Figs 22-29 - uploaded by Gastón Guzmán
Content may be subject to copyright.
-Psilocybe subtropical!*.-22. Basidioma.-23. Spores.-24. Basidia.-25. Pleurocystidia.-26. Cheilocystidia.-27. Spores.-28. Pleurocystidia.-29. Cheilocystidia (22-26 from the type; 27-29 from Sampieri 987).-Scale bar = 10 µm, except in 22 = 20 mm.
Source publication
A revision of 29 species and varieties and more than 80 records of Psilocybe after 1980 and not considered in Guzmán's monograph (1983) are discussed. In addition, P. chlapanensis, P. meridensis, P. moseri, P. natarajanii and P. subtropicalis are described as new. P. aquamarina, P. ramulosum, P. paulensis, P. septentrionalis, Naematoloma gigaspora...
Similar publications
The purpose of this research was to develop an EFL course book for the first semester learners at the Islamic junior high school in Indonesia. The material development includes some procedures of need analysis, material development, expert validation, material revision, try-out and final revision. Based on the results of questionnaires distributed...
According to the results of taxonomic revision, it was established that the genus Asplenium L. in the natural flora of Ukraine is represented by 14 species, but the presence of A. fontanum (L.) Bernh. needs additional confirmation. The concept of modern distribution of A. × heufleri Reichardt and A. cuneifolium Viv. in the territory of the country...
This paper revisits the debate over whether the study of facilitation requires ecologists to revise their understanding of the relationship between realized and fundamental niches as conceptualized by Hutchinson. Following Rodriguez-Cabal et al. (2012), I argue against Bruno et al.’s (2003) claim that facilitation can make a species’ realized niche...
The achene of Elatostema owns high morphological diversity indicates its usefulness in delimitation. However over half of Chinese species are lacking of achene information. In this paper based on our field collection and specimen checking by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) we supplement the description illustration and...
Citations
... Psilocybe bispora because of its bluing reaction belongs to the hallucinogenic species of the genus, following the criterion of Singer and Smith (1958) and Guzmán (1995). For its two types of basidiospores, subrhomboid thick-walled and subellipsoid thin-walled does not fit in any of the accepted caerulescent sections known (Guzmán, 1995(Guzmán, , 2004. ...
... Psilocybe bispora because of its bluing reaction belongs to the hallucinogenic species of the genus, following the criterion of Singer and Smith (1958) and Guzmán (1995). For its two types of basidiospores, subrhomboid thick-walled and subellipsoid thin-walled does not fit in any of the accepted caerulescent sections known (Guzmán, 1995(Guzmán, , 2004. According to Guzmán (1995) and Noordeloos (2001) the form of basidiospores and the thickness of their wall are important taxonomic features in Psilocybe, and for Guzman (1995) this is the base of the division of the genus in sections. ...
... For its two types of basidiospores, subrhomboid thick-walled and subellipsoid thin-walled does not fit in any of the accepted caerulescent sections known (Guzmán, 1995(Guzmán, , 2004. According to Guzmán (1995) and Noordeloos (2001) the form of basidiospores and the thickness of their wall are important taxonomic features in Psilocybe, and for Guzman (1995) this is the base of the division of the genus in sections. Thus the following new section is proposed to accomodate this new species. ...
Guzmán G., A. E., Franco-Molano & F. Ramírez-Guillén: New section and new species of a bluing Psilocybe (Fungi, Basidiomycotina, Agaricales) from Colombia. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 31(121): 469-472, 2007. ISSN 0370-3908. Psilocybe bispora is described as a new caerulescent species from Antioquia, Colombia. The species is characterized by having two types of basidiospores: subrhomboid thick-walled, and subellipsoid thin-walled, when observed in face-view. Psilocybe bispora belongs to a new section of the genus, section Bisporae, here described. Both the species and the section belong to the hallucinogenic mushrooms of the genus because of the bluing feature of the basidioma. Resumen Se describe Psilocybe bispora como una especie nueva y cerulescente, colectada en el Departa-mento de Antioquia, Colombia. Se distingue por poseer dos tipos de basidiosporas, unas subromboides de pared gruesa y otras subelipsoides de pared delgada, en ambos casos cuando se observan en vista frontal. Esta especie se adscribe a una nueva sección del género, Bisporae, aquí propuesta. El carácter cerulescente de este Psilocybe hace que la sección corresponda al grupo de las especies alucinógenas. Palabras clave: Hongos alucinógenos, Psilocybe bispora, sección Bisporae.
