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Predaea weldii. Fig. 28. Habit of a female gametophyte, MAS 002. Scale bar 2 cm. Fig. 29. In an intercalary position in a cortical filament, a supporting cell (arrow) bears a three-celled carpogonial branch consisting of a cylindrical basal cell (bc), a subspherical hypogynous cell (hy) and a conical carpogonium (cp) with a straight terminal trichogyne (tri). Slide MAS 002b. Scale bar 25 m. Fig. 30. Upon enlargement, the fertilized carpogonium divides transversely (arrowhead) and the basal part initiates connecting filaments (arrow). The trichogyne (tri) remains perceptible on the distal part of the carpogonium. The cortical filament supports a carpogonial branch as well as an undiploidized auxiliary cell (aux). The cortical cells adjacent to the auxiliary cell bear large subspherical nutritive cells (nc). Slide MAS 111a. Scale bar 25 m. Fig. 31. Small cells (arrows), in an intercalary position in connecting filaments, give rise to multiple connecting filaments that branch throughout the thallus and diploidize auxiliary cells. The diploidized auxiliary cells protrude distally (arrowheads) before gonimoblast initiation. Slide MAS 002b. Scale bar 25 m.
Source publication
This study reports on the gelatinous red algae of the Arabian Sea (Masirah Island, Oman and Socotra Island, Yemen) belonging to the families Dumontiaceae, Nemastomataceae and Schizymeniaceae. Dudresnaya capricornica, Gibsmithia larkumii, Predaea laciniosa, P. weldii and Titanophora pikeana are new records for the region. The morphological and repro...
Citations
... The only sequence data available for G. larkumii are a set of three UPA sequences from Yemen, Tanzania, and a topotype sequence from Australia, which we used in a phylogenetic analysis of the genus to demonstrate the distinction between G. punonomaewa and G. larkumii (they exhibited 98.7% sequence similarity based on the highly conserved UPA marker). Gibsmithia punonomaewa and G. larkumii also differ in a key morphological character; G. punonomaewa possesses a stipe, which is absent in G. larkumii (Kraft 1986;Schils & Coppejans 2002;this study). In addition to a clear phylogenetic distinction, G. punonomaewa differs morphologically from G. hawaiiensis sensu lato by its smooth gelatinous lobes that lack exserted cortical filaments (Gabriel et al. 2016(Gabriel et al. , 2017. ...
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Hawaiian members of the red algal family Dumontiaceae were used to clarify the species diversity of Dudresnaya and Gibsmithia from Hawaiʻi. Although no new species of Dudresnaya were detected in the analyses, D. babbittiana is newly recorded by Lalo, Manawai, and Oʻahu; however, this record remains tentative until the type material is sequenced. A new species of Gibsmithia, G. punonomaewa A.R. Sherwood, is described here and reported from the mesophotic depths (79–104 m) of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Hawaiʻi. This new species differs from all others in the genus based on the following combination of characters: moderate thallus size (up to 11 cm), smooth and terete gelatinous lobes, presence of a stipe (which is often branched), globose carposporangia, and a non-isodiametric shaped cell subtending the tetrasporangia. This new taxon increases the number of Gibsmithia species recorded from Hawaiʻi to three. Phylogenetically, G. punonomaewa is most closely related to G. dotyi (type locality, Lord Howe Island, Australia) and G. larkumii (type locality, One Tree Island, Queensland, Australia), which are both reportedly widespread in distribution. The relatively dark habitat of the mesophotic in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument contrasts with the surface waters of tropical and subtropical habitats where most Gibsmithia species are found, further highlighting the uniqueness of the species.
