Figs 21-24- - uploaded by Francesco Doveri
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Iodophanus difformis. 21 Overall view of hymenium. 22 (Congo red) Cells of subymenium (white arrow) with bases of asci (red arrow) and paraphyses (black arrow). 23 Cleistohymenial apothecium. 24 (Congo red) Hyphoid hairs (arrow) arising from the outermost cells of ectal excipulum. Bars 21 = 100 μm, 22, 24 = 20 μm, 23 = 500 μm.
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... Since Sporormiella, Preussia and Sporormia are morphologically very similar (Kruys et Wedin 2009, Doveri 2011, Zhang et al. 2012, they remain a subject of extensive debate, leading to confusion with regard to a distinction of the genera. There are currently two main concepts resulting from different interpretations of the original diagnoses. ...
The article provides an update on the dung-inhabiting members of the Sporormiaceae in Ukraine. Overall, 26 species of Sporormia and the Preussia/Sporormiella species complex have been recorded in the country to date. Based on examination of specimens collected in 2007–2020, we report one species of Sporormia (S. fimetaria), two of Preussia s. str. (P. fleischhakii, P. funiculata) and 11 of Sporormiella (S. affinis, S. commutata, S. grandispora, S. heptamera, S. kansensis, S. leporina, S. longisporopsis, S. megalospora, S. muskokensis, S. octomera and S. pulchella). Of these, the genus Sporormia and four species of the other genera (P. fleischhakii, S. affinis, S. commutata and S. longisporopsis) are newly recorded in Ukraine. For all fourteen species, their morphological characters are described, illustrated and discussed; occurrence records, habitat and distribution data are also provided. This study extends the distribution ranges of these fungi eastwards within Europe and contributes to their substrate list.
... Although Chaetomium is not a strictly coprophilous fungus genus, the diversity of representatives of the genus Chaetomium on dung is continuously represented in studies of dung fungi diversity worldwide (Simões Calaça et al. 2020). One of the most representative and recent researches on the occurrence of this genus on dung, and that was a precursor of others, was developed by Doveri (2004Doveri ( , 2008Doveri ( , 2011Doveri ( , 2013Doveri ( , 2016). In arid Sinai, Egypt, Abdel-Azeem and Salem (2015) studied the coprophilous fungi and they recorded seven species of Chaetomium on camel, donkey, and goat dung. ...
When Gustav Kunze introduced genus Chaetomium, as a new genus to the science, in Mykologische Hefte (Leipzig) in 1817, the new taxon attracted the interest of the researchers in every place in the world. Genus Chaetomium is a very diverse taxon colonizing various substrates rich in cellulose such as soils, textiles, plant tissues, agricultural wastes, and seeds. The genus Chaetomium is considered one of the largest genera in saprobic ascomycetes, which belongs to order Sordariales and family Chaetomiaceae. Until now more than 500 compounds with a wide range of bioactive effects have been isolated from Chaetomium spp., but compared with its richness of species, more bioactive secondary metabolites might be found in this member of fungi. Therefore, together with its ubiquitous nature, these species have great significant impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, food production, biotechnology, and human and animal health. The goal of this chapter is to shed the light on the biodiversity of Chaetomium in different ecological habitats with its application in different industrial fields.
... The family Delitschiaceae is a basal family (along with Massariaceae) in the order Pleosporales (Zhang et al. 2012;Hyde et al. 2013), comprising mainly terrestrial and saprobic species occurring on herbivore dung (e.g., Kruys et al. 2006;Doveri 2011), aged wood, and plants (Hyde et al. 2013) or submerged wood (Hyde and Steinke 1996;Rivera-Chávez et al. 2019); one species was identified from decaying fruits of Nypa fruticans (Jayasiri et al. 2019). The family is monogeneric, including only the genus Delitschia, with relatively few species (Jayasiri et al. 2019). ...