... Traditional classifications of Psilocybe s.l. are those proposed by Guzmán (1983Guzmán ( , 1995, Singer (1986), Watling and Gregory (1987), and Noordeloos (2011). Guzmán (1983Guzmán ( , 1995 included eight non-hallucinogenic sections, i.e., Deconica: Atrobrunnea, Blattariopsidae, Coprophilae, Merdariae, Pratensae, Psilocybe, Singerianae, and Squamosae. ...
... Traditional classifications of Psilocybe s.l. are those proposed by Guzmán (1983Guzmán ( , 1995, Singer (1986), Watling and Gregory (1987), and Noordeloos (2011). Guzmán (1983Guzmán ( , 1995 included eight non-hallucinogenic sections, i.e., Deconica: Atrobrunnea, Blattariopsidae, Coprophilae, Merdariae, Pratensae, Psilocybe, Singerianae, and Squamosae. Meanwhile, Singer (1986) included five nonhallucinogenic sections: Atrobrunnea, Chrysocystidiatae, Merdariae, Psilocybe, and Septembres. ...
... Merdariae following Singer (1986), Watling and Gregory (1987), and Noordeloos (2011), or in two, viz. Coprophilae and Merdariae (Guzmán 1983(Guzmán , 1995 did not form one monophyletic group (Fig. 1). Besides the coprophilous species found in clades a and b, other coprophilous species (D. fuegiana, D. merdaria, and D. pegleriana) were recovered in a basal position in relation to clade b. ...
Two new species of Deconica with chrysocystidia are described from Australia and Mexico. Deconica milvispora, from a warm temperate rainforest in Queensland, Australia, is characterized by rhomboid basidiospores with nodulose angles not observed in any member of the genus until now. Deconica esperancensis, from a cloud forest in the south of Mexico, is characterized by subrhomboid basidiospores and short cheilocystidia. Full descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons with similar species are provided for both species. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses were performed employing sequences of nuc ITS rDNA, including seven new sequences from historical type collections of D. aequatoriae, D. alpestris, D. semiinconspicua, Deconica submaritima, D. thailandensis, D. umbrina, and Psilocybe subrunneocystidiata (= Deconica neorhombispora). As expected, the results showed the phylogenetic position of the new species described here within Deconica sect. Chrysocystidiatae, a supported monophyletic group. This section comprises many species, the majority with chrysocystidia, ten of them newly discovered but unnamed taxa. At this time, two taxa are described. Additionally, discussion of the traits found in the four major clades of Deconica is presented.
... Cabe mencionar no obstante, que debido a su alto valor comercial, sólo en el caso de las trufas (Tuber spp.) existen estudios que demuestran que efectivamente éstas prácticas sí aumentan la abundancia de organismos y/o esporomas. En el caso de hongos utilizados en la terapéutica indígena, para los hongos enteógenos del género Psilocybe -manejados por los mazatecos de Oaxaca con fines curativoadivinatorios-, existen evidencias de que también se realizaba un fomento del crecimiento estas especies (Guzmán, 1995). ...
RESUMEN Con frecuencia encontramos estudios con enfoque etnoecológico o etnobiológico en los cuales se enfatiza la importancia del registro, valoración, conservación y fortalecimiento de los conocimientos, prácticas y concepciones locales y tradicionales relacionados con la biota. Generalmente partimos del supuesto de que tales prácticas son compatibles con la conservación y manejo sustentable del entorno natural. Sin embargo, a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, varias culturas originarias que ahora podemos catalogar como tradicionales, nativas o indígenas pudieron ser causantes de extinciones de especies animales y vegetales, debido a un aprovechamiento excesivo o por modificaciones importantes al medio. Ante ello nos preguntamos: ¿es posible que las prácticas terapéuticas, tradicionales, ancestrales, indígenas, pudieran ser incompatibles con la conservación y sustentabilidad de elementos del entorno ecológico? En ese sentido se desarrolla la presente reflexión.
... Many Deconica species were often considered members of the genus Psilocybe s.l. [35] but Deconica has been recently separated from Psilocybe by phylogenetic analyses using nuclear large ribosomal subunit rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and rpb1 markers [36]. Although Deconica shares several morphological characteristics with Psilocybe, it can be distinguished from Psilocybe by multigene-based phylogenies [36]. ...
Ulleung Island is a biodiversity hotspot in South Korea. During a survey of indigenous fungal species from Ulleung Island conducted from 2015 to 2016, we discovered 10 unrecorded macrofungi in Korea. These macrofungi were identified to the species level using morphological features and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region: Deconica phyllogena, Mycena zephirus, Phaeomarasmius proximans, Phlebia radiata, Pluteus semibulbosus, Postia alni, Resinicium pinicola, Scytinostroma portentosum, Tricholomopsis flammula, and Tyromyces kmetii. We also provide detailed morphological descriptions for these 10 species.