... The tropical Indo-West Pacific is considered as the region with the highest diversity of seaweeds (with 2991 species) (Briggs, 1974;Breeman, 1988;Silva et al., 1996;Adey and Steneck, 2001). Wynne, 2001Wynne, , 2003Wynne and de Jong, 2002;Gharanjik, 2003;Hosseini and Gharanjik, 2003;Schils and Coppejans, 2002;Schils et al., 2003;Wynne and Freshwater, 2004;Noormohammadi et al., 2010Noormohammadi et al., , 2011 and ecology (Barratt et al., 1984;Banaimoon, 1988;Ormond and Banaimoon, 1994;Gharanjik et al., 2011) in the Arabian Sea region. ...
Different macroalgal communities were characterized according to their presence in monsoonal cycle.
... The tropical Indo-West Pacific is considered as the region with the highest diversity of seaweeds (with 2991 species) (Briggs, 1974;Breeman, 1988;Silva et al., 1996;Adey and Steneck, 2001). Wynne, 2001Wynne, , 2003Wynne and de Jong, 2002;Gharanjik, 2003;Hosseini and Gharanjik, 2003;Schils and Coppejans, 2002;Schils et al., 2003;Wynne and Freshwater, 2004;Noormohammadi et al., 2010Noormohammadi et al., , 2011 and ecology (Barratt et al., 1984;Banaimoon, 1988;Ormond and Banaimoon, 1994;Gharanjik et al., 2011) in the Arabian Sea region. ...
Marine benthic seaweeds have a significant academic, biological, environmental and economic importance. Coastal waters of Pakistan have a rich algal resource due to nitrate fluctuations caused by convective mixing and up-sloping. Studies on seaweeds in Pakistan are mainly confined to intertidal areas or on the basis of drift samples with much emphasis on taxonomy and phycochemistry without an in-depth study of the ecology. In the present study, samples were collected by SCUBA diving from 5 dive sites. Quadrat techniques were used to determine the relative diversity and abundance of benthic macroalgal communities. A total of 36 species (16 Phaeophyceae, 12 Rhodophyta, and 8 Chlorophyta) were recorded. An increase in diversity and distribution patterns was noted from west to east ward. High diversity occurred at Hawks Bay followed by French Beach. The coral sites (northern sheltered site of Churna Island and Mubarak Village) had a less diversity. Very few recorded species had a restricted distribution (Yemen, Oman and India). One species was found endemic to Pakistan whereas the rest are widely distributed in the entire Indian Ocean, Atlantic and Pacific. Stunted growth of Sargassum species and changes in community structure were observed after the Cyclone ‘NILOFAR’. Distribution and diversity patterns appeared to be linked with habitat type, topography, wave exposure and prevailing climatic conditions.
... Predaea laciniosa was originally described from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, with the holotype having been collected at 12 m depth (Kraft, 1984). The species is otherwise broadly reported from the Pacific, to 10 m in Hawaii (Abbott, 1999), as well as from the Indian Ocean, with depth records of 21 m in Oman and Yemen (Schils and Coppejans, 2002). (Gurgel et al., 2004). ...
Smithsonian Contributions to Botany , number 105, viii + 41 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, 2 appendixes, 2016. — Deepwater open-circuit scuba, dredging, submersible, and technical mixed-gas (closed-circuit) rebreather diving collections of marine benthic algae made over the last approximately 30 years in Puerto Rico are summarized in this account. In total, 186 taxa (166 identified to species) comprising 60% Rhodophyta, 11% Phaeophyceae, and 29% Chlorophyta are reported from depths greater than 35 m. Eighty-nine of these (56% of taxa identified to species) from the Puerto Rican mesophotic are thought to be the deepest known distributional records for the species recognized. Forty-three species (8% of the entire benthic flora of Puerto Rico) are mostly or entirely restricted to depths greater than 35 m. KEYWORDS: deepwater algae, mesophotic, Puerto Rico, tropical west Atlantic.
