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... Actuator technology may be either active or passive (Neugebauer and Wallner-Novak, 2018 Aelenei and Vieira, 2016). For example, the response time should be as short as possible if occupants request an action from the building envelope to prevent an erroneous impression that the system may have failed (Wyckmans, 2005). ...
... The objective of improving thermal performance is pursued by the control mechanism, consisting of sensor, control and actuator technologies, through its (i) adaptability for a deliberate response to environmental conditions, (ii) multi-functionality for flexibility in control actions and (iii) evolvability for consideration of changes (Wyckmans, 2005 Sensor technologies: BPS tools need to be able to consider the measurement of information, the translation of the information into control signals and the documentation of environmental and building envelope states. For the measurement of information, it is key that they can detect the following data: ...
... • Interactions with occupants: To address the effect of occupants' activities on the adaptive building envelope (Wyckmans, 2005), BPS tools need to be able to integrate models for the stochastic nature of interactions between adaptive building envelope and occupants (Bakker et al., 2014). ...
Adaptive building envelopes can dynamically adapt to environmental changes, often supported by a control system. Although adaptive building envelopes can play a significant role in improving thermal building performance, uncertainties and risks have led to a slow uptake in the built environment. A reason for this is the reluctance of practitioners to consider integrating adaptive building envelopes in building design. This may be due to Building Performance Simulation (BPS) tools that can be employed for performance prediction of design proposals with adaptive building envelopes. However, a shortcoming of existing tools is their limited adaptation that hinders proper modelling of the influence of control decisions on the dynamic behaviour of these building envelopes. This thesis investigates an approach for the integrated modelling of control and adaptive building envelope. To this aim, an interview-based industry study with experts in adaptive building envelope simulation was conducted. The interview study aimed to advance the understanding of the limitations of adaptive building envelope simulation in current design practice and to identify implications for future tool developments. The feedback from the interviewees was then used to inform the development of an integrated modelling approach using co-simulation, the accuracy and functionality of which were subsequently tested through a validation study and a multiple case study. The findings of the interview study outline the need for more flexible modelling approaches that enable designers to fully exploit adaptive building envelopes in building design. The proposed modelling approach for predicting the thermal performance of adaptive building envelopes has shown that its co-simulation setup seems to offer more flexibility in integrating the dynamic behaviour of adaptive building envelopes. What is now needed is to observe the execution of the modelling approach in design practice to obtain realistic feedback from its users and to verify that it works as intended.
... The four most important parameters that must be considered for building simulation are [9,18,25,28,33]: a) ...
The 'praxis' of architecture is in a constant change of evolution. The use of building performance simulation tools is now an integral part of architectural practice and is used widely for presentation, modeling, manufacturing, presenting progressive ideas and simulation. Building Performance Simulation tools like TRNSYS, Honeybee and Open studio generates a real time analysis of the built environment with hourly data that can be extremely useful in design analysis and help the architect or environmental engineer make better design decisions early in the design stages. This paper aims at the application of a climate adaptive building envelope on a base model and validates and analyzes it through thermal simulation and prototype experimentation. The key objectives of these simulations and experimentations are to prove the thermal adaptability of Bioinspired climate adaptive building envelopes using various parametric simulation tools like Grasshopper & TRNSYS.
... To exploit human intelligence in control of CABS, occupants should be given some opportunity for adjustment or manual override [122]. The inability to overrule the system's decisions is the most frequently encountered complaint with intelligent building envelopes [123]. Stevens [124] even reports some cases of sabotage, where the occupants willfully tried to beat the behavior of active façades. ...
Successful building design is becoming an increasingly complex task, due to a growing demand to satisfy more ambitious environmental, societal and economical performance requirements. The application of climate adaptive building shells (CABS) has recently been put forward as a promising alternative within this strive for higher levels of sustainability in the built environment. Compared to conventional façades, CABS offer potential opportunities for energy savings as well improvement of indoor environmental quality. By combining the complementary beneficial aspects of both active and passive building technologies into the building envelope, CABS can draw upon the concepts of adaptability, multi-ability and evolvability. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of research, design and development efforts in the field of CABS. Based on a structured literature review, a classification of 44 CABS is made to place the variety of concepts in context with each other, and concurrent developments. In doing so, the overall motivations, enabling technologies, and characteristic features that have contributed to the development of CABS are highlighted. Despite the positive perspectives, it was found that the concept of CABS cannot yet be considered mature. Future research needs and further challenges to be resolved are therefore identified as well.
... However, as a means to validate the results which indicate clearly an improved upon daylight throw and quality, the sampled configurations do illustrate a quantifiably increased harvest in conjunction with the user defined preferences and scenarios. This increase in daylight throw from 2X to 2.5X the window wall height is considered significant within the daylight harvesting community and within the interactive architecture community.The successful incorporation of user defined task environment preferences is as well (Wyckmans 2005). ...
