with 3-or 5-septate ascospores were accepted in the genus, i.e., A. hsilio, A. hughesii, A. palmicola, A. pallida, A. pennisetorum, A. persoonii, and A. sawada (Chang et al., 1998) and subsequently, A. mauritiana, A. mitriformis, and A. wulai (Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998;Fallah et al., 1999;Hyde and Goh, 1999;Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017). However, A. persoonii was synonymized under Pseudoascotaiwania persoonii within the order Fuscosporellales by Yang et al. (2016). ...
... On dead decaying submerged wood Yang et al., 2016 Ascotaiwania hsilio F Decaying wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania hughesii On decorticated wood submerged in lake Fallah et al., 1999 Ascotaiwania licualae F Dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 Ascotaiwania lignicola F Deadwood Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania mauritiana F Prop root of Pandanus palustris Dulymamode et al., 2001 Ascotaiwania mitriformis F Submerged wood Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998 Ascotaiwania pallida F Wood submerged in a river Hyde and Goh, 1999 Ascotaiwania palmicola F Dead Iriartea rachis Hyde, 1995 Ascotaiwania pennisetorum F On standing senescent culms of Pennisetum purpureum Wong and Hyde, 2001 Ascotaiwania sawadae F Wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania wulai F Decaying twigs submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Canalisporium Bussaban et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium dehongense F Submerged wood in a small river Hyde et al., unpublished Canalisporium elegans T Rotten branch Goh et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium exiguum F Submerged wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium grenadoideum F Deadwood of Wrightia tomentosa submerged in a stream Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010 Canalisporium jinghongensis F Submerged wood Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium kenyense T Rotten wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium krabiense T Leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium microsporum T Rotten wood Zhao et al., 2012 Canalisporium nigrum T The rotten sheath of palm: Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium pallidum F Submerged wood: Hong Kong Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium panamense F Decorticated wood submerged in river Ferrer and Shearer, 2005 Canalisporium pulchrum T Rotten branch Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium thailandensis T Dead leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. ...
... Initially, Ascotaiwania comprised taxa with only 7-septate ascospore (Sivanesan and Chang, 1992). Later, taxa with 3-or 5-septate ascospores were accepted in the genus, i.e., A. hsilio, A. hughesii, A. palmicola, A. pallida, A. pennisetorum, A. persoonii, and A. sawada (Chang et al., 1998) and subsequently, A. mauritiana, A. mitriformis, and A. wulai (Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998;Fallah et al., 1999;Hyde and Goh, 1999;Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017). However, A. persoonii was synonymized under Pseudoascotaiwania persoonii within the order Fuscosporellales by Yang et al. (2016). ...
... On dead decaying submerged wood Yang et al., 2016 Ascotaiwania hsilio F Decaying wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania hughesii On decorticated wood submerged in lake Fallah et al., 1999 Ascotaiwania licualae F Dead petiole of Licuala ramsayi Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 Ascotaiwania lignicola F Deadwood Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania mauritiana F Prop root of Pandanus palustris Dulymamode et al., 2001 Ascotaiwania mitriformis F Submerged wood Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998 Ascotaiwania pallida F Wood submerged in a river Hyde and Goh, 1999 Ascotaiwania palmicola F Dead Iriartea rachis Hyde, 1995 Ascotaiwania pennisetorum F On standing senescent culms of Pennisetum purpureum Wong and Hyde, 2001 Ascotaiwania sawadae F Wood submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Ascotaiwania wulai F Decaying twigs submerged in a stream Chang et al., 1998 Canalisporium Bussaban et al., 2001;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium dehongense F Submerged wood in a small river Hyde et al., unpublished Canalisporium elegans T Rotten branch Goh et al., 1998;Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium exiguum F Submerged wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium grenadoideum F Deadwood of Wrightia tomentosa submerged in a stream Sri-indrasutdhi et al., 2010 Canalisporium jinghongensis F Submerged wood Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium kenyense T Rotten wood Goh et al., 1998 Canalisporium krabiense T Leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. Tibpromma et al., 2018 Canalisporium microsporum T Rotten wood Zhao et al., 2012 Canalisporium nigrum T The rotten sheath of palm: Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium pallidum F Submerged wood: Hong Kong Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium panamense F Decorticated wood submerged in river Ferrer and Shearer, 2005 Canalisporium pulchrum T Rotten branch Zhang et al., 2014 Canalisporium thailandensis T Dead leaf sheath of Pandanus sp. ...
... Initially, Ascotaiwania comprised taxa with only 7-septate ascospore (Sivanesan and Chang, 1992). Later, taxa with 3-or 5-septate ascospores were accepted in the genus, i.e., A. hsilio, A. hughesii, A. palmicola, A. pallida, A. pennisetorum, A. persoonii, and A. sawada (Chang et al., 1998) and subsequently, A. mauritiana, A. mitriformis, and A. wulai (Ranghoo and Hyde, 1998;Fallah et al., 1999;Hyde and Goh, 1999;Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2017). However, A. persoonii was synonymized under Pseudoascotaiwania persoonii within the order Fuscosporellales by Yang et al. (2016). ...