... The identified specimens have been deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) India, under the Accession No. PUN. For taxonomic studies, Rea (1922), Murrill (1923), Arora (1986), Watling and Gregory (1987), Guzmán (1995), Stamets (1996), Kirk et al. (2008) and Kroeger (2009) have been followed. Distribution and ecology: Murrill (1923) reported P. sabulosa from New York, growing on sandy soil in pastures, often from clumps of living grasses. ...
... Distribution and ecology: Murrill (1923) reported P. sabulosa from New York, growing on sandy soil in pastures, often from clumps of living grasses. Guzmán (1995) found P. sabulosa growing on sand or sandy soil in U.S. and Argentina. Kroeger (2009) reported P. sabulosa growing in sand, in coastal dunes with dune grass Ammophila and Carex macrocephala or in dry sandy soil of arid bunchgrass and antelope-brush steppes of Canada. ...
... The external and internal details of above examined collections match well with the details given for Psilocybe sabulosa Peck by Murrill (1923), Guzmán (1995) and Kroeger (2009). This species is mainly found in arid zone on sandy dune or sandy soil, also the stipe base is completely covered with white mycelial mat just above the ground as described by Kroeger (2009). ...
Four species of Psilocybe have been worked out for their morphological and anatomical details, namely P. sabulosa, P. moelleri, P. uda var. elongata and P. coprophila. Out of which P. moelleri and P. uda var. elongata are recorded for the first time from India and P. sabulosa and P. coprophila are first time reports from North India.
... Guzmán (1983) treated these species as conspecific, claiming that the usual features to segregate both have no taxonomic value. Later, Guzmán (1995) considered both as independent taxa, adding the presence of pleurocystidia in P. subaeruginascens as another distinguishing character. This confusion may be explained by the bad conditions of both type materials and few recent materials collected. ...
Ten species of Deconica and Psilocybe are reported from the Pampa and Atlantic Forest biomes of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Deconica musacearum, a new introduced combination, is reported as new from Rio Grande do Sul. Psilocybe subaeruginascens, a hallucinogenic mushroom is reported as new from America.
... Whereas the original authors considered it related to P. merdaria (Fr.: Fr.) Ricken in Psilocybe sect. Merdariae (Hausknecht & Singer 1986), Guzmán (1995) and Noordeloos (1999) classified it in Psilocybe sect. Atrobrunneae. ...
... Available sequences of related species, including those from our previous studies (Borovička et al. , 2012 were downloaded from public databases. Collections of P. atrobrunnea, P. pelliculosa, and P. silvatica were identified according to Guzmán (1983Guzmán ( , 1995, Noordeloos (1999), Borovička (2006Borovička ( , 2011, and Guzmán et al. (2008). Canadian specimens of P. silvatica kept at DAOM could not be used for DNA extraction, but template DNA extracted from a strain (isolated from the collection DAOM 187848) was kindly donated by Scott A. Redhead. ...
... According to Ramírez-Cruz et al. (2013), the species formerly classified in Psilocybe sect. Semilanceateae (Guzmán 1995) are not monophyletic and this was also shown in our analysis (Fig. 4d); the wood rotting species of the so-called P. cyanescens complex are included in a separate lineage together with P. cubensis (Psilocybe sect. Cubensae according to Guzmán 1995) and the secotioid P. weraroa. ...
Five Psilocybe species with unresolved systematic position (P. atrobrunnea, P. laetissima, P. medul- losa, P. pelliculosa, and P. silvatica) were investigated using four molecular markers (EF1-α, ITS, LSU, and IGS). Phylogenetic analysis
revealed that with the exception of P. laetissima, which is now rightfully classified in the genus Leratiomyces, all investigated species belong to Psilocybe sect. Psilocybe. For the first time, psychotropic compounds psilocin and psilocybin were detected in P.
medullosa using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. On the contrary, neither psilocin, nor psilocybin was detected in P. atrobrunnea and negative results were also obtained from mycelia grown in vitro on tryptamine/tryptophan-amended media. These results strongly suggest that
biosynthesis of these alkaloids was lost in P. atrobrunnea. With the exception of minor differences detected in EF1-α marker, all sequences of American and European collections of P. atrobrunnea were identical. On the other hand, a thorough nomenclatural study revealed
that the name P. atrobrunnea must be considered dubious; the oldest available candidate name, P. fuscofulva, was therefore adopted. The molecular data suggests that morphologically identical American P. silvatica and European P. medullosa likely represent distinct
species; epitypes of both taxa were therefore designated.
