Figs 29-32 - uploaded by Eduardo Galante
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Blitopertha lineata third-instar larva. 29. Ventral (a) and dorsal (b) view of left maxilla. 30. Dorsal view of right (a) and left (b) mandible; ventral view of left (c) and right (d) mandible; detail of stridulatory area of mandible (e). 31. Epipharynx. 32. Hypopharynx.
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The third instar larvae of five anomaline species, Anomala dubia (Scopoli, 1763), Anomala quadripunctata (Olivier, 1789), Blitopertha lineata (Fabricius, 1798), Mimela rugatipennis (Graells, 1849) and Phyllopertha horticola (Linnaeus, 1758) are described as well as their biological data. The analysis of the morphology of the four distinct genera st...
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Citations
... Historically, some of the taxonomic works related to this tribe have been somewhat incongruent due to the use of different morphological criteria that have led to disagreements on supraspecific boundaries or have presented a geographical bias (Potts 1977;Morón et al. 1997;Morón & Nogueira 1998, 2002Jameson et al. 2003;Micó & Galante 2005). Among these taxonomic imprecisions, in past studies, some taxa with doubtful generic positions or even others invalidated without any morphological criteria (Machatschke 1957), have been generating discussions about the internal classification of Anomalini that remain unresolved (Bates 1888;Ohaus 1934;Morón et al. 1997;Morón & Nogueira 1998;Jameson et al. 2003;Ramírez-Ponce & Morón 2009;Pardo-Lorcano et al. 2017). ...
The endemic Mexican genus Lamoana Casey, 1915 stat. rev. is revalidated through a comparative morphological analysis of both male genitalia and somatic characters of all genera with perpendicular parameres. A comparative study and general description of the basic patterns in the morphology of the genitalia for the American genera are provided. A full redescription of the genus and a redescription of L. villosella (Blanchard, 1851) comb. rev. is provided herein, with the addition of generic and specific diagnostic characters and data about its geographical distribution. Further, possible relationships at generic level among American genera are provided. With this study, the number of Anomalini genera known for America and Mexico is now elevated to 17 and 14, respectively.. 2023. Comparative morphology of the genera with perpendicular parameres in Anomalini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) allows revalidation of the endemic Mexican genus Lamoana Casey, 1915 stat. rev. European Journal of Taxonomy 910: 175-199.
... [4]. Adults of the subfamily are phytophagous and feed on leaves, flowers, grass pollen and maturing grass seeds, some adults aid in pollination of plants, and the larvae typically feed on roots (berries, corn and grass), compost, decaying vegetation, decaying wood [5]. The adults of this subfamily can be identified by several distinguishing features. ...
This study provides a detailed description of Adoretus hirsutus (Ohaus, 1914) (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), as a first record in Iraq. Between March and July 2022, we collected specimens from various weed flowers in different locations within the Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. According to molecular analysis, Adoretus hirsutus was used as a source of samples for PCR amplification of the fragments (710 bp) of the mtCOI gene for phylogenetic analysis. To compare the nucleotide sequence with those of other insect species, a section of the mtCOI gene from the collected insect was aligned with the NCBI GenBank database using the BLAST tool. The BLAST results showed that the second record in the NCBI GenBank identity of insects. The COI sequence of Adoretus hirsutus was submitted to GenBank with accession numbers OQ4288117, OQ428818, and OQ428819. The morphological diagnostic characteristics of the species are; Labrum nearly cup shaped, lateral margins moderately concave with a row of small spines, median apical projection overhanging the mentum. Mandibles irregular shaped, apically with single oval shaped tooth. Terminal maxillary palpomere 1.5 times as long as the 2nd. Antenna brown, consisting of 10 antennomeres ending in a unilateral three lamellated club, equal in length. Outer margin of fore tibia with three acute teeth. Aedagaeus moderately curved, parameres elongated oval, apical part is very acute. Some important parts such as labrum, mandible, antenna, fore legs, elytra, pygidium and male genitalia have been photographed.
