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6 Asexual morph of Kalmusia spartii (ex-type culture) a, b Colonies on PDA (b from below) c conidiomata d Longitudinal sections of conidiomata e Conidiomatal wall f Conidia. Scale bars: c = 100 μm, d = 50 μm, e = 20 μm, f = 5 μm
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This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa, including one new family, 10 new genera, and 76 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The new family, Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology. The family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and Rouss...
Citations
... To our knowledge, Cytospora myricicola is the first species of Cytospora discoved on the host genus Myricaria . Cytospora sibiraeicola and C. sibiraeae have been recorded from the host species Sibiraea angustata (Liu et al. 2015). Cytospora sibiraeae was described, based only on the sexual morph and is currently impossible to be distinguished from C. sibiraeicola morphologically (Liu et al. 2015). ...
... Cytospora sibiraeicola and C. sibiraeae have been recorded from the host species Sibiraea angustata (Liu et al. 2015). Cytospora sibiraeae was described, based only on the sexual morph and is currently impossible to be distinguished from C. sibiraeicola morphologically (Liu et al. 2015). However, these two species occurring on Sibiraea angustata are phylogenetically obviously distinct (Fig. 1). ...
During our biodiversity investigations in Tibet, China, typical Cytospora canker symptoms were observed on branches of hosts Myricaria paniculate, Prunus cerasifera and Sibiraea angustata. Samples were studied, based on morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, act, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequence data, which revealed two new species (Cytospora myricicolasp. nov. and C. sibiraeicolasp. nov.) and a known species (C. populina). In addition, Cytospora populina is newly discovered on the host Prunus cerasifera and in Tibet.
... Currently, some species in the Cainiaceae are monospecific, such as Longiappendispora (Mapook et al. 2020), and Paramphibambusa (this study), while Amphibambusa, and Atrotorquata each contain only two species (Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer 1993;Liu et al. 2015;Jiang et al. 2021). Hence, more samples are needed to better understand each genus. ...
... & Volkm.-Kohlm. Subsequently, Liu et al. (2015) introduced A. spartii Thambug et al. as the second species. These two species share similar morphology, but their phylogenetic relationship was not well-resolved by Liu et al. (2015). ...
... Subsequently, Liu et al. (2015) introduced A. spartii Thambug et al. as the second species. These two species share similar morphology, but their phylogenetic relationship was not well-resolved by Liu et al. (2015). Due to a lack of sequence data in GenBank, Atrotorquata clusters outside of Cainiaceae. ...
Morphological comparisons and multi locus phylogenetic analyses (base on the combined genes of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub) demonstrated that three new saprobic taxa isolated from bamboo belong to Cainiaceae. These taxa comprise a novel genus Paramphibambusa (P. bambusicolasp. nov.) and two new species, Arecophila xishuangbannaensis and A. zhaotongensis. The three new taxa belong to Cainiaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) a poorly studied family, which now comprises eight genera. Paramphibambusa can be distinguished from other Cainiaceae genera in having ascomata with a neck and ascospores lacking longitudinal striation, germ slits or germ pores. The two new Arecophila species clustered in a clade with Arecophila sp. and A. bambusae. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, and an updated phylogenetic tree are provided for the new taxa.
... Conidiogenous cells 3.4 -6.2 × 2 -3.5 μm (x = 4.8 × 3.1 μm, n = 20), short cylindric, conidiogenous holoblastic, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 1 -1.5 × 2 -3.4 μm (x = 1.2 × 2.9 μm, n = 25), oblong, ellipsoid-cylindric, aseptate, hyaline to lightly pigmented, smooth-walled [6]. Epicoccum nigrum contains colonies that are fast-growing, suede-like to downy, with a strong yellow to orange-brown diffusible pigment. ...
Los Reyes, Michoacán, Mexico, is one of the main blackberry-producing places in the world, however, the disease located at the root level has caused important economic losses. Currently has been reported that the fungus Fusarium spp., is the main causal agent but actions to control it have failed. The objective of this work was to identify the possible presence of unreported pathogenic fungi in the root system of the blackberry and identify them molecularly. It was sampled in a commercial open-air orchard from Los Reyes, pieces of roots were taken from symptomatic plants with wilting and decay. The fungi were isolated in the laboratory, identified with taxonomic keys, extraction was performed, and the sequences obtained were compared with those reported in the NCBI gene bank. Among the results obtained were Kalmusia italica, Epicoccum nigrum, Microsphaeropsis arundinis, Achizophyllum commune, and, as expected, some species of Fusarium spp.
... Species of the genus Cytospora are mainly opportunistic, being favored by trees weakened by drought, late frost or growing in bark damaged by other pathogens. They have also been reported as pathogenic fungi causing cankers on broadleaves and conifers, also known for their worldwide distribution and large host range (Adams et al. 2005(Adams et al. , 2006Fan et al. 2014aFan et al. , b, 2015Ariyawansa et al. 2015;Liu et al. 2015;Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016;Li et al. 2016;Lawrence et al. 2017Lawrence et al. , 2018Norphanphoun et al. 2017Norphanphoun et al. , 2018. Valsa friesii (teleomorph of C. pinastri) has been reported as an endophyte in senescent needles of A. alba in Switzerland (Sieber-Canavesi and Sieber 1993). ...