Morpho-molecular and molecular clock analyses were conducted on Savoryellaceae in order to understand the placements of taxa in this family. Ascotaiwania and Neoascotaiwania formed a well-supported monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic analyses of concatenated partial 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, transcription elongation factor 1-α and RNA polymerase II gene data. These two genera share similar morphological features, especially in their asexual morphs, indicating that they are congeneric. Hence, we synonymize Neoascotaiwania under Ascotaiwania. Ascotaiwania hughesii (and its asexual morph, Helicoon farinosum) and Monotosporella setosa grouped in a clade sister to Pleurotheciales and are excluded from Ascotaiwania which becomes monophyletic. A novel genus Helicoascotaiwania is introduced to accommodate Ascotaiwania hughesii and its asexual morph, Helicoon farinosum. A novel species, Savoryella yunnanensis is introduced from a freshwater habitat in Yunnan Province, China. Comprehensive descriptions and morphographs are provided for taxa in this family. In addition, we provide evolutionary divergence estimates for Savoryellomycetidae taxa and major marine based taxa to support our phylogenetic and morphological investigations. The taxonomic placement of these marine-based taxa is briefly discussed. Our results indicate that the most basal group of marine-based taxa are represented within Lulworthiales, which diverged from ancestral Sordariomycetes around 149 MYA (91–209) and Savoryellomycetidae around 213 MYA (198–303)
... HdV-729 (MM-101) has been reported previously in connection with an increase in Juncus seed abundance (Bakker and Smeerdijk 1982), which is also the situation in the present study. Trichocladium represents a fungal genus reported to grow abundantly on submerged wood (Hyde and Goh 1999) and is, together with HdV-729, peaking in sub-zone 3b and 3c under mesic fen conditions. Their co-correlation with the unidentified spores MM-19, MM-223 and MM-291 might indicate that these as well are of autochthonous origin. ...
The addition of non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) to pollen analytical studies has improved the interpretational frame, especially concerning the local regime in anthropogenically disturbed environments. Using advanced ordination techniques this paper explores the variation of NPP-assemblages and the indicative value of individual NPP-types by comparison to independent classical proxies. Sediment samples from a forest hollow at Tårup Lund, Denmark, covering the last 5,500 years, were prepared for NPP-analysis using a non-aggressive procedure. Correlations between non-pollen palynomorphs and sediment, pollen and macrofossil inferred environmental explanatory variables were studied based on a constant counting sum of NPPs. This approach identified main drivers influencing NPP assemblage composition and indicated that a change in these drivers occurred at the onset of the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Twelve known and 12 specific, but so far unknown, NPPs correlating with the environmental variables were identified and their possible indicator value presented. The mild preparation procedure resulted in a very large dataset allowing for sub-assemblages to be explored separately. This approach indicated the potential for identifying further environmental indicators among these groups.
... Callimorpha rather than D. fuegiana. Dictyochaeta has been recorded from England, Malaysia, Brazil and Thailand etc. (Kuthubutheen 1987, Kuthubutheen & Nawawi 1991, Hyde & Goh 1999, Silva & Gusmão 2013. Godeas et al. (1977) treated Codinaea Maire as synonym of Dictyochaeta. ...
During our ongoing investigations of freshwater fungi in Thailand, three new chaetosphaeriaceous species, Chloridium aquaticum, Chloridium aseptatum and Dictyochaeta aquatica, were found on submerged wood in freshwater habitats. To determine their placement, a phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data was performed. Chloridium aquaticum is the only species having proliferating conidiophores and holoblastic conidiogenous cell in Chloridium. A detailed description and illustrations of the taxa is provided and phylogenetic relationship between the new taxa and their relatives are compared and discussed.
... The lignicolous freshwater fungi are highly diverse in the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes (Jeewon et al. 2003;Hyde et al. 2013;Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016). There are a few freshwater taxa that belong to Eurotiomycetes (Liu et al. 2015a), Orbiliomycetes (Swe et al. 2009) and Basidiomycetes are rarely (Hyde & Goh, 1999;Jones et al. 2014) collected from submerged wood in freshwater habitats. There have been some studies on lignicolous freshwater fungi in Yunnan Province, China (Cai et al. 2002a;Luo et al. 2004Luo et al. , 2016aLiu et al. 2015a;Su et al. 2015Su et al. , 2016aZhu et al. 2016); however, there have been no Pleurotheciaceae species reported so far. ...
The diversity of lignicolous freshwater fungi of the Greater Mekong Subregion are currently being studied. In this paper, 18 fresh collections of Pleurotheciaceae from submerged wood in freshwater are characterized based on morphological characters and analyses of ITS, LSU, SSU and RPB2 sequence data. Six new species of Pleurotheciella (P. aquatica, P. fusiformis, P. guttulata, P. lunata, P. saprophytica, P. submersa), one new Phaeoisaria species (Ph. aquatica) and one new Pleurothecium species (Pl. aquaticum) are introduced based on their distinct morphology and evidence from molecular phylogeny. Pleurotheciella uniseptata, Phaeoisaria clematidis and Pleurothecium pulneyense are also redescribed and phylogenetic relationships assessed herein, these species are the first records for China.