... The classification of the tribe Anomalini is difficult due to the high number of species, the variability in color patterns within a single species, and uniformity in external morphology among different species (Micó et al. 2003). Larval morphology has been used to help reviewing the Anomalini classification (Micó et al. 2003;Micó & Galante 2005). ...
The third instars are described and illustrated for five Anomalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) species from Ecuador: Anomala balzapambae Ohaus, 1897, A. popayana Ohaus, 1897, A. valida Burmeister, 1844, Callistethus buchwaldianus (Ohaus, 1908), and C. levii (Blanchard, 1851). The pupae of three Ecuadorian species are also described and illustrated: A. discoidalis Bates, 1888, A. popayana, and C. levii. Diagnostic characters of the species are provided. A key to the known larvae of Anomalini from the New World is provided, which now includes five genera and 31 species.
... V prispevku predstavljamo morfološko metodo za hitro ločevanje ogrcev različnih vrst pahljačnikov ali skarabejev v tleh kot tudi način ločevanja odraslih osebkov poljskega majskega hrošča in gozdnega majskega hrošča. (Krell, 2004;Micó in Galante, 2005;Van Duinen et al., 2005). ...
... Razvojno stopnjo ličink lahko določimo z izmero širine glave; L1 (od 1,3 do 1,5 mm), L2 (od 3,1 do 3,3 mm) in L3 (4,5 do 4,7 mm) (Van Duinen s sod., 2005). Vrsto določimo z vizualnim pregledom dlačic, ki se nahajajo na zadnjem segmentu zadka (Micó in Galante, 2005). Glavni liniji dlačic sta v obliki črke I in se med seboj deloma prekrivata. ...
White grubs of different species of scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) can, when they overmultiply, cause economical damage on grassland. In this paper we present the selected morphological characteristics, which help us in quick distinguishing of white grubs and adults of June beetle (Amphimallon solstitialis), margined vine chafer (Anomala dubia), garden chafer (Phyllopertha horticola), forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani) and common cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha). The special emphasis in the paper is devoted to presentation of life cycles of all 5 scarab beetles recorded in Slovenia.
... Although scarce, mainly due to the fact that this insect remains much of its life cycle in the soil, some studies on biological and behavioral aspects can be found for Anomala albopilosa sakishimana Nomura (Arakaki et al. 2004b); Anomala cincta Say, Anomala forreri Bates, and Anomala sticticoptera Blanchard (Micó et al. 2003); Anomala cuprea Hope (Fujiyama 1997); Anomala dubia (Scopoli) and Anomala quadripunctata (Olivier) (Micó and Galante 2005); Anomala flavipennis Burmeister (Del-Bosque 1998) and Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse) (Facundo et al. 1999). ...
The beetle, Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), occurs in central-western Brazil where larvae feed on the roots of plants causing damage. This research aimed to study sexual dimorphism and mating behavior of A. testaceipennis. Adults of A. testaceipennis were collected with light traps in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. Laboratory experiments were performed to describe copulation behavior and adult morphology of males and females. In males the last abdominal segment has a pronounced constriction, which is absent in females, and the male's last segment of the first pair of legs has a ventral projection, which is poorly developed in females. The mating activities of adults begin soon after sunset, when adults leave the soil and fly. When the male encounters a female, he touches her with antennae and tarsi. If accepted, the male climbs on the female and remains on her back, and soon after the copulation begins. When the female does not accept the male for mating, she moves rapidly and can roll on the ground, and by so removing the male. In the field, adults feed and mate on bloomed trees of Oiti, Licania tomentosa Benth (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae) and Louro, Cordia glabrata Martius (Boraginaceae). In trees without inflorescences no adults of this species were found.
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.
