Figs 44-64 - uploaded by S.M. Huhndorf
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Chaetosphaeria panamensis. 44-47. Ascomata on substrate. 48. Longitudinal section through ascoma. 49, 50, 53. Asci. 51. Section through ascomal wall. 52. Section through ascomal neck. 54, 55. Ascospores. 56, 60, 63, 64. Craspedodidymum-like conidiophores on CMA. 57, 58, 61. Aleuriospore-like cells on CMA. 59, 62. Conidia on CMA. Figs. 44-47 by photomacrography; Figs. 48-64 by DIC. Figs. 44-64 from SMH3596. Bars: 44- 47 = 200 µm; 48 = 100 µm; 49-64 = 10 µm.
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Several Chaetosphaeria species were recognised as having a distinctive ascomal wall structure and scolecosporous ascospores. Specimens fitting this description were found repeatedly in many collecting localities in temperate and tropical areas and while assignment to the overall group was easy based on the unique ascomal wall cells, determining the...
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... The family has a world-wide distribution. They are predominantly isolated from soil and plant debris, some are endophytic and have been isolated from herbaceous plants (Hughes and Kendrick 1968, Réblová 2004, Fernández and Huhndorf 2005, Huhndorf and Fernández 2005, Crous et al. 2012, Yang et al. 2018, Luo et al. 2019. In this study, the new Dictyochaeta species in the family Chaetosphaeriaceae was isolated from a freshwater environment. ...
... The family has a world-wide distribution. They are predominantly isolated from soil and plant debris, some are endophytic and have been isolated from herbaceous plants (Hughes and Kendrick 1968, Réblová 2004, Fernández and Huhndorf 2005, Huhndorf and Fernández 2005, Crous et al. 2012, Yang et al. 2018, Luo et al. 2019. In this study, the new Dictyochaeta species in the family Chaetosphaeriaceae was isolated from a freshwater environment. ...
Freshwater fungi refer to the fungi that depend on the freshwater habitats for the whole life cycle or part of their life cycle. In this context, a new aquatic hyphomycete was isolated from decaying wood in a freshwater habitat in Jiangxi Province, China.
Dictyochaeta jiangxiensis sp. nov., a new aquatic hyphomycete, is characterised by its unbranched, septate, base-fertile conidiophores with multisepta and single phialide at the apex, brown, sterile seta, monophialidic, subcylindrical conidiogenous cells narrowing below the funnel-shaped collarette, hyaline, unicellular, thin-walled, smooth, guttulate, falcate to subclavate conidia narrowly rounded at both ends with hair-like appendages. Phylogenetically, the new species Dictyochaeta jiangxiensis clustered together with Dictyochaeta brevis MFLU 19-0216 in a well-supported clade, but formed a separate branch. In order to better define the taxonomic status of the new species, a phylogenetic tree of most closely-related taxa in Chaetosphaeriaceae was established, based on multi-locus sequences (ITS and LSU). The novel species is described and illustrated. Newly-generated molecular data of Dictyochaeta jiangxiensis is also provided.
... Reblova et al. [1] validly established the Chaetosphaeriaceae to accommodate type species Chaetosphaeria Tul. and C. Tul. and their relatives, including Ascocodinaea, Melanochaeta, Melanopsammella, Porosphaerella, Porosphaerellopsis and Striatosphaeria. Subsequently, more new taxa were added to this family [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Reviews of Chaetosphaeriaceae were provided by Lin et al. [9] and Hyde et al. [11]. ...
... and Broome ex Tul. and C. Tul. It has simple and homogeneous sexual morphs, and complex and diverse asexual morphs [3][4][5][9][10][11]19,20]. Its members have been shown to link with several asexual genera in Chaetosphaeriaceae, including Chloridium, Codinaea, Dictyochaeta and Menispora [9,21,22]. ...
... (Figure 1). Chaetosphaeria panamensis was introduced by Huhndorf and Fernández [4] with sexual and asexual morphs. Later, Chaetosphaeria panamensis was transferred to the Paragaeumannomyces (P. ...