Abies nebrodensis is a species of fir endemic to Sicily, represented by only 30 trees in the natural population and is currently classified as critically endangered by IUCN. In such context, monitoring its health status is essential for the proper management and preservation of this species. Phytosanitary surveys of trees of the natural population of A. nebrodensis and on potted plants raised in the local forest nursery were carried out, and the phyllosphere fungal community was investigated. The health condition of trees in the natural population were fairly good, with needle reddening and blight as the most frequently observed symptoms on the foliage, while in the nursery similar disorders were registered on about the 1.3% of potted plants. Results on fungal isolations highlighted the presence of species belonging to Valsa, Cytospora (which includes anamorphs of Valsa ) and Rhizosphaera genera as the most represented on both reddened and green needles; these results suggest that these fungi likely live as endophytes, resuming their growth when needles are affected by environmental stressors such as wind, hail, mechanical wounds and do not represent a biotic constraint for A. nebrodensis . The disorders observed appear mostly as a consequence of the harsh site in which the relic species lives. Together with the fungal community observed on symptomatic and healthy needles, they indicate that A. nebrodensis adapted and tolerates its altered habitat.
... Amoeni are characterized by KOH and Schäffer's reactions negative or weakly positive; surfaces of the basidiocarp discoloring yellowish or red when rubbing; context unchanging or slightly tangerine when cut; odor often of almond; annulus pendant, superous, often floccose on the lower surface; and cheilocystidia clavate to cylindrical or absent . Currently, there are six described taxa in this section (Ling et al. 2021;Liu et al. 2015;Zhao et al. 2016), two of which were described originally from China. ...
Agaricus is a species-rich genus with more than 600 species around the world. In this work, three new species, Agaricus cacainus, A. baiyunensis, and A. praeclarefibrillosus are described from the specimens collected at Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China, a subtropical area with a monsoon maritime climate, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological examinations of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA (28S), and a part of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1). Agaricus cacainus in A. sect. Amoeni is characterized by a parabolic to applanate, slightly depressed pileus covered with chocolate brown, appressed, triangular squamules against white background, a white, furfuraceous stipe, an unchanging context when cut, a fragile and evanescent annulus, usually 4- or 2-spored basidia, and mostly pyriform cheilocystidia. Agaricus baiyunensis in A. sect. Minores has a pileus with a slightly truncate top covered with light brown, downy-wooly fibrillose scales and a light yellowish stipe with membranous annulus. Agaricus praeclarefibrillosus in A. sect. Brunneopicti is characterized by a pileus surface with brownish, triangular, recurved scales and longitudinally splitting lines toward margin, a cottony stipe with white, tiny, recurved fibrils, a single annulus, and variously shaped cheilocystidia, with sparsely ornamented basidiospores. The detailed comparison of their morphological characteristics with closely related species is provided.
... Notes -Pestalotiopsis camelliae-japonicae forms a distinct branch within Pestalotiopsis in the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 21). Pestalotiopsis camelliae-japonicae is similar to its phylogenetically related species, viz., P. dracontomelonis, P. lithocarpi, P. sabal and P. smilacicola, exhibiting only slight variations in conidial size and appendages which are commonly observed within the genus (Liu et al. 2015, Jiang et al. 2022, Xiong et al. 2022, Sun et al. 2023. Pestalotiopsis camelliae-japonicae is most similar to P. sabal in terms of their overlapping conidial size (13-23 × 5-7 µm vs. 17.5-23 × 5.5-7 µm), the same number of appendages ((1-)-3) and similar length of appendages (9-22 µm vs. 7-20 µm). ...
This is the tenth of the series Mycosphere Notes, wherein we present newly discovered saprobic and endophytic fungi isolated from various hosts in China, Thailand, and Uzbekistan. In this compilation, we introduce three new genera, viz., Conicotenuis (Phomatosporaceae), Irregularispora (Stictidaceae) and Minimispora (Phomatosporaceae), and 14 new species, viz., Clonostachys artemisiae (Bionectriaceae), Conicotenuis fusiformis (Phomatosporaceae), Irregularispora olivacea (Stictidaceae), Melomastia loropetalicola (Pleurotremataceae), Minimispora superficialis (Phomatosporaceae), Montagnula agaves (Didymosphaeriaceae), Neodendryphiella brassaiopsidis (Dictyosporiaceae), Paramicrosphaeropsis sexualis (Didymellaceae), Pestalotiopsis camelliae-japonicae (Sporocadaceae), Pestalotiopsis pyrrosiae-linguae (Sporocadaceae), Pestalotiopsis zhaoqingensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudocoleophoma heteropanacicola (Dictyosporiaceae), Pseudopaucispora heteropanacis (Lophiostomataceae) and Torula longan (Torulaceae). In addition, two species Melomastia phetchaburiensis and M. sinensis are reviewed, and their illustrations are provided based on the holotype. A new host record of Torula phytolaccae is described from Phytolacca americana. We describe the sexual morph of Paramicrosphaeropsis for the first time and revise its generic concept herein.
