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Background
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most frequently seen cancers worldwide.
Methods
The medical records of patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Hatay Antakya pathology laboratory between January 2010 and September 2012 were retrospectively included in the study. Tumors were catego...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... differentiated SCC (grade 1) is a tumor which consists of irregular masses of epidermal cells which show decreased dermal proliferation. Abundant keratinization/keratocysts, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, nucleus that shows large vesicles, minimal pleomorphism, and minimal mitosis in the center of the tumor were seen (Figure 3). Moderately differentiated SCCs were seen on the face (63.6%). ...Similar publications
Context
The incorporation of high-resolution cameras into smartphones has allowed for a variety of medical applications including the use of lens attachments that provide telescopic, macroscopic, and dermatoscopic data, but the feasibility and performance characteristics of such a platform for use in dermatopathology have not been described.
Objec...
Citations
... Poorly differentiated tumors may have sparse keratinization and/or intercellular bridging, but are overall difficult to identify as squamous, and undifferentiated tumors are completely anaplastic [21,72]. Two other articles in this review utilized this grading system [11,45]. ...
Poor differentiation is strongly associated with poor outcomes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In addition, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines designate poorly differentiated tumors as “very high risk”. Despite its clear prognostic implications, there is no standardized grading system for CSCC differentiation in common use today. CSCC differentiation is graded inconsistently by both dermatopathologists and Mohs surgeons, and reliability studies have demonstrated suboptimal inter- and intra-rater reliability in both of these groups. The absence of a standardized and reliable grading system has impeded the use of differentiation in CSCC staging, despite its apparent correlation with disease outcomes. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature summarizing historical CSCC differentiation grading systems, as well as grading systems in non-cutaneous head and neck SCC as a point of reference. Relevant articles were identified by searching Embase and PubMed, as well as by reviewing reference lists for additional articles and histology textbook excerpts. CSCC grading systems that were identified and summarized include the historical Broders system, the World Health Organization system, the College of American Pathologists’ system, and a system described by a 2023 Delphi consensus panel of dermatopathologists.
... The considered RG405 probe can accurately measure lesions down to 2 mm in diameter with minimum interference from adjacent healthy skin in the lateral direction. In a study conducted on 127 skin lesions [27], around 98.5% of lesions were observed to have dimensions greater than 2mm. Therefore, the adopted probe is expected to measure most skin lesions observed in the clinical environment. ...
The dielectric properties of normal and cancerous skin vary with frequency due to changes in water content and tissue composition. Developing a reliable microwave system for skin cancer detection requires accurate characterization of that change in the dielectric properties. A possible choice is the Cole-Cole model, which can accurately fit the measured dielectric data for tissues. However, fitting the non-linear Cole-Cole model parameters with the measured data requires a sophisticated optimization algorithm. This study proposes an adaptive weighted vector means optimization algorithm, which employs adaptive initialization, logarithmic spaces, and enhanced local search mechanism, resulting in improved accuracy with fewer iterations. The algorithm is evaluated using dielectric data from healthy skin, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma and is found to outperform other relevant algorithms. One of the salient features of this study is that a set of clinical melanoma dielectric data is acquired, analyzed, and physically interpreted in terms of relaxation frequency and dispersion across 0.3 GHz to 14 GHz. It is found that melanoma closely follows the second-order Debye model, which is a special case for the second-order Cole-Cole model with a zero-valued dispersion broadening parameter. Although melanoma data is obtained from one lesion because of the low incidence rate, the research findings will contribute to a better understanding skin cancer at microwave frequencies. A triangular plot, which shows model fitness accuracy and the number of iterations, is presented to summarize the advantages of the algorithm.
... Therefore, Probe 3 can accurately measure skin lesions with diameters greater than 2 mm diameter with minimum interference from adjacent healthy skin. In the study [30] conducted on 127 non-melanoma skin cancers, only 1.5% Figure 9: The considered simulation scenario for probe's sensing radius analysis. ...
A handheld microwave system for
in-vivo
skin lesion detection and classification is presented. The system includes a microwave probe, which operates in contact with the skin, a compact inline one-port vector network analyzer and a processing algorithm. To detect lesions originating at the dermal-epidermal junction, the system uses an open-ended coaxial probe with a sensing volume that ensures maximum response from the skin layer. The Open-Water-Load calibration is used to convert the probe’s complex reflection coefficient to dielectric properties. The system operates within a safe specific absorption rate (below 1.6 W/kg) across the band of interest with a total combined uncertainty of 1% and 1.9% for the dielectric constant and loss factor, respectively. To enable reliable measurements and eliminate data corruption that might be caused by the subject’s movement or air gaps at the probe-skin interface, the system includes a force sensor to ensure full probe-skin contact during
in-vivo
measurements. The system was clinically tested on 19 suspected skin lesions in the arm region. The results indicate a clear separation in the dielectric properties between malignant and benign dermal lesions at frequencies between 1 and 14 GHz. Further analysis suggests that the contrast in the dielectric constant between malignant non-melanoma lesions and their corresponding benign conditions is statistically significant at frequencies higher than 1 GHz. Additionally, the dielectric contrast between each tested lesion and its adjacent healthy skin results in a distinguishable grouping of non-melanoma lesions, enabling their successful classification. Those results indicate the potential clinical use of the system.
