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Background and Aim:
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pH, buffering capacity, viscosity and flow rate of saliva in caries free, minimal caries and nursing caries children and to evaluate the relationship of these on the caries activity of children.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 75 school children of age group between 4 and 12 ye...
Citations
... The negative effects of smoking traditional cigarettes on oral health have been well documented to date. It is known that longterm smoking of traditional cigarettes affects the quantitative and qualitative composition of saliva (decreased secretion/buffering capacity, altered bacterial microflora with predominance of anaerobic bacteria, imbalance in the salivary redox status and inflammation) (Voelker et al., 2013;Animireddy et al., 2014;Zięba et al., 2022Zięba et al., , 2024. ...
Objective: Smoking is the cause of numerous oral pathologies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in healthy young adults.
Design: Three groups of twenty-five smokers each as well as a control group matched in terms of age, gender, and oral status were enrolled in the study. In unstimulated saliva collected from study groups and participants from the control group, the concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assessed by Bio-Plex® Multiplex System.
Results: We demonstrated that smoking traditional cigarettes is responsible for increasing the level of IFN-γ compared to non-smokers and new smoking devices users in unstimulated saliva in the initial period of addiction. Furthermore, e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn products appear to have a similar mechanism of affecting the immune response system of unstimulated saliva, leading to inhibition of the local inflammatory response in the oral cavity.
Conclusion: Smoking traditional cigarettes as well as e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn products is responsible for changes of the local immune response in saliva. Further research is necessary to fill the gap in knowledge on the effect of new smoking devices on the oral cavity immune system.
... The results of this research are as per the findings of studies performed by Preethi et al. 5 and Prabhakar et al. 3 Children with caries were found to have a slightly lower salivary flow rate than children without caries. Animireddy et al., 6 in their research study, stated that the mean ...
... Fourthly, through its bacterial killing action. 2 Nowadays, children are exposed to different types of beverages and processed food. It is advocated that the excessive consumption of carbonated soft drinks especially by young children is considered a major risk indicator for development of dental caries for primary dentition and should be diminished. ...
... In addition, an antimicrobial 15-mer peptide may be released upon proteolytic degradation of MUC7 [39]. Some studies demonstrate that increased salivary viscosity is a risk factor for dental caries [40]. When saliva viscosity in rats was enhanced by intubation with tung oil, they developed more caries than rats intubated with water or corn oil [41]. ...
Introduction:
In this study, the relationship between the spinnbarkeit, i.e., the stretchability of saliva, and dental caries was investigated.
Methods:
Dentistry students were divided into a group with more than 2 decayed, missed, and filled teeth (DMFT ≥2, n = 30) and caries-free group (DMFT = 0, n = 36).
Results:
Unstimulated saliva flow rate, pH, and spinnbarkeit were determined. Salivary spinnbarkeit was significantly lower in the caries-prone group compared to the caries-free group (5.4 ± 3.9 mm vs. 13.5 ± 7.6 mm, respectively, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
This suggests that saliva with high spinnbarkeit protects better against dental caries.
... Según Animireddy y colaboradores, los componentes salivales intervienen en funciones de vital importancia como el inicio del proceso de digestión, la lubricación, la formación de película adquirida, la adherencia o agregación bacteriana, la formación del biofilm dental y la provisión de un medio protector para el diente; así como para mantener el pH de la cavidad oral y contribuye a regular el pH del biofilm dental; mantiene la integridad dentaria por medio de su acción de limpieza de hidratos de carbono y regula el medio iónico para la remineralización. 30 Jairo y asociados mencionan que en el proceso carioso podemos comenzar por ver la patología desde el punto de vista bioquímico. El esmalte dental contiene entre 80 y 90% de su volumen de cristales de hidroxiapatita de calcio, el 10-20% restante está constituido de material orgánico generalmente proteico, su distribución no es homogénea y está relacionada con la morfología específica del diente. ...