... Woudenberg et al. [47] and Thambugala et al. [48] introduced D. clematidis and D. eriobotryae using ITS, LSU, and TUB2. Liu et al. [49] introduced D. cirsii using ITS and LSU. Chen et al. [3,12] introduced 47 Didymella species using ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2. ...
Didymella contains numerous plant pathogenic and saprobic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Over the course of our mycological surveys of plant pathogens from terrestrial plants in Jiangxi Province, China, eight strains isolated from diseased leaves of four host genera represented three new species of Didymella, D. bischofiae sp. nov., D. clerodendri sp. nov., and D. pittospori sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TUB2 sequence data, using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI), revealed their taxonomic placement within Didymella. Both morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses supported D. bischofiae, D. clerodendri, and D. pittospori as three new taxa within Didymella. Illustrations and descriptions of these three taxa were provided, along with comparisons with closely related taxa in the genus.
... Fungal taxonomy, crucial for following fungal diversity, aids in identifying, classifying, and studying different species, playing a fundamental role in conservation efforts (Liu et al. 2015). ...
Editorial
MycoIndia: Advancing Academic Insights into Indian Mycology
... This is also the first report of N. italica associated with GTDs worldwide. Neosetophoma italica was first found as saprobic on dead leaves of Iris germanica L. in Italy and typified in 2015 [44]. Its close relative, N. samararum has been reported as a pathogen causing leaf spots of various hosts [45], but to date, N. italica has never been shown to infect plant hosts. ...
A three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains were isolated from diseased vines. Morphological, physiological and molecular (5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing) analyses revealed that isolates belonged to 35 distinct fungal genera, including well-known (e.g., Botryosphaeria sp., Diaporthe spp., Eutypa sp., Diplodia sp., Fomitiporia sp., Phaeoacremonium spp., Phaeomoniella sp.) and lesser-known (e.g., Neosetophoma sp., Seimatosporium sp., Didymosphaeria sp., Kalmusia sp.) grapevine wood inhabitants. The GTDs-inducing population structure differed significantly among the discrete geographical zones. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (26.62%, n = 70), Diaporthe spp. (18.25%, n = 48) and F. mediterranea (10.27%, n = 27) were the most prevalent in Heraklion, whereas D. seriata, Alternaria spp., P. chlamydospora and Fusarium spp. were predominant in Nemea (central Greece). In Amyntaio and Kavala (northern Greece), D. seriata was the most frequently isolated species (>50% frequency). Multi-genes (rDNA-ITS, LSU, tef1-α, tub2, act) sequencing of selected isolates, followed by pathogenicity tests, revealed that Neosetophoma italica, Seimatosporium vitis, Didymosphaeria variabile and Kalmusia variispora caused wood infection, with the former being the most virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. italica associated with GTDs worldwide. This is also the first record of K. variispora, S. vitis and D. variabile associated with wood infection of grapevine in Greece. The potential associations of disease indices with vine age, cultivar, GTD-associated population structure and the prevailing meteorological conditions in different viticultural zones in Greece are presented and discussed.
... italica associated with GTDs worldwide. Neosetophoma italica was first found as saprobic on dead leaves of Iris germanica L. in Italy and typified in 2015 [44]. Its close relative, N. samararum has been reported as a pathogen causing leaf spots of various hosts [45], but up to now, N. italica has never been shown to infect plant hosts. ...
A three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains were isolated from diseased vines. Morphological, physiological and molecular (5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing) analyses revealed that isolates belonged to 35 distinct fungal genera, including well-known (e.g. Botryosphaeria sp, Diaporthe spp., Eutypa sp., Diplodia sp., Fomitiporia sp., Phaeoacremonium spp., Phaeomoniella sp.) and lesser-known (e.g. Neosetophoma sp., Seimatosporium sp., Didymosphaeria sp., Kalmusia sp.) grapevine wood inhabitants. GTDs-inducing population structure differed significantly among the discrete geographical zones. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (26.62%, n=70), Diaporthe spp. (18.25%, n=48) and F. mediterranea (10.27%, n=27) were the most prevalent in Heraklion, whereas D. seriata, Alternaria spp., P. chlamydospora and Fusarium spp. were predominant in Nemea (central Greece). In Amyntaio and Kavala (northern Greece), D. seriata was the most frequently isolated species (>50% frequency). Multi-genes (rDNA-ITS, LSU, tef1-α, tub2, act) sequencing of selected isolates, followed by pathogenicity tests revealed that Neosetophoma italica, Seimatosporium vitis, Didymosphaeria variabile and Kalmusia variispora caused wood infection with the former being the most virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. italica associated with GTDs worldwide. This is also the first record of K. variispora, S. vitis and D. variabile associated with wood infection of grapevine in Greece. The potential associations of disease indices with vine age, cultivar, GTD-associated population structure and the prevailed meteorological conditions in different viticultural zones in Greece are presented and discussed.