... The monogeneric family Delitschiaceae comprises mainly saprobic species inhabiting herbivore dung, wood, or fruits (Kruys et al. 2006;Doveri 2011;Hyde et al. 2013;Jayasiri et al. 2019). Based mainly on the LSU and SSU sequences, Delitschiaceae forms a monophyletic basal lineage of Pleosporales (Hyde et al. 2013;Jayasiri et al. 2019;Haridas et al. 2020). ...
In this study, we investigated two unidentified lineages of root-colonizing fungi belonging to the order Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes), which were isolated from Festuca vaginata ( Poaceae ), a dominant grass species in the semiarid sandy grasslands of Hungary. For molecular phylogenetic studies, seven loci (internal transcribed spacer, partial large subunit and small subunit region of nrRNA, partial transcription elongation factor 1-α, RNA polymerase II largest subunit, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit, and ß-tubulin genes) were amplified and sequenced. Based on morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analyses, we found that one lineage belonged to Delitschia chaetomioides P. Karst. ( Delitschiaceae ), and the isolates of the other lineage represented a novel monotypic genus in the family Trematosphaeriaceae (suborder Massarineae). For this lineage, we proposed a new genus, Fuscosphaeria, represented by a single species, F. hungarica . In both lineages, only immature and degenerated sporocarps could be induced. These were sterile, black, globose, or depressed globose structures with numerous mycelioid appendages submerged in culture media or on the surface of autoclaved plant materials. Both species are first reported here as root-colonizing fungi.
... The genus Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél (1872: 151) belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, class Agaricomycetes, and order Agaricales. It has been linked to different families through previous studies such as Coprinaceae (Doveri 2011) and Psathyrellaceae (Amandeep et al. 2014), and is now incertae sedis (Matheny et al. 2006, He et al. 2019. Genus Panaeolus comprises 162 records in the Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist and 172 names in Species Fungorum (Index Fungorum 2019). ...
A new Panaeolus species was collected on a lawn at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Southwest China and subjected to morphological and molecular analyses. Both macro- and micro-morphological features of the new species were described and compared with morphologically similar species in Panaeolus. The pileus has a distinctive reddish brown patch at the center. Phylogenetic analysis of nrITS data showed a distinct placement of the new species among the closest Panaeolus species, i.e. Panaeolus cyanescens (Berk & Broome) Sacc., Panaeolus cambodginiensis Ola’h & R. Heim, Panaeolus bisporus (Malençon & Bertault) Ew. Gerhardt and Panaeolus cyanescens var. bisporus (Malençon & Bertault) G. Moreno & Esteve-Rav. Both morphological features and phylogenetic data supported naming our taxon as a distinct new species in Panaeolus. Color photographs of basidiomata and micromorphological structures, a full description of the new species, and an updated phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided.
... Boerema у стадії анаморфи Septoria pyricola Desm. -на живих листках Pyrus communis L. (1,4,14). ...
... Septoria cirsii Niessl -на живих листках Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (4). ...
... Podospora australis (Speg.) Niessl -на екскрементах коня (4). ...