... La morfología larvaria presenta igualmente gran valor a la hora de la separación de especies para, por ejemplo, el control de plagas. Se conocen numerosas publicaciones sobre morfología larvaria en Coleoptera; en lo referente a los Scarabaeoidea son trabajos de gran importancia los realizados por Micó & Galante (2005) o Micó et al. (2001Micó et al. ( y 2003, y más concretamente, estudios sobre la morfología larvaria en Cetoniidae paleárticos existen un gran número de ellos, abarcando la totalidad de géneros ibéricos, con la única excepción de Paleira Reiche,1871. Importantes contribuciones se deben a Golovjanko (1936), Van Emden (1941) y Medvedev (1952) y entre los autores ibéricos Alvarado et al. 1996o Micó & Galante (2003ay 2003b. ...
Abstract. The immature instar morphology of Paleira femorata (Illiger, 1803) is described, being the first description of immature stages in this genus. The first identification key of all genus of Western Mediterranean Cetoniinae larvae is provided. Life cycle and the larval biology of this species are described.
... Smith et al. (1998) applied cladistic methods to estimate the phylogenetic position of Rhinocoeta sanguinipes (Gory & Percheron, 1833) in the Cetoniinae according to its larval characters. Micó & Galante 2005 used larval morphology for estimating phylogenetic relationships for Anomalini, however since only a few taxa and characters have been used the results remain preliminary. ...
The thesis focuses on the immature stages of the popular and widely known Scarab beetles
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), more precisely on the “pleurostict” or phytophagous scarab
beetle clade. The work consists of three papers already published in international journals,
one manuscript prepared for submission and a general introductory chapter focusing on the
problematics of scarab beetles phylogeny and the study of the immature of scarabs. In the first
two papers we focused on the phylogenetic relationships within the group Cetoniinae based
on morphological characters of larvae and adults. The results of both analyses corroborate
the monophyly of Cetoniinae (sensu lato), however they don’t correspond with the traditional
concepts of the within group classification. The biggest deviation from the classical scheme
is the proposed paraphyly of Trichiini with the former Trichiini subtribes Osmodermatina
and Incaina consistently recovered at the base of the Cetoniini clade. Also the fourth paper is
focused on the phylogenetic relationships of pleurostict scarabs. It discuss the position of the
Euchirinae, an enigmatic group classified either as a member of Melolonthinae or as a separate
subfamily. Our results support more or less the second option; however the problem cannot
be solved without a comprehensive analysis of the whole phytophagous scarab clade. In all
of the papers we found analyses based on larval data about two times more consistent with
the combined larvae + adult analyses, than analyses based only on adult morphological data.
Both larval and adult datasets often yielded contradictory results. Beside the phylogenetical
studies, the papers attached to the thesis contain original descriptions or re-descriptions of
the immature stages of the following taxa: Coleocorynus opacicauda Arrow, 1926 and
C. desfontainei Antoine, 1999 (paper II); Dicronocephalus wallichii bouringi Pouillaude 1914
(paper III); Cheirotonus formosanus Pouillaude 1914, Propomacrus bimucronatus (Pallas,
1781) and P. cypriacus Alexis et Markis, 2002 (paper IV) with comments on ecology and
bionomy of the described taxa. The described “nesting” behaviour of D. wallichii bouringi
and D. adamsi (Pascoe 1863), is the first finding of such behaviour in the phytophagous
scarab clade, beside provision burrows constructed by females of the rhinoceros beetle
Strategus antaeus (Drury 1773).
... The authors did not specify how the minor clade formed by the bolboceratines and geotrupines was related to those two families. Larval characters in the Coleoptera were considered to be more informative and constant than those of adults for implying phylogenetic relationships of higher taxonomic attributes (Crowson 1955, Scholtz and Peck 1990, Chown and Scholtz 1990, Beutel 1995, Beutel et al. 1999, Beutel and Hö rnschemeyer 2002, Di Giulio et al. 2003, Micó and Galante 2005. In contrast, argued that larval morphological characters are not appropriate to use alone for the purpose of reconstructing the basal phylogeny of the Scarabaeoidea; their analysis weakly supported the monophyly of the Bolboceratidae. ...