The research presents a methodology and tool development which delineates a performance-based design integration to address the design, simulation, and proving of an intelligent building skin design and its impact on daylighting performance. Through the design of an algorithm and parametric process for integrating daylighting performance into the design phase an automated configuration evaluation is achieved. Specifically the tool enables design exploration of semi autonomous and fully autonomous configurations of an exterior building envelope louver system. The research situates itself in the field of intelligent building skins and adds to the existing solutions a validation of systems with interdependent louvers of varying tilt angles. The system is designed to respond to dynamic daylighting conditions and occupants’ preferences. Within the framework of this study, Grasshopper, Rhino, Galapagos and DIVA, are linked and coded into one integrated process, facilitating design optioneering with near real time feedback. The paper concludes with a description of the tool set’s extensibility, future incorporation of domain integration, and conflation of natural and physical system interaction and complexity.
بنظر ٍة ُمتأ ّمل ٍة ل ُمدننا العربية وما وصلت إليه تصميماتها ال ُمعاصرة من تقدم تكنولوجي معماري، خاصةً
مبانيها اإلدارية، إال أنه َيظهر جلًيا ُندرة استخدام أسلوب علمي واضح و ُمحَدد للتعامل مع االنتقال الحراري
ا للراحة
الذي يتم عن طريق الغالف الخاص بتلك المباني؛ مما يؤدي لكثافة استخدام أنظمة التبريد؛ تحقيقً
الحرارية لشاغلي هذا الفراغ، وبالتالي زيادة معدالت استهالك الطاقة داخل هذه المباني.
فكان علينا أن نبحث عن كيفية جديدة ُتمكننا من تحسين األداء الحراري للمباني اإلدارية في المدن الذكية
وغيرها باستخدام منظومة الواجهات الديناميكية، ووصوًال لذلك تم دراسة مبنى إداري افتراضي يخضع لنظام
المكاتب المفتوحة بواجهات زجاجية في إقليم المناخ الحار الجاف بإقليم القاهرة الكبرى وذلك باستخدام أدوات
متري تحقيقً التصميم البارا ا لواجهة ديناميكية متميزة؛ حيث تم تطبيقها على الجهة الجنوبية للمبنى وتم دراسة
أحمال التدفئة والتبريد المستهلكة قبل وبعد إضافة هذه الواجهة، باستخدام تقنيات المحاكاة البيئية، وقد حققت
هذه التقنية وفر بنسبة 42 %في الطاقة المستهلكة بأحمال التبريد.
كما تضمن البحث اقترا ًحا لدمج مادة ذكية ذات خصائص حركية، تعمل هذه المادة كحساس و ُمحرك في
نفس الوقت لتحريك الواجهة الديناميكية؛ مما ُيساعد ال ُمصممين وال ُمنفذين في تحقيق نماذج عصرية لواجهات
ديناميكية ذكية مع تقليص استخدام العناصر الميكانيكية سواء أكانت بسيطة أو معقدة، باإلضافة للتغلب على
مشاكل الصيانة، و ُكلفة تشغيل هذه الواجهات وجعلها أكثر استجابة للظروف المناخية المختلفة؛ مما ُيسهم
باألساس وبشكل مباشر في تقليل استهالك الطاقة داخل المباني اإلدارية.
The present book was the result of an extensive bibliographical research in order to collect information on the state of the art of intelligent buildings and the behaviour of their occupants.
Abstract The increase in complexity for building design has led to intelligent envelope design and integrating simulation performance evaluation. Moreover, there is a very limited guidance for architects and façade engineers to be able to understand and integrate the simulation performance in the early design stage. This paper concerned about the integrated approach for intelligent building envelope design and simulation performance during the early design stage. This approach aims to put the necessary tool in the hands of architects and façade engineers so they can make informed decisions over optimizing building envelope performance. The integrated approach could be applied for a wide range of buildings type and climate context, however the research will address the tall office building type and hot arid climate context to be an example of application in the research study. The research methodology is based on analyzing case studies, computer performance simulation and a questionnaire survey. The case studies aim to underline the most important parameters that have the most effects on envelope performance. The simulation aims at evaluating the effects those parameters have on building performance. The questionnaire survey aims at underline the problems and the challenges of integrating building performance simulation in the early design stage. The outcome of the survey provides an outline how the designer regards the use of building performance simulation and emphasizes the way to integrate the building simulation in the early design stage. Adequate climatic strategies for intelligent envelope design in hot climates were determined. The research provides a series of practical guidelines for the implementation of building performance simulation for intelligent envelop design in the early design stage. Keywords: building envelope, intelligent design, performance simulation, comfort, energy efficiency
