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It is certain that energy production and, particularly, the generation and sustained growth of electricity, constitute indispensable elements for the economic and social progress of any country. Energy, undoubtedly, constitutes the motive force of civilization and it determines, to a high degree, the level of the future economic and social developm...
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... The impact of the drilling on the nearby environment. This requires the installation of a drilling rig and equipment, as well as construction roads. Depending on the distance that needs to be drilled, the area needed for the drilling rig could vary from 2 2 300 m to 1 500 m . Drilling could also lead to surface water pollution (e.g., through blow-outs) and emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere; 2. The pipelines to transport the geothermal fluids will have an impact on the surrounding area; 3. The reduction in the pressure in the aquifers. This could lead to subsidence of the ground in the geothermal facility sites. Re-injection of the condensed and/or cooled water back into the reservoirs could neutralize the subsidence. Re-injection also reduces the risk that the steam is exhausted into the atmosphere or that used water is discharged into surface water (see Figure ...
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Nicaragua is an underdeveloped Central American country of 130, 373 km2 with a population of 6.2 million inhabitants, 90% electricity access and 672 MW of peak demand. Currently, the electricity mix is nearly 50% renewable but the entire energy system is highly dependent on fossil fuels and biomass. This work aims to show potential for a renewable...
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99 % of the electricity supply on Caribbean islands is currently provided by fossil fuel based power plants which is very expensive and polluting. The use of renewable energy technologies can be a cost-effective and sustainable solution to these problems. Implementing renewable energies has been rather slow despite sufficient natural resources. Thi...
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... This type of power plant's importance is its ability to store electricity in the form of water for its use later when electrical peak demands are higher. Pumped-storage hydropower plants are even more critical if intermittent power sources, such as solar parks or wind farms, are hooked into the system (Morales Pedraza, 2013). ...
... According to Morales Pedraza (2013Pedraza ( , 2015 and Parshley (2018), hydropower plants for electricity generation have certain advantages and disadvantages over other energy sources. These advantages are, among others, the following: ...
... According to Morales Pedraza (2013Pedraza ( , 2015 and Parshley (2018), hydropower plants for electricity generation have certain advantages and disadvantages over other energy sources. These advantages are, among others, the following: ...
Hydroelectric power plants convert the kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity. The energy in flowing water is ultimately derived from the Sun, and it is continually renewed. For this reason, hydropower is the most common renewable energy source used for electricity generation all over the world. The participation of hydropower plants in Canada's energy mix is 62%, generating most of the country's electricity, and this situation will not change during the coming decades. The hydropower technical potential in Canada has been estimated to be around 155,000 MW. In the USA, hydropower plants' use for electricity generation represents only 6.6% of the national total, a small percentage of the total electricity generated in the country.
... Although it is not clearly known the year of its inception, the symptoms of the energy crisis have begun since today. Responding to this situation, many people in different countries are doing energy saving movements and are looking for new renewable energy sources (Pedraza 2012). People begin to take advantage of the wind, ocean waves, and sunlight and convert them into electrical energy that can be stored and converted into other forms of energy (Alrikabi 2014). ...
... A este respecto, se han dado pasos firmes para reemplazar una fracción importante del mix energético ecuatoriano, correspondiente al uso de combustibles fósiles en centrales termoeléctricas por la producción y uso de energía proveniente de centrales hidroeléctricas 4,5 . Se debe notar que el incremento en la capacidad de generación de energía recurriendo a centrales hidroeléctricas, es una tendencia en la región latinoamericana 6,7 . ...
Dentro de la matriz energética ecuatoriana el sector de la biomasa es el segundo productor de energía renovable. Esta energía es generada principalmente en ingenios azucareros mediante procesos de combustión. En el Ecuador se generan 18.352.411,7 Mt/año de biomasa residual, por lo tanto la ampliación de la producción de energía renovable a partir de la biomasa requiere del estudio y optimización de los procesos de combustión. En este contexto el presente estudio evalúa de forma experimental la combustión de una mezcla de pelletizado elaborado con residuos de la Jatropha curcas (Piñón) y astillas (25 % - 75 % p/p respectivamente). Las experiencias de combustión fueron realizadas en un quemador horizontal prototipo (60 kWte) acoplado a una cámara de combustión (1.65 x 0.65 m) y un analizador de gases (AU Mobile Brain Bee). Se observó que las alteraciones inducidas en la estequiometria del proceso, afectan el perfil de temperaturas en la cámara de combustión y la composición del efluente gaseoso. En consecuencia, la temperatura más alta (408.7 °C) se verificó cuando la concentración de O2 en el efluente fue de 9.7 %vol. Concentraciones mayores de O2 en el efluente (13 y 13.7 %vol.) provocaron temperaturas más bajas en la cámara de combustión (387 y 369 °C respectivamente). A la mejor condición de combustión observada (408.7 °C y 9.7 %vol. de O2) le corresponde también la más alta concentración de CO2 (9.41 %vol.). Sin embargo las emisiones de CO (2.34 %vol.) son más altas que aquellas observadas durante la combustión de otros tipos de biomasa en este mismo quemador (0.019 %vol.).