Досліджено видову різноманітність та поширення аскоміцетів на території регіонального ландшафтного парку «Сеймський». У 23 локалітетах парку виявлено 114 видів неліхенізованих сумчастих грибів. Серед них клас Leotiomycetes представлений 41 видом, Dothideomycetes – 34, Sordariomycetes – 23, Pezizomycetes – 15, Taphrinomycetes – 1. Серед порядків найчисельнішими є Erysiphales – 34 види, Capnodiales – 20, Pezizales – 15, Pleosporales – 12, Sordariales – 11, Xylariales – 8 і Helotiales – 7. У родинному спектрі домінують представники чотирьох родин: Erysiphaceae – 34 види, Mycosphaerellaceae – 19, Ascobolaceae та Podosporaceae – по 7 видів, представники яких об’єднують 58,8% загальної кількості виявлених видів аскоміцетів. Наведено список зареєстрованих видів грибів та асоційованих з ними рослин-живителів і живильних субстратів. 103 з виявлених видів аскоміцетів наводяться вперше для території парку. Знахідка інвазійного борошнисторосяного гриба Erysiphе macleayae R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen є новою для території парку та другою у Сумській області. Вдруге на території України виявлені Coprotus ochraceus (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) J. Moravec і Podospora myriospora (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Niessl. Лише з трьох локалітетів були відомі в Україні Coprotus niveus (Fuckel) Kimbr. і Podospora australis (Speg.) Niessl, в чотирьох – Podospora communis (Speg.) Niessl, Podospora pleiospora (G.Winter) Niessl і Thecotheus pelletieri (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Boud. Серед зареєстрованих видів сумчастих грибів переважна більшість є біотрофами (35 видів), гемібіотрофами (35 видів) та копрофільними сапротрофами (29 видів). Це представники семи екологічних груп: облігатних паразитів вищих рослин, копрофілів, ксилофілів, філофілів, гербофілів, карпофілів і гумусових сапротрофів. Решта еколого-трофічних груп аскоміцетів у регіональному ландшафтному парку залишаються майже недослідженими.
... In light of this, it is most likely that the only significant contribution to the coprophilous record results from bovine and ovicaprine dung, a substrate very frequently affected by fungal growth (Doveri, 2011;Richardson, 2001). The alluvial plain may have been particularly suitable for domestic flocks, given the presence of handy watering places with still water and salt availability, a precious element for bovine and ovi-caprine diet (Tasić, 2000). ...
The article presents the results of a multi-proxy study investigating an alluvial deposit located in the coastal plain of Genoa (Liguria, Northwest Italy). A very deep core was sampled from 15 to 25 m below ground level to analyse sedimentological properties, pollen assemblages, non-pollen palynomorphs, plant macrofossils and micro-charcoal. The deposit, spanning from the second half of the 5th Millennium to the end of the 7th Millennium cal. BC, was characterized by an alternation of silty and peaty layers, and proved to be rich in plant remains. Pollen data allowed the confirmation of a gradual increase in Fagus sylvatica to the detriment of Abies alba during the mid-Holocene of the region, and showed the presence of brackish lagoons, as well as the progressively stronger incidence of anthropogenic taxa, indicating the use of the plain for agricultural purposes. The study of non-pollen palynomorphs led to the taxonomic identification of some previously unidentified types, and pointed to the occurrence of marshy environments, which were probably grazed on by domestic herbivores. Macrofossil analysis provided the first record of Triticum new glume wheat type in Liguria. Moreover, the finding of a grain of Triticum dicoccum dated to the second half of the 6th Millennium cal. BC allowed us to pre-date by seven centuries the agriculture in the region. To date, this represents the oldest evidence of human activity in the urban area of Genoa.
... 15 Xanthothecium peruvianum has been isolated from dung and soil in Belgium, Canada, France, Great Britain, Italy, Peru, the Netherlands and the United States of America. 16 Because X. peruvianum has been repeatedly isolated from potato cyst nematodes, its possible role in control of plant-parasitic nematodes has been suggested. 17 This fungus has not been previously described as a human pathogen, and this is the first report of X. peruvianum isolated from human skin. ...
From stratum corneum samples of a palmar eczema, a fungus was isolated that developed white colonies with a yellowish dark reverse, suggestive of dermatophytes. The isolate produced numerous chlamydospores and sparse aleuroconidia, was resistant to cycloheximide, grew well on human stratum corneum samples and was positive in tests for urease production and hair perforation, but no dermatophyte could be identified. After several weeks, cleistothecia with delicate asci and disc-shaped ascospores were formed, suggesting Arachnomyces spp. The analyses of the ribosomal ITS and LSU (D1/D2 domains) nucleotide sequences proved a good match with the ex-type strain of Xanthothecium peruvianum (family Onygenaceae, order Onygenales), and LSU sequence showed 99% similarity with Arachnomyces glareosus. This is the first report of X. peruvianum isolated from human skin. The description of our isolate provides new information about this species and proposes its transfer to the genus Arachnomyces with the subsequent emendation of the description of Arachnomyces peruvianus. Morphologically and physiologically it mimics dermatophytes and other species of the genus Arachnomyces. Although the clinical situation did not suggest any relevance for A. peruvianus as a primary pathogen, this fungus may act as a secondary pathogen under suitable conditions due to its keratinolytic capacity.