... Aside from the species belonging to the Gibsmithia hawaiiensis complex, the other congenerics present an overall non-hairy appearance, and can be clearly discriminated from each other by the branching pattern of the gelatinous thallus (Kraft 1986): rosette clusters of short flattened branches in G. dotyi, subdichotomous long cylindrical branches in G. womersleyi, and very irregularly branched lobes in G. larkumii. The unique combination of gelatinous branches growing on cartilaginous stalks is common throughout the genus except in G. larkumii in which the gelatinous thalli are attached to the substratum only by cartilaginous discs (Schils & Coppejans 2002). No anatomical variation has been previously reported in the few records of G. larkumii (Kraft 1986;Schils & Copejans 2002;N'Yeurt & Payri 2010) and G. womersleyi (Kraft 1986;Womersley 1994). ...
... Aside from the species belonging to the Gibsmithia hawaiiensis complex, the other congenerics present an overall non-hairy appearance, and can be clearly discriminated from each other by the branching pattern of the gelatinous thallus (Kraft 1986): rosette clusters of short flattened branches in G. dotyi, subdichotomous long cylindrical branches in G. womersleyi, and very irregularly branched lobes in G. larkumii. The unique combination of gelatinous branches growing on cartilaginous stalks is common throughout the genus except in G. larkumii in which the gelatinous thalli are attached to the substratum only by cartilaginous discs (Schils & Coppejans 2002). No anatomical variation has been previously reported in the few records of G. larkumii (Kraft 1986;Schils & Copejans 2002;N'Yeurt & Payri 2010) and G. womersleyi (Kraft 1986;Womersley 1994). ...
Gibsmithia hawaiiensis is a peculiar red alga characterized by furry gelatinous lobes arising from a cartilaginous stalk. The species has been recorded from tropical reef systems throughout the Indo-Pacific. A multilocus phylogeny (UPA, rbcL, COI-5P) of 36 specimens collected throughout the species distribution range, showed high genetic diversity at species level. Two major groups were identified, each consisting of multiple lineages. Genetic variability was low in the Hawaiian Islands and the northern Red Sea and high in the Western Indian Ocean and the Coral Triangle, where lineages overlap in distribution. Genetic distances suggest that G. hawaiiensis represents a complex of five cryptic species, with no difference observed in the external morphology corresponding to separate lineages. Anatomical and reproductive differences were observed at the microscopic level for the lineage from the Red Sea, which is here described as G. eilatensis sp. nov. The geographic range of the species complex is here expanded to include Madagascar, the Red Sea and the Indo-Malay region, and the generitype seems endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Algal diversity on coral reef systems is discussed from a conservation perspective using G. hawaiiensis as an example.
... The genus Dudresnaya P. Crouan & H. Crouan comprises 17 species (Schils & Coppejans 2002) and is the largest genus in the family Dumontiaceae (Gigartinales). Plants of Dudresnaya are soft and gelatinous, have a uniaxial structure and each axial cell produces a whorl of cortical laterals. ...
... It is widespread in Australia, having been reported from Queensland, Lord Howe I., Western Australia (Robins & Kraft 1985), New South Wales (Millar & Kraft 1993), and Norfolk I. (Millar 1999). It also has been reported from Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (Schils & Coppejans 2002) and Tanzania (Coppejans et al. 2000). Dudresnaya capricornica has no single unique feature but differs from other Dudresnaya species by a distinctive combination of attributes; epilithic, terete radial branches, lack of annulations, presence of hexagonal crystals, primary axes distinct, presence of hairs, cylindrical outer cortical cells, oblique division of the carpogonium, absence of a mucilage coat on auxiliary cell branches, recurved gonimoblast initials, cystocarps not cleft, and double whorled spermatangial filaments (Robins & Kraft 1985). ...