Four genera and seven species of the scarab beetle tribe Bolboceratini s.l. in Taiwan are reviewed, including the description of a new species, Bolbelasmus minutus Li & Masumoto. After a detailed comparison with the holotype, Bolbelasmus kurosawai Masumoto is considered a junior synonym of Bolbelasmus coreanus (Kolbe). Bolbelasmus meridionalis Krikken is now excluded from the fauna of Taiwan. Key (males only), redescriptions, illustrations, the type depository, commentary, phenology, geographical distributions, and drawings of the male genitalia of each valid species are included. Additionally, a key to the genera of the Eurasian Bolboceratini s.l. is provided.
... Following Kohlmann & Moro´n (2003), larval characters have been used to establish natural groups and phylogenies in Scarabaeoidea since Mulsant & Rey (1871) (see Medvedev, 1976;Iablokov-Khnzorian, 1977;Howden, 1982;Scholtz, 1990;Grebennikov & Scholtz, 2003;Verdué t al., 2004). However, larval descriptions are still too scarce to establish the phylogeny of Scarabaeoidea (Mico´& Galante, 2005). ...
Abstract The Cetoniidae, the showiest of scarabs, comprises some 3900 species in 515 genera, distributed worldwide except for subpolar areas and some offshore New Zealand islands. Parsimony analysis of 76 larval and adult characters and 42 terminal taxa supports the monophyly of Cetoniidae (sensu Krikken, 1984), but not of the traditionally considered subfamilies Cetoniinae and Trichiinae (sensu Krikken, 1984). In the study taxon, larval characters are shown to be more informative than those of adults for deeper phylogeny. The evolution of some larval characters (head and legs) in relation to feeding habits is discussed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. The results show an evolutionary shift from wood associations to a higher ecological plasticity that allows the larvae to feed on wide sources of organic matter (including compost, dung, gopher burrows, packrat middens, ant debris piles, etc.).
... Micó et al. (2001) noted that additional data were necessary before phylogenetic trends in the group and the classification of the genus Anthoplia could be determined. A more recent study of larval morphology (Micó & Galante, 2005 ) included Mimela, Blitopertha, Phyllopertha , Anomala (Anomalina), as well as Anisoplia and Anthoplia (Anisopliina). The results corroborated the analyses based on adult characters (Micó, 2001 ) and supported Blitopertha as the sister taxon to the Anisopliina. ...
... This relationship is weak and not supported in the heuristic search or bootstrap analysis. Neither Blitopertha nor Phyllopertha are members of the Anisopliina, but it is interesting to note that previous research (Micó, 2001; Micó & Galante, 2005 ) has shown that Blitopertha (Blitopertha) is sister to Anisoplia + Anthoplia. All analyses consistently recovered the clade that includes Anthoplia + Anisoplia + Hemichaetoplia + Brancoplia + Chaetopteroplia (the anisopliine clade; Figs 2–4). ...
Abstract The subtribe Anisopliina (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anomalini) is associated with grasses, and its species are distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian, Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographical regions. Phylogenetic analysis of adult morphological characters was conducted to examine the monophyly and classification of the group, as well as to examine characters associated with grass pollinivory and graminivory. We review the biology, phylogeny and classification of the Anisopliina and provide an overview of each genus. The analysis of ninety-one morphological characters using parsimony does not support the monophyly of the subtribe Anisopliina. Instead, the results provide support for a group referred to here as the anisopliine clade, a circum-Mediterranean group, forming an internal clade within the well-supported tribe Anomalini. Sister group relationships are discussed, possibly being associated with a New World anomaline taxon. Character states associated with grass herbivory, including mouthpart and leg characters, are discussed based on the phylogenetic analysis. Within the Anomalini, an evolutionary shift from generalized leaf feeding to grass associations and grass pollen feeding is supported.
