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... Furthermore, a doctoral dissertation, "An evaluation of school responses to the introduction to the Queensland 1999 Health and Physical Education (HPE) syllabus and policy documents in three Brisbane Catholic Education (BCE) primary schools," found that the degree of implementation of the 1999 HPE syllabus corresponded to the teacher's degree of HPE qualifications, knowledge, and experience in the HPE learning area (Lynch, 2005). Therefore, I would argue that an increase in "swimming and water safety" qualifications, knowledge, and experience among school staff ought to result in the more confident delivery of primary school aquatic programs (Peden et al., 2009). ...
Data gathered indicate that reductions in annual Australian drowning fatalities for not only children, but people of all ages, have hit a plateau, and if anything, figures suggest that fatal drownings in recent years are on the increase. It is alarm- ing that figures are not falling despite the many well-developed swimming and water safety education programs available. The number of drowning deaths in Australia is regarded by governing bodies as far too many, hence it is proposed that the necessary changes required to further reduce drowning may involve teachers within primary schools being used more efficiently in the educational process. This paper concludes that by implementing swimming and water safety with conviction into the school curriculum, all students will become more aware of drowning risk behaviors, thus successfully decreasing drowning fatalities in both the short and long terms.
... Furthermore, a doctoral dissertation, "An evaluation of school responses to the introduction to the Queensland 1999 Health and Physical Education (HPE) syllabus and policy documents in three Brisbane Catholic Education (BCE) primary schools," found that the degree of implementation of the 1999 HPE syllabus corresponded to the teacher's degree of HPE qualifications, knowledge, and experience in the HPE learning area (Lynch, 2005). Therefore, I would argue that an increase in "swimming and water safety" qualifications, knowledge, and experience among school staff ought to result in the more confident delivery of primary school aquatic programs (Peden et al., 2009). ...
In this paper, I (re)define outsourcing in a way that reflects the nature of the practice in education. While business and management definitions of outsourcing have been generative to this point, they are relatively broad and place wide boundaries on the practice. Moreover, they do not acknowledge the interpretation and enactment of outsourcing in contexts where economic models were never supposed to dominate. To create a bespoke and ‘stipulative’ definition that is a better fit-for-purpose, I selected one school subject, Health and Physical Education (HPE), and one country, Australia, as an illustrative case. I then analysed three literature corpora to find examples and attributes of outsourcing. I argue that recruiting this new definition will allow scholars within and beyond the field of HPE to construct new arguments and generate different types of rich data on the practice in ways that they might not necessarily have been able to previously.
Outsourcing is a complex, controversial and pervasive practice that is increasingly becoming a matter of concern for educational researchers. This article contributes to this literature by examining outsourcing practices related to health, sport and physical education (HSPE). Specifically, it reports data on specialist health and physical education (HPE) teachers', principals' and external providers' reasons for participating in outsourcing arrangements. These data were obtained from a collective case study of six schools and the external providers that they outsourced HSPE to over a 12-month period, using semi-structured interviews and overt participant observations. The findings illustrate the ways in which the informants explained their outsourcing practices using a variety of educationally and organisationally oriented reasons. Educational value, human resources (e.g. expertise), physical resources (e.g. facilities) and symbolic resources (e.g. status) were reasons for outsourcing HSPE that were commonly cited by principals and specialist HPE teachers. Among external providers, educational value, income generation and promotion/advertising were frequently cited to explain their work with and for schools. These findings illustrate the ways in which outsourcing practices in HSPE articulate with, and are implicated in, broader educational privatisations. They also highlight the boundaries that outsourcing practices trouble or reinforce, such as those marking the purview of markets, membership of the HPE profession and the constitution of expertise.
It is implied by governing organizations that Australia is presently experiencing its first national curriculum reform, when as the title suggests it is the second. However, until now Australian states and territories have been responsible for the education curriculum delivered within schools. The present national curriculum reform promises one curriculum framework for health and physical education (HPE), currently under review. This paper explores the history of Australian curriculum reform in the HPE key learning area, revealing that the present review offers an opportunity to focus on the vital ‘implementation’ stage which seems to be continually overlooked.