Chaetosphaeriaceae is a genera-rich and highly diverse group of fungi with a worldwide distribution in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Eight fresh collections of Chaetosphaeriaceae were obtained during investigations of hyaline-spored hyphomycetes in China and Thailand. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU and ITS sequence dataset, Chaetosphaeria obovoidea, Codinaea aseptata, Codinaeella hyalina, Dictyochaeta guizhouensis and Paragaeumannomyces guttulatus were introduced as new species, Codinaea terminalis was reported as new host record, and Codinaea dwaya and Phialosporostilbe scutiformis were introduced as new collections. Phylogenetic analysis in this study revealed that Chaetosphaeria was polyphyletic. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of new taxa and identified species are provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree to confirm the placements of these eight new collections.
... Strains, their sources, and the GenBank accession numbers of sequences of ITS, 28S and tef1-α determined in this study are listed in Table 1. Accession numbers for sequences retrieved from GenBank and published in other studies [12,15,[28][29][30][47][48][49][50][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] are listed in Table 1 and the Supplementary File: Table S1. ...
The genus Codinaea is a phialidic, dematiaceous hyphomycete known for its intriguing morphology and turbulent taxonomic history. This polyphasic study represents a new, comprehensive view on the taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of Codinaea and its relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of three nuclear loci confirmed that Codinaea is polyphyletic. The generic concept was emended; it includes four morphotypes that contribute to its morphological complexity. Ancestral inference showed that the evolution of some traits is correlated and that these traits previously used to delimit taxa at the generic level occur in species that were shown to be congeneric. Five lineages of Codinaea-like fungi were recognized and introduced as new genera: Codinaeella, Nimesporella, Stilbochaeta, Tainosphaeriella, and Xyladelphia. Dual DNA barcoding facilitated identification at the species level. Codinaea and its segregates thrive on decaying plants, rarely occurring as endophytes or plant pathogens. Environmental ITS sequences indicate that they are common in bulk soil. The geographic distribution found using GlobalFungi database was consistent with known data. Most species are distributed in either the Holarctic realm or tropical geographic regions. The ancestral climatic zone was temperate, followed by transitions to the tropics; these fungi evolved primarily in Eurasia and Americas, with subsequent transitions to Africa and Australasia.
... Both genera are comparable in the anamorphic characteristics, so far observed only in culture. Paragaeumannomyces has been linked with a craspedodidymum-like and chloridium-like synanamorphs [72], while Ericiosphaeria forms a chloridium-like anamorph [3]. Both genera were resolved as closely related taxa. ...
The genera Menisporopsis, Multiguttulispora and Tainosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae) are saprobes inhabiting decaying plant material. This study is based on an integrated morpho-molecular characterisation to assess their generic concepts and explore phylogenetic relationships. Menisporopsis is revealed as polyphyletic, and species with 1-septate conidia and synnemata growing unilaterally along the seta are placed in the new segregate genus Arcuatospora. Codinaea dimorpha and C. triseptata are shown to be congeneric with Multiguttulispora sympodialis, the type species. Two new combinations are proposed: M. sympodialis is found conspecific with M. dimorpha. The Tainosphaeria complex is resolved into three genera. We found that the morphological separation of three groups within the genus is consistent with phylogenetic relationships. Tainosphaeria s. str. is accepted with five species. Tainosphaeria aseptata and T. lunata are transferred to the newly erected Phialoturbella, whereas T. obclavata is revealed as conspecific with Phialogeniculata guadalcanalensis, reducing it to a synonym. A new genus Flectospora is erected for a chloridium-like fungus nested in the Tainosphaeria clade. Based on molecular evidence, we show that asymmetrical, scolecosporous ascospores are a unique teleomorphic characteristic among family members. Therefore, we propose new combinations for Chaetosphaeria hispida in Paragaeumannomyces and Ch. spinosa in the new genus Ericiosphaeria, both exhibiting this rare morphotype.
