Figs 5-8 - uploaded by Fwu-Ling Lee
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Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis (BCRC 33883), 5. sporangium; 6. rhizoid; 7. columella; 8. sporangiospores, Bar = 20 μm.
Source publication
Peka (local name) is traditionally used as the commercial wine starter and as fermented food, tien-chiu-niang (local language), with alcoholic sweet taste and a fruit flavor in Taiwan. Fourteen samples from traditional markets and wine manufacturers were collected and isolated seventeen predominant filamentous fungi from peka. They were identified...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... & Stalpers. (Figs. 5-8) MEA, 25°C, colonies whitish when young, dark brown when aged; stolons hyaline to pale brown, 4-7 μm in width; rhizoids simple, pale brown; sporangiophores erect, pale brown to brown, 7.0-12.5 × 180-420 μm; sporangia glo- bose, dark brown, 80-110(-140) μm in diame- ter; columellae subglobose to ovoid, pale , with collars, pale brown, ...
Citations
... The cellulose-producing strains were grown on Czapek-Dox agar, PDA, and malt extract agar media for morphological identification (John and Brett 2006; Barnett and Hunter 1994;Moubasher 1993;Chen et al. 2007;Ismail et al. 2015;Leslie and Summerell 2008). ...
In this study, novel cellulolytic fungal strains were isolated, purified, and identified. The ability of these isolates to biodegrade cellulosic materials was examined. The potential of the isolates to produce cellulolytic enzymes and optimize the cellulose degradation process was also investigated. The nylon net bag technique was used to separate cellulose-degrading fungi from soil. A total of 37 species were isolated and tested for their capacity to break down rice straw as a cellulose source. Qualitative assays for cellulase were carried out by Congo red plate assay, while quantitative assays were carried out using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method at 546 nm. Following morphological and molecular identification, the isolates that exhibited the highest cellulase activities were identified as Neurospora intermedia (Assiut University Mycological Center (AUMC) 14359), Fusarium verticillioides (AUMC 14360), and Rhizopus oryzae (AUMC 14361). For N. intermedia, the optimal conditions for maximum activity were a 2% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) concentration, beef extract and peptone as nitrogen sources, pH 7, 30 °C, and an inoculum size of 2.5 (v/v). For F. verticillioides, the optimal conditions were 2.5% CMC concentration, yeast extract as a nitrogen source, pH 6, 30 °C, and an inoculum size of 2 (v/v). For R. oryzae, the optimal conditions were 2% CMC concentration, beef extract as a nitrogen source, pH 7, 30 °C and an inoculum size of 2.5 (v/v). The identified strains represent new starter strains with high efficiency under optimum conditions for prospective large-scale application in cellulose degradation and nanocellulose production-dependent water purification.
The increasing number of new fungal species described from all over the world along with the use of genetics to define taxa, has dramatically changed the classification system of early-diverging fungi over the past several decades. The number of phyla established for non-Dikarya fungi has increased from 2 to 17. However, to date, both the classification and phylogeny of the basal fungi are still unresolved. In this article, we review the recent taxonomy of the basal fungi and re-evaluate the relationships among early-diverging lineages of fungal phyla. We also provide information on the ecology and distribution in Mucoromycota and highlight the impact of chytrids on amphibian populations. Species concepts in Chytridiomycota , Aphelidiomycota , Rozellomycota , Neocallimastigomycota are discussed in this paper. To preserve the current application of the genus Nephridiophaga ( Chytridiomycota : Nephridiophagales ) , a new type species, Nephridiophaga blattellae , is proposed.