... The commonest clinical presentation of skin cancer was ulcerated lesion in 162 (78.3%) of patients in this study, which is consistent with other studies conducted in Turkey and Tanzania (16,19). This could be due to late presentation for different reasons like nancial problem, low accesses to health facility or prefer traditional healers. ...
... Histologically the majority (86/98 (87.7%)) SCC cases were diagnosed as well differentiated SCC which was consistent with studies done in Nepal (81.3%) and Turkey (64.5%) (1,19). ...
... It was found to be generally low in most African studies including Ethiopia (13,17,18). However, in most western countries BCC (2,4,19) and Asian countries (1,8,12,15) BCC the commonest skin cancer. It may be due to melanin pigment in dark skinned individuals which absorb UV radiation and prevent sun burn and skin cancer. ...
Background
Skin cancer is a major global public health problem and the incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. However, the data about the pattern in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This study aims to determine histopathologic patterns of skin cancer and associated factors in patients with skin cancer.
Method and materials
A retrospective cross-sectional study was done with a review of 207 biopsies that were histologically diagnosed as skin cancer at the Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) between August 2018 and August 2022. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 26 and descriptive and analytic studies were done. For all statistical significance tests, p < 0.05 and AOR with 95% CI were used. Logistic regression with multivariate analysis was done to identify independent predictor factors and determine the association between variables.
Results
The majority of skin cancer occurred in the 7th decade 49 (23.7%)) with a mean age of 50 ± 16.1 with slight female predominance 109 (52.7%). The commonest site for skin cancer was lower extremity 113 (54.6%) and ulceration 162 (78.3%) was the most common presenting symptom. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 98 (47.3%) was the commonest skin cancer followed by cutaneous melanoma (CM) 50 (24.2%). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 13 (6.3%) was 5th skin cancer. Using the lower extremity as a reference group, head and neck skin cancer cases had an AOR of 6.03 being involved by Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (CI: 2.23–16.31, P = 0.000) and trunk skin cancer cases had AOR of 9.204 (CI: 1.16- 73, p = 0.036) being involved by NMSC.
Conclusion
NMSC was 3 times more common than MSC. The most common type of skin cancer is SCC followed by CM but BCC is a rare skin cancer. In contrast to Western and Asian countries, the lower extremity was the most common site for skin cancer which indicates differences in predisposing factors in different areas. Overall, the Lower extremity was the most common site of involvement. There is a statistically significant association between anatomic site and incidence of NMSC which warrants further study.
... The main etiological factor that increases the risk of development of apoptosis and cutaneous malignancy, specifically non-melanoma cancer, is UV-A solar radiation [131]. ...
Ultraviolet radiation serve as a principal carter to dermatoheliosis, also professed as extrinsic aging or photoaging that encompasses premature skin vicissitudes secondary to damage instigated by chronic sun exposure. The present literature study embarks on the fundamental understanding of molecular/pathophysiological mechanisms and signal transduction pathways convoluted in the process of photoaging. Special impetus have also been laid to the morphological, biological and histological aspects highlighting the impact of age, gender, type of skin, intensity of radiation exposure and cellular biomarkers. Further, this review examines the state-of-the-art practices or experimental models (such as in vitro cell lines/in vivo animal models/ex vivo skin models) employed for the physicochemical and toxicological characterization of nanobiomaterials in photoaging research. Efforts have been made to recapitulate the potential application of phytoprotectants based nanotherapies or approaches in the efficacious management of photoaging. Furthermore, the study aims to disseminate the recent advances (in terms of patented compositions, novel nanotechnologies and commercial nanoformulations (having diverse anti-aging and photo-protective product portfolio) available in the clinical settings or in the cosmaceutical sector for improvising the aesthetic performance) underlining the tremendous growth in the nutracosmaceutical sector. The authors firmly believe that the current review shall not only capture the interest of readers towards the process of dermatoheliosis but, could also rekindle the attention of scientific community for inclusive assimilation of nanotechnology with nutraceuticals that may aid as a barrier against exogenous or endogenous toxic substances currently in practice to treat a variety of skin disorders.
... The main etiological factor that increases the risk of development of apoptosis and cutaneous malignancy, specifically non-melanoma cancer, is UV-A solar radiation [131]. ...
... These two tumours collectively account up to 95% of NMSCs. 1 The most common site for NMSCs are head and neck and 90 % of all skin cancers consist of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous basal cell carcinoma collectively. 2 Globally BCC is the commonest malignancy in humans. Its incidence is inversely proportional to the geographical latitude and is higher in white skinned population. ...