... The global concern for climate conservation and an increasing world-wide demand for electricity have driven many developed nations to implement 'green energy' creation alternatives including solar, wind, hydro and tidal systems [1][2][3]. Ironically, the energy generation potential of wind and solar powered systems surpass the world demand for electricity [4,5] as illustrated in Fig. 1. ...
... According to Atlason and Unnthorsson [56] the temperature must be close to 150 C to be usable for generating electricity. On the other hand much lower temperatures between 30 and 60 C are being used for geothermal heating systems [5,57,58]. ...
Global demand for clean renewable electricity is increasing. Although hydroelectricity is clean and
renewable, storing excess energy during non-peak times in batteries usually causes negative impacts to
the environment and may trigger legal or land use issues. Additionally, voltaic-based batteries are
prohibitively expensive for storing the amount of electricity even for a small village. Actually it is a lot
cheaper and cleaner to store electricity in water. This study explores how to do that. It features a unique
pragmatic research ideology that included a literature review, comparative field research, data collection
from the site, along with parametric statistical techniques. Relevant best-practices were cited from the
literature and from comparative field research projects. A novel concept was the use of a land fault
between lakes in a large park preserve. A scalable decision making model was developed for generating
and storing clean renewable energy. The results should generalize widely to renewable energy storage
practitioners, climate conservation activists, government policy makers and to other researchers around
the world.
The transition from fossil to climate-neutral energy sources and supply chains has become a pressing challenge. Green hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the decarbonization of the global economy because of its specific versatility. Given the recent imminent energy shortages in Europe, supply of green hydrogen becomes an even more important topic for European countries. Therefore, an informed search is required for international business partners supporting European energy supply in a carbon-neutral economy setting. This could include for example Latin America with access to hydrogen production, based on renewable energy. This paper outlines the green hydrogen production landscape of Latin America and current partnership projects with Europe. The collaboration between these two regions is interesting and selected for the potential in hydrogen production capacities as well as cultural and political closeness in terms of democratic rule and property right as basic requirements for successful long-term collaborations for energy supply chains. While a large number of European companies are planning to use green hydrogen, few Latin American countries like Argentina and Chile are currently producing it. Both, consumption and production capacities are expected to increase in the next years, making the design of green hydrogen supply chains an eminent topic for Latin America and Europe. For this reason, cooperation projects are deemed beneficial to both, European and Latin-American companies and institutions. In most of the observed partnership projects within this paper, European actors contribute the technology know-how and Latin American actors offer a variety of large-scale clean energy resources for future green hydrogen supply chains. Additionally, an overview of the representation of hydrogen in Latin America compared to Europe in global energy scenario studies is presented, indicating a major research gap in linking the global scenario analysis level with the described specific project and supply chain design and development level. The results obtained for the specific collaboration of Europe with Latin America can be transferred to other global regions and cooperations.KeywordsGreen HydrogenLatin AmericaPartnership projects
The global pursuit of higher quality and corporate social responsibility are motivating corporations to set climate preservation goals and to employ quality theory processes, notably lean six sigma methods. One of the significant contemporary social responsibility initiatives is climate preservation. Climate conservation has been dramatically achieved through the increases efficient production of clean energy, such as hydroelectricity and nuclear power plants. However, advanced quality management processes are needed to effectively and safely operate electricity generation plants of any type due to their potential to cause significant man-made accidental disasters if certain critical processes become out of control. This chapter explores how lean six sigma quality theories were applied for risk management at a renewable energy hydroelectricity facility. Quality inspections were collected from a plant in New York, USA. A statistical process control model was developed based on the attribute and continuous inspection data.
Abstract: Without a doubt, Latin America and the Caribbean will significantly contribute to the continuous global solar capacity expansion during the coming decades. The whole region could grow its current installed solar power capacity by a factor of 40 by 2050. It is expected that by 2050, solar power would represent the second-largest power source behind wind power, generating around 25% of the world’s power. The Intеrnаtіоnаl Energy Agеnсу (IEA) projected, in 2014, that under іtѕ high rеnеwаblеѕ scenario, by 2050, solar PV and соnсеntrаtеd ѕоlаr power (CSP) would contribute about 16% and 11%, rеѕресtіvеlу, of the worldwide electricity соnѕumрtіоn. Ѕоlаr power is expected to be the largest ѕоurсе of еlесtrісіtу generation at the world level in 2050. In total, global solar power capacity would increase around 14-folds, rising from 578,6 GW in 2019 to over 8.000 GW by 2050. Annual investments in solar power are likely to exceed US$7 billion.