... Because teleomorphs of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi are hardly distinguishable, species identification is therefore based primarily on characters of the anamorphs. Attempts to solve in part the natural status of Chaetosphaeria and its anamorphs have been ongoing since the 1970s (Gams and Holubová-Jechová 1976;Fernández et al. 1998;DiCosmo et al. 1983;Réblová and Gams 1999;Réblová 2000;Réblová and Winka 2000;Réblová and Seifert 2003;Fernández and Huhndorf 2005;Huhndorf and Fernández 2005;Fernández et al. 2006). Previous phylogenetic studies had revealed that species groupings within Chaetosphaeria are concordant with groupings based on morphological characters of their anamorphs. ...
... The present phylogenetic tree (Fig. 6) inferred from aligned ITS sequences shows a similar result of groupings: the Chloridium group comprises species of Chloridium (F1) and Gonytrichum (F2); the Gongromeriza group (Q) comprises species of Chloridium, Dictyochaeta, and Phialophora; the Kylindria group comprises species of Chloridum (M1) and Cylindrotrichum (M2); and the Menispora group comprises species of Codinaeopsis (E1), Dictyochaeta (E1, E3, E5), and Menispora (E2). Based on molecular data and cultural characters, Huhndorf and Fernández (2005) recognised a group of Chaetosphaeria species that has teleomorph-anamorph connections with some Craspedodidymum species and rarely with Chloridium-like synanamorphs. The present phylogenetic study shows the same result, with high bootstrap support on the Craspedodidymum group (P). ...
The anamorphic taxon Phaeonawawia diplocladielloidea gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from wood submerged in a freshwater stream in Malaysia. The fungus is generically distinct in the brown, short-stalked, bulbose or urceolate conidiogenous cells with a terminal pore rimmed with a flared collarette, producing large, dematiaceous, versicoloured, multi-euseptate, tetrahedral, or obpyramidal stauroconidia which bear hyaline filiform appendages at the end of the arms and enclosed by a thick, hyaline sheath. The new fungus is compared with some similar anamorphic fungi. Phylogenetic analyses by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches using the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) support the placement of this new fungus in the Chaetosphaeriaceae. The various anamorphic forms of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi are briefly discussed.
... Chaetosphaeria had been placed in the Lasiosphaeriaceae (Barr, 1990), and it is currently in the Chaetosphaeriaceae (Réblová et al., 1999) in the order Chaetosphaeriales (Huhndorf et al., 2004;Maharachchikumbura et al., 2015). As a cosmopolitan distributed genus it has been studied from both temperate and tropical regions (Hyde et al., 1999;Fernández et Huhndorf, 2005;Fernández et al., 2006;Réblová et al., 1999;Perera et al., 2016). It is frequently found growing on wood or bark of different angiosperms and gymnosperms, both in terrestrial and aquatic freshwater and marine habitats (Réblová, 2004;Fernández et al., 2006;Farr et Rossman, 2019). ...
... It is frequently found growing on wood or bark of different angiosperms and gymnosperms, both in terrestrial and aquatic freshwater and marine habitats (Réblová, 2004;Fernández et al., 2006;Farr et Rossman, 2019). Both states, sexual and asexual are frequently associated (Réblová, 2000;Fernández et Huhndorf, 2005;Huhndorf et Fernández, 2005, Ariyawansa et al. 2015, Perera et al., 2016. There have been few investigations on the genus Chaetosphaeria in Argentina. ...
... It is frequently found growing on wood or bark of different angiosperms and gymnosperms, both in terrestrial and aquatic freshwater and marine habitats (Réblová, 2004;Fernández et al., 2006;Farr et Rossman, 2019). Both states, sexual and asexual are frequently associated (Réblová, 2000;Fernández et Huhndorf, 2005;Huhndorf et Fernández, 2005, Ariyawansa et al. 2015, Perera et al., 2016. There have been few investigations on the genus Chaetosphaeria in Argentina. ...
p>Durante un estudio de la biodiversidad de micromicetes que crecen en la corteza y madera de Podocarpus parlatorei, se encontraron cuatro especies de Chaetosphaeria.