... Inhaled CSs have also been reported to increase dental plaque accumulation among adolescents; thus, increasing the risk for the development of caries [3]. Similar to inhalers, systemic CSs have been found to decrease salivary pH and increase salivary viscosity, which both could increase the risk of dental caries [41][42][43]. As of today, the exact mechanism behind the increased risk of dental caries with chronic CSs use is yet to be determined. ...
Corticosteroids (CSs) are a group of medications prescribed regularly to treat a wide range of inflammatory and immune-related conditions with great benefit. The impact of long-term use of CSs on the oral cavity has been reported before, including increased risk of periodontal disease and dental caries. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients using CSs. A literature review was completed using PubMed and Cochrane search engines. The search was based on questions related to adults and children (P); corticosteroids (I); no corticosteroids (C); and dental caries (O) (PICO questions) using the keywords "steroids" and "caries" with all relevant variations and MeSH terms. Decay missing filling tooth/decay missing filling surface (DMFT/DMFS) scores were selected as parameters to assess the effects of CSs on caries prevalence. Data was extracted and analyzed for comparisons. The search yielded 1,206 articles from January 2001 to January 2023, of which 21 papers were eligible for analysis. Overall, 14 studies reported an increase in caries with CSs use. However, seven studies failed to report an association of caries prevalence with CSs use. Current evidence supports the correlation between increased risk of caries with chronic CSs use, specifically for inhaler formulation. Future studies with randomized controlled clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
... Effective treatment of IDA in children can significantly improve the pH and buffering capacity of the saliva [48]. Evidence has also shown that the function of the salivary glands in patients with ID is often impaired, resulting in decreased salivation secretion and reduced buffering capacity [49]. To further explore the effects of iron levels on the salivary glands, a histopathological examination was conducted. ...
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional disease associated with early childhood caries. This study aimed to explore the role of iron levels in pathological changes of dental caries in childhood. Rats were divided into four groups based on their iron content: IDA, positive control (PC), high iron (HI), and negative control (NC). Except for the rats in the NC group, rats in the other groups were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and fed cariogenic high-sugar fodder to induce caries. Three months later, the caries status of the molars was evaluated at both the smooth and sulcal surfaces according to Keyes scores. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to reveal microstructural changes in caries. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the elemental composition of the enamel and dentin. In addition, the histopathology of the salivary gland was detected using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The results showed that rats in the PC group exhibited obvious carious lesions. The carious score was significantly higher in the IDA group than in the PC group but was lower in the HI group. SEM revealed complete destruction of the enamel and damage to the middle dentin in the IDA group. In contrast, the molars in the HI group exhibited some degree of enamel demineralization, but the underlying dentin was almost intact. In addition, the elemental compositions of the enamel and dentin were similar among the four groups, and iron was detected only in the HI group. No differences were observed in the morphological structures of the salivary glands of rats from the different groups. In conclusion, ID enhanced the pathological damage of caries, whereas HI weakened it. Iron may participate in the pathological damage caused by childhood caries by affecting enamel mineralization.
... Studies have reported that pH and buffering capacity of saliva were high in caries free children as compared to caries active children [28][29][30][31][32][33] The Ph required for enamel dissolution to initiate dental caries should fall below critical pH, hence higher salivary pH in caries free children might be making the caries initiation difficult. Similarly, high buffering capacity of saliva neutralizes the acid produced by micro-organism and hence less chance of caries initiation. ...
Background:
Early Childhood Caries is a chronic disease of childhood and salivary parameters are considered as one of the prime etiological factors of Early Childhood Caries.
Aim:
To develop a systematic review based on the relation between physical and chemical properties of saliva and Early childhood caries by comparing children with and without Early childhood caries.
Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and additional manual search was done up to April 2021 to identify the original cross-sectional observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed based on New castle Ottawa guidelines.
Results:
From a total of 1709 identified studies, only 22 articles were included in this systematic review and 10 studies were qualified for meta-analysis. Eight studies were classified as ''moderate risk of bias'' and fourteen studies were classified as ''high risk of bias''.