... (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) is well-known for its hallucinogenic species, which have aroused the interests of many mycologists (Guzmán 1983, Guzmán et al. 1998, Andersson et al. 2008. There have been considerable taxonomic and systematic studies on this group over the last six decades (Heim & Wasson 1958, Singer & Smith 1958, Guzmán 1983, 1995, Singer 1986, Stamets 1996, Noordeloos 1999, 2011, Moncalvo et al. 2002, Matheny et al. 2006, Redhead et al. 2007, Ramírez-Cruz et al. 2013. More than 150 hallucinogenic species of Psilocybe are known worldwide (Guzmán 2005(Guzmán , 2009, with about 25 Asiatic species of bluing Psilocybe recorded mainly from tropical or subtropical forests in south and southeast Asia (Guzmán 2009, Guzmán & Yang 2010, Guzmán et al. 2012. ...
... Sm.1937: 58) Singer & A.H. Smith (1958, P. taiwanensis , P. venenata, P. wayanadensis K.A. Thomas, Manimohan & Guzmán (2002: 198) and P. yungensis Singer & A.H. Smith (1958: 142) are bluing species. Considering there are more than 200 species of Psilocybe (Guzmán 1983(Guzmán , 1995 known worldwide, and China has a diverse macrofungi (Yang 2005, Dai & Zhuang 2010, He & Dai 2012, Mortimer et al. 2012. Zeng et al. 2013, the number of species of Psilocybe known in China seems to be under represented. ...
A new bluing species of Psilocybe in sect. Caerulescentes is described from subtropical China. It is closely related to P.
cubensis but can be differentiated by the lack of an annulus and the buff-yellow to yellowish brown, hemispheric to
hemispheric-convex pileus without an umbo or papilla. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, nrLSU and combined rpb2-tef1-α
datasets using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference also indicate its uniqueness. The relationship with P.
cubensis is well-supported by molecular data with high support values in all three datasets. Psilocybe chuxiongensis sp.
nov. is presented here with a description, photographs, and line drawings.
... The most comprehensive studies on Psilocybe s.l. (i.e., including Deconica) are the monograph of the section Caerulescentes (Singer & Smith 1958 b), the world monograph of Psilocybe and its supplement (Guzmán 1983(Guzmán , 1995, the contributions of Singer (1986), and Noordeloos (2011), in this case, who treated Deconica and Psilocybe independently. Infrageneric classifications were made considering Psilocybe in a broad sense. ...
... Taxa are presented alphabetically by the basionym; the accepted name is given in bold. The study includes species that formerly were placed in the hallucinogenic sections proposed by Guzmán (1983Guzmán ( , 1995; of these, five currently correspond to the nonbluing genus Deconica. Six names are proposed in synonymy. ...
... Basidiospore shape in frontal view has been an important character in the infrageneric classification of the genera Psilocybe and Deconica (Guzmán 1983(Guzmán , 1995. Many terms have been applied to the specific shapes, but they were used inconsistently and sometimes with different meanings. ...
A revision of 40 types from ten herbaria is presented to contribute to the taxonomic understanding of Psilocybe and Deconica. In all cases, descriptions of the types were completed, with characters not previously included such as the presence of pileocystidia, subhymenium type, and arrangement of the hyphae from pileus trama. We found that P. chiapanensis and P. subyungensis are synonyms of P. yungensis, P. bipleurocystidiata of P. subtropicalis, P. subacutipilea of P. mexicana, P. ochreata of D. montana, and P. overeemii is a synonym of D. neocaledonica. Also, five species that were formerly considered to be bluing actually correspond to the nonhallucinogenic genus Deconica: Psilocybe aureicystidiata, P. goniospora, P. neocaledonica, P. ochreata, and P. overeemii. Thus, the new combinations Deconica aureicystidiata, comb, nov., and Deconica neocaledonica, comb, nov., are proposed.
... The genus Psilocybe s.str. (Strophariaceae, higher Basidiomycetes) has been reconsidered, and a new edition of the monograph The Genus Psilocybe 1 and its Suppement, 2 including the section on Zapotecorum, which will soon be published. The Zapotecorum differ from other mushrooms of the genus in their thin-walled subellipsoid basidiospores. ...
The subtropical Japanese bluing mushroom Psilocybe subcaerulipes, described by Hongo, has several synonyms: P. argentipes by Yokoyama (also from Japan), P. taiwanensis by Guzman and Yang (from Taiwan), and P. thaizapoteca by Guzman, Ramirez-Guillen, and Karunaratna (from Thailand). The study of the holotypes and others specimens of these mushrooms shows that they have basidiospores, pleurocystidia, cheilocystidia, and several other important taxonomic features in common, as well as habitat. Recent discussions of all Japanese hallucinogenic species of Psilocybe and their neurotropic effects are also considered.