Objective: To compare the expression of CD-10 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2016 to Jun 2017.
Methodology: After taking ethics approval from the ethical review committee AFIP, previously diagnosed, thirty-eight cases of each basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were taken from the histopathology department of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. CD-10 was applied according to standard protocol. The intensity of the CD-10 expression is assessed and categorized into three groups. CD-10 expression less than 10% in the tumour cell was taken as negative (-), 10 to 50% staining was taken as positive (+) and greater than 50% staining in tumour cells was taken as strong positive (++).
Results: Out of the total 76 cases included in the study, 9 (24%) were strongly positive (++) whereas 20 (52.6%) were positive (+) and 9 (23.7%) were negative (-) for CD-10 expression. Out of the total 38 cases of SCC 4 (11%) cases showed positive CD-10 expression and 34 (89%) showed negative (-) results. A significant association (p-value
... Melanoma and NMSC mainly have different anatomical locations where cancer occurs. Melanoma is commonly diagnosed in the trunk [34][35][36], while NMSC (SCC and BCC) is commonly on the head and/or neck [37,38]. This study showed consistent findings with previous studies. ...
The aim of this study was to examine the association between indoor tanning use and the risk of overall and early-onset (age < 50) melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). To evaluate the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer, a systematic review of the literature published until July 2021 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Summary relative risk (RR) from 18 studies with 10,406 NMSC cases and 36 studies with 14,583 melanoma cases showed significant association between skin cancer and indoor tanning (melanoma, RR= 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.39; NMSC, RR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18-1.65; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.38-1.81; basal cell carcinoma (BCC), RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.00-1.55). The risk was more pronounced in early-onset skin cancer (melanoma, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.14-2.69; NMSC, RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.48-2.68; SCC, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38-2.37; BCC, RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.15-2.77). Moreover, first exposure at an early age (age ≤ 20 years) and higher exposure (annual frequency ≥ 10 times) to indoor tanning showed increasing risk for melanoma (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.85; RR = 1.52, 1.22-1.89) and NMSC (RR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.44-2.83; RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31-1.86). These findings provide evidence supporting primary prevention policies regulating modifiable behaviors to reduce the additional risk of skin cancer among younger adults.
... 111 cases were of BCC and 52 cases were of SCC [27]. Similarly, a study done by A on 127 cases of NMSC also found BCC to be the maximum with 96 cases [28]. ...
... A showed that mean age of patients was 68.5 ± 13.6 years [27] to 94 years). BCC patients mean age was 67.2 ± 13.9 and of SCC was 72.4 ± 11.8 years and statistically there was no significant difference found between groups as p = 0.062 [28]. ...
... The study of Sari E (n=163) also showed that males (85) were more affected in both overall and each type of NMSC [27]. A study also showed the same above result with 56.7% (72) males [28]. ...
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and COX-2 has been reported in association with tumorigenesis, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). In this study, we used immunohistochemistry on a total number of 30 cases to study histomorphological spectrum and investigate density of TAMs (CD 68) within or at the periphery of tumor along with COX-2 expression in a series of metastatic tumors of skin i.e. squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous cell carcinoma. The maximum patients (33%) were seen in fifth decade with predilection of male gender (60%). The mean age (years) for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous cell carcinoma were 65.59 ± 8.02, 61.17 ± 22.95 and 55.00 ± 0 respectively. Cheek (20%) was more commonly involved site with ulcer (43%) as most common presentation. A significant statistical correlation was found with respect to lesion size (p 0.02) and sun exposure (0.027). Maximum patients were of BCC while maximum association with sun exposure and expression of TAM and COX-2 immunostaining were observed in BCC. In this study, almost 80% and all cases of NMSC simultaneously showed significant expression of COX-2 and TAM (CD 68) respectively but no statistical correlation was found between the various NMSC histological types and differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma as p value was >0.05. Conclusions: We can conclude that both COX-2 and TAM (CD 68) may play role in the development of NMSC as maximum cases showed positivity for both the markers.
... Data on cSCC in Turkey are usually based on studies conducted in single regional institutions [ Figure 1 and Table 4]. Based on all studies published in Turkey, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] it is noteworthy that the Thrace region has one of the highest incidences of cSCC. Table 4 summarizes the number of cSCCs, demographic features of patients, and localization of tumors reported from different geographic areas in Turkey. ...
... Table 4 summarizes the number of cSCCs, demographic features of patients, and localization of tumors reported from different geographic areas in Turkey. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Demographic characteristics of our study did not show a striking difference from the available literature [ Table 4]. In accordance with previous studies, cSCCs were more frequent in the elderly people, and men were more commonly affected than women. ...
... In accordance with previous studies, cSCCs were more frequent in the elderly people, and men were more commonly affected than women. [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Men were also 8 years younger on average than women at the time of diagnosis. This seems to be a result of most men in the Thrace region being outdoor workers in agricultural occupations. ...