The genus Dudresnaya is reported for the first time in New Zealand waters. Samples were collected in Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand, on rhodolith beds and at the edge of a rocky reef, between −5 and −10 m depth. The species was identified by morphological and anatomical characters as Dudresnaya capricornica and its identity was confirmed by molecular sequence data. This species is characterized by terete radial branches, outer cortical cells cylindrical, presence of hexagonal crystals, lack of annulation and mucilage coat on auxiliary cell branches, oblique division of carpogonium and cystocarps no cleft. The rbcL phylogenetic analysis showed the genus Dudresnaya is strongly supported and sister to taxa in the family Dumontiaceae. This family is also closely related to the families Rhizophillidaceae and Kallymeniaceae. This is the first record of the family Dumontiaceae in New Zealand.
... Phylogenetic studies showed that specimens going under the name P. cyclocolpum worldwide are often misidentified members of P. chrysymenioides (Gabriel et al. 2010). The distinction between P. cyclocolpum, P. heteromorphum, P. izunosimense and P. chrysymenioides lies in the behaviour of the fertilised carpogonium before fusion with the subsidiary auxiliary cells and the origin of the connecting filament (Schils & Coppejans 2002; Gavio et al. 2005; Gabriel et al. 2010). Since we were unable to observe this ephemeral stage in the slides we had access to, we suggest the new combination Platoma confusum, transferring the species to the genus Platoma while keeping the specific epithet. ...
Comparative rbeL. sequence analysis indicates that the species going under the name Schizymenia dubyi in the Azores should be referred to as S. apoda. Sequences of Sehizymenia specimens from China and Namibia were also identified as S. epode, of which the type locality is the Cape Province in South Africa. Sehizymenia dubyi, described from Atlantic France, is clearly a distinct species that we here report for Japan and Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea. Both Schizymenia species, along with an unreported species from Japan, are distinct from S. pacifica described from Washington, in the Pacific Coast of North America. Secondary pit connections were observed in gametophytes of S. epode from the Azores, a previously unknown character for the Nemastomatales. Examination of type material of Nemastema confusum indicates that this species, currently placed in the Nemastomataceae, should be transferred to the genus Mamma in the Schizymeniaceae. A morphological comparison between Mamma confusum (Kraft & John) comb. nov. with descriptions or P. cyclocolpum and P. chrysymenioides suggests that the three species are closely related.
... Kajimura (1987) used the absence of surface ruffling in P. tokidae to separate it from P. laciniosa. However, Schils and Coppejans (2002) indicated that their Predaea specimens referable to P. laciniosa lacked ruffling and hinted at the possible conspecificity of the two species. Puerto Rican plants possessed a slightly ruffled surface ( Figure 2). ...
Eleven species of benthic marine algae from deep and shallow habitats are newly reported for Puerto Rico. These include rhodophytes: Hypneocolax stellaris, Predaea laciniosa, Botryocladia monoica, B. papenfussiana, Rhododictyon bermudense, Hypoglossum caloglos-soides; heterokonts: Chrysocystis fragilis, Dictyota friabilis, D. hamifera; and chlorophytes: Boergesenia forbesii, Derbesia osterhoutii. The Puerto Rican collections of Predaea laciniosa, Boergesenia forbesi and Chrysocystis fragilis are new records for the Atlantic Ocean.
... In T. pikeana, the elongated involucral cells develop from the cortical cells and basal cells of the involucral filaments become irregularly branched. According to information from literature, Schils and Coppejans (2002) and De Clerck (2004) described that T. pikeana and T. weberae are the same species. Mshigeni and Papenfuss (1980) also reported that carpogonial branches of these two species are 3-celled (as cited in Bucher and Norris 1992). ...
The genus Titanophora (J. Agardh) Feldmann, firstly collected from Mazin, Rakhine State and
Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Division from 2000 to 2007, is identified as T. pikeana (Dickie)
Feldmann, based mainly on its morphology of vegetative features. These plants are
characterized by the slightly calcarious, lubricous and complanate manners with irregular to
subdichotomous branching and the obtuse apex. Moreover, few marginal proliferations are
normally formed below each branch. Involucral filaments are unbranched or irregularly
branched along with glands cells. The main characteristics of this alga are compared with those
of the previously known species of Titanophora spp. growing around the world.