Chaetosphaeria hispida var. podocarpi, se propone como una nueva variedad. Chaetosphaeria
abietis, C. montana, C. vermicularioides se citan por primera vez para la Argentina. Se presentan descripciones, ilustraciones, comentarios, datos de distribución geográfica, hábitat y una clave dicotómica para las especies de Chaetosphaeria conocidas en Argentina.</p
... They are essential components of biodiversity and play a role in decomposition of woody and herbaceous material and leaf litter, occur in soil, and some exhibit an endophytic lifestyle and have been isolated from living herbs and trees (e.g. Gams and Holubová-Jechová 1976;Hughes and Kendrick 1968;Réblová and Gams 1999;Réblová and Seifert 2003;Réblová 2004;Fernández and Huhndorf 2005;Huhndorf and Fernández 2005;Crous et al. 2012;Hashimoto et al. 2015;Yang et al. 2018;Lin et al. 2019;Luo et al. 2019). ...
... The transfer of a scolecosporous Lasiosphaeria raciborskii (Carroll and Munk 1964) with a three-layered ascomatal wall to Chaetosphaeria by Miller and Huhndorf (2004) expanded the concept of the genus. Huhndorf and Fernández (2005) introduced another four morphologically similar species based on ITS sequence data, i.e. Ch. ellisii (= Ch. longispora), Ch. lapaziana, Ch. panamensis and Ch. ...
... Our sampling of saprobic lignicolous fungi in terrestrial biotopes in various localities in Europe, New Zealand and North America revealed several species whose morphological characters best match those of the genus Paragaeumannomyces and other scolecosporous Chaetosphaeria, i.e. Ch. albida (Atkinson et al. 2007), Ch. longispora (Barr 1993;Huhndorf and Fernández 2005) and five unknown species. We also collected additional specimens that represent new species, an unknown Codinaea (Maire 1937;Hughes and Kendrick 1968) on submerged wood and leaves in France and United Kingdom and an undescribed Striatosphaeria (Samuels and Müller 1978) on decaying bark of a woody liana in French Guiana. ...
The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including Chaetosphaeria, the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of Chaetosphaeria is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among Chaetosphaeria species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis, the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar Chaetosphaeria with craspedodidymum-and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the Chaetosphaeriaceae containing 16 species. The generic name Paragaeumannomyces is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e. P. abietinus sp. nov., P. elegans sp. nov., P. granulatus sp. nov., P. sabinianus sp. nov. and P. smokiensis sp. nov., are proposed. A key to Paragaeumannomyces is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats, Codinaea paniculata sp. nov. and Striatosphaeria castanea sp. nov., are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of S. castanea forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of Striatosphaeria. A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to Dendrophoma cytisporoides, a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of Dendrophoma, for the first time.
... Other Ceratostomella spp. were dispersed to Ceratosphaeria (Magnaporthales) (Niessl 1876, Huhndorf et al. 2008, Chaetosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriales) (Booth 1957, Huhndorf & Fern andez 2005, Daruvedia (Pyrenulales) (Dennis 1988) and Pseudorhynchia (Hypocreales) (Samuels & Barr 1997). ...
... Sporidia continua, hyalina" (Saccardo 1878a), it became a large, heterogeneous group of morphologically similar species whose highly polyphyletic nature was revealed with molecular data (e.g. , Huhndorf & Fern andez 2005, Huhndorf et al. 2008, R eblov a & St ep anek 2009, de Beer et al. 2013a, b, 2014. These studies have challenged the traditional divisions separating species in this fungal complex based on characters of ascoma anatomy, ascospore morphology (colour), branching pattern of ascogenous hyphae, and conidiogenesis. ...