Conclusion:
There was a significant difference in physical and chemical properties of saliva in children with and without Early childhood caries. Since wide disparity were evident in available studies, further studies are needed to arrive to a definitive conclusion.
... The value of the viscous resistance varies directly with respect to the viscosity of the fluid and the length of the tube. Ostwald's viscometer method is a reliable, easy, and reproducible method to assess the viscosity of the fluid that works on the principle of Poiseuille's law [29][30][31][32]. Maintenance of balance in salivary pH (either alkaline or acidic) helps in balancing essential minerals, electrolytes, and enzymes that function to strengthen mineralized tooth structures and provide anti-inflammatory and immune function against plaque and microbial build-up. ...
... Salivary parameters[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] ...
Background
Xerostomia (dryness of the mouth) is one of the most common long-term consequences of ageing, and it causes a tremendous impact on the function and morphology of the salivary ductal system. As a consequence, it leads to a decrease in the amount of salivary output and also affects the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrostimulation using a custom designed transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device will help to improve the quality of secreted saliva following electrostimulation.
Methods
One hundred thirty-five participants underwent the intervention for three months, twice daily (80 Hz). Pre-intervention and post-intervention unstimulated saliva were collected. Parameters such as salivary pH, cortisol level, salivary antioxidants, total protein, the viscosity of saliva, and microbial carriage were analysed.
Results
Salivary pH, cortisol, microbial cultures, viscosity, and antioxidants showed a significant difference at the end of the 3rd month ( p < 0.05). Irrespective of the patient's age, gender, and common underlying systemic illnesses (diabetes and hypertension), a significant change in the quality of the salivary analytes was observed.
Conclusion
The study emphasises the use of a custom designed TENS device in improving the quality of secreted saliva among old patients with oral dryness.
... Це призводить до зниження процесів дифузії в емалі зуба і створення умов для розвитку демінералізації емалі. Результати досліджень [14] свідчать, що в'язкість ротової рідини впливає на формування резистентної до карієсу емалі. ...
One of the factors in the development of dental caries in children with malocclusion is the insufficient enamel mineralization in different age periods, that is, its resistance is reduced. An important role in the formation of enamel resistance is played by the oral fluid, in particular its physical properties, mineralization potential and protective mechanisms. Fluctuations in the pH of the oral fluid significantly depend on the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and the nature of the food. At the same time, the possibility of access of mineral elements to the surface of the enamel significantly worsens in case of increased viscosity and decreased rate of saliva secretion of oral fluid. This, in turn, contributes to the reduction of diffusion processes in tooth enamel and the creation of conditions for the development of enamel demineralization. The purpose of the investigation is to study the peculiarities of the physical properties of oral fluid in children with malocclusion at different levels of enamel resistance. Research methods. It was found that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the oral fluid of the examined children with malocclusion is, on average, 6.67±0.05 units, and the viscosity and rate of saliva secretion is 2.32±0.06 rel. unit and 0.43±0.02 ml/min. In children with anomalies of individual teeth, the average pH value of the oral fluid is 6.93±0.08 units, while with anomalies of the dental arches and occlusion, there is a shift of the pH to the acidic side. In 12and 15-year-old children with anomalies of occlusion and caries-resistant enamel, the pH of the oral fluid is higher by 7.46% and 7.85%, respectively, compared to children with conditional-resistant and caries-susceptible enamel, the viscosity of the oral fluid is lower by 40.49% and 33.48%, respectively, and the rate of salivation is higher by 26.19% and 22.92%, which changes the function of oral fluid in the latter towards the demineralizing solution. Conclusions. Thus, the detected changes in the physical properties of the oral fluid in children with malocclusion and reduced enamel resistance may be important in the pathogenesis of dental caries development, as in such conditions the function of the oral fluid changes from mineralizing to demineralizing.