... A thin pore-like area can be observed in the middle of the truncated base (Lundqvist et al., 1999). On the British Isles and in Europe, P. intestinacea prefers horse dung and then cattle dung, but it is also found on sheep and pig dung (Doveri, 2011;Lundqvist, 1972;Welt and Heine, 2007). In the southern hemisphere, P. intestinacea is reported mostly from horse cattle, lagomorph, and red deer dung (Bell, 1983;Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001). ...
... The type is named after P. decipiens, one of or even the most common Podospora species in the temperate regions prevailing (75%) on cattle and horse dung (Lundqvist, 1972;Richardson, 1972). For Italy, Doveri (2011) lists about 95 collections mostly from cattle (34), followed by horses (20) and sheep (18), including occasional finds from pig, donkey, and wild animal dung (deer, hare, marmot etc.). Besides Europe and Northern America (Mirza and Cain, 1969), P. decipiens is reported from northern Africa (Rattan and El-Buni, 1980;Richardson, 2004), Taiwan, New Zealand, Australia (Bell, 1983(Bell, , 2005Wang, 2000), and South America (Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001). ...
... In the south hemisphere, the species was recorded on African buffalo dung in tropical Africa (Caretta et al., 1998) and wild rabbit dung in the summer dry coast of South America (Piontelli et al., 2006). P. pleiospora (spores 25-40 μm) grows quite commonly in Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand, preferably on the dung of lagomorphs and rarely on the dung of domesticated animals (cattle, horse, and goat) (Bell, 1983(Bell, , 2005Doveri, 2011;Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001;Lundqvist, 1972;Parker, 1979;Richardson, 2001a;Welt and Heine, 2007;Wicklow et al., 1980). Its preference for lagomorph dung seems to be less strict in lower latitudes (Doveri, 2011;Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001). ...
... Few somatic or reproductive structures, such as ascospores, were observed in samples found in white-lipped peccary dung, because these specimens are delicate, with perithecioid fruiting bodies, often damaged by mycophagous insects [primarily Aphodiinae beetles (Scarabaeidae)] and other small arthropods. However, more details were observed in specimens found in cow dung, seen at the onset of fungal Lundqvist (1969Lundqvist ( , 1972Lundqvist ( , 1980, Bell (1983Bell ( , 2005, Richardson and Watling (1997), and Doveri (2004Doveri ( , 2011. The nomenclature adopted follows the Index Fungorum Partnership proposal (IFP 2015). ...
This study presents the first records from three genera Hypocopra, Pyxidiophora, Zopfiella and the second of the rare species, Cercophora coronata (Cailleux) Udagawa and T. Muroi, for Brazil. It also presents the first record of H. stercoraria (Sowerby) Sacc., P. arvernensis (Breton and Faurel) N. Lundq. and Z. latipes (N. Lundq.) Malloch and Cain for the Neotropical region. Specimens were obtained from dung collected in areas of the Brazilian Savannah cultured in moist chambers. Distribution data, taxonomic descriptions and new substrate records for are presented.
... Our field observations were also in concert with laboratory experiments that have found that some species of Pyronemataceae grow in soils gradually heated to >100°C and that heat-resistant Pyronemataceae appear in soils regularly influenced by the fire (Monti, 1992;Kipfer et al., 2010;Simonovicova et al., 2014). These taxa commonly grow on bare or burned soils and decaying wood debris (Doveri, 2011). While the post-fire fungi are mainly ascomycetes, they also include basidiomycetes and/or basal fungi formerly assigned to Zygomycota (Petersen, 1970;Dahlberg, 2002). ...