The genus Ceratostomella has a long history of taxonomic confusion. While species with evanescent asci have been transferred to the Microascales and Ophiostomatales, the taxonomic status of species with persistent asci has not been completely resolved. In previous studies using DNA sequence data, cultures and morphology, several Ceratostomella spp. were allocated in 13 genera in the Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes. In our study, the systematics of the remaining Ceratostomella spp. with persistent asci is revisited with new collection data, cultures and phylogeny based on novel DNA sequences from six nuclear loci. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses support the monophyly of several wood-inhabiting species formerly classified in Ceratostomella and other unknown morphologically similar taxa and their division into four genera, i.e. Lentomitella, Spadicoides, Torrentispora and the newly described Calyptosphaeria. This robust clade represents the order Xenospadicoidales in the Sordariomycetidae. Comparative analysis of the ITS2 secondary structure revealed a genetic variation among Lentomitella isolates; 11 species were recognised, of which five are newly introduced and two are new combinations. Other taxonomic novelties include four new species and eight new combinations in Calyptosphaeria, Spadicoides, and Torrentispora. Molecular data suggest that Spadicoides is polyphyletic. The core of the genus is positioned in the Xenospadicoidales; Spadicoides s. str. is experimentally linked with sexual morphs for the first time. Based on DNA sequence data, the monotypic genera Xenospadicoides and Pseudodiplococcium are reduced to synonymy under Spadicoides, while Fusoidispora and Pseudoannulatascus are synonymised with Torrentispora. Members of the Xenospadicoidales inhabit decaying wood in terrestrial and freshwater environments and share a few morphological characters such as the absence of stromatic tissue, ascomata with a cylindrical or rostrate neck, similar anatomies of the ascomatal walls, thin-walled unitunicate asci with a non-amyloid apical annulus, disintegrating paraphyses, usually ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores and holoblastic-denticulate or tretic conidiogenesis. Revised Ceratostomella spp. with persistent asci are listed and the taxonomic status of each species is re-evaluated based on revision of the holotype and other representative material, published details and available phylogenetic data.
... In spite of these attempts for a natural classification, the debate for the classification of many anamorphic genera remains unsolved. Recent application of molecular-and culture-based analyses have helped resolving many anamorph-teleomorph connections (e.g., Crous et al. 2001Crous et al. , 2004Crous et al. , 2006Lizel et al. 2003;Seifert 2004, 2011;Huhndorf and Fernández 2005;Shenoy et al. 2007;Ertz et al. , 2013Ertz et al. , 2014Pérez-Ortega et al. 2011;Muggia et al. 2015). ...
The genus Cheiromycina is one of the few genera of lichenized hyphomycetes for which no sexual reproductive stages have been observed. The genus includes species from boreal to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere where it is found growing on bark or wood. Congeners in Cheiromycina are characterized by a noncorticate thallus, nearly immersed in the substrate and presenting powdery unpigmented sporodochia, and containing chlorococcoid photobionts. The relationships of members of Cheiromycina with other fungi are not known. Here we inferred the phylogenetic placement of Cheiromycina using three loci (nuSSU, nuLSU, and mtSSU) representing C. flabelliformis, the type species for the genus, C. petri, and C. reimeri. Our results revealed that the genus Cheiromycina is found within the family Malmideaceae (Lecanorales) where members formed a monophyletic clade sister to the genera Savoronala and Malmidea. This phylogenetic placement and the relationships of Cheiromycina with other lichenized hyphomycetous taxa are here discussed.
... Species Culture GenBank accession numbers Reference LSU ITS SSU Amphisphaeria umbrina CBS 172.96 FJ176863 AF009805 FJ176809 McTaggart et al. 2013 Annulatascus triseptatus SMH 2359, CBS 128831 AY346257 JQ429242 Miller & Huhndorf 2005 Annulatascus velatispora HKUCC 3701 AF132320 AF177150 ...
During collections of Sordariomycetes in Guizhou Province, China, we collected Iodosphaeria tongrenensis sp. nov.. It is unique in the genus because of its ellipsoidal ascospores (18.5–22.5 × 6.5–8.5 μm) with a slimy sheath covering the whole spore, and J+, wedge-shaped, ascal apical apparatus. Iodosphaeria is a monotypic genus in Iodosphaeriaceae and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data indicate that it is a distinct family in the order Xylariales.
