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Arcyria major (Lado 11908). Fig. 22. Capillitial thread and spores. Figs 23-24. Capillitial threads. Figs 25-28. Arcyria sp. (Lado 11821). Figs 25-27. Capillitial threads. Fig. 28. Spore. Scale bars: 22-24 = 5 µm; 25-28 = 1 µm.
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A rapid biodiversity assessment of myxomycetes from Yasuní National Park in eastern Ecuador revealed a high diversity of these microorganisms, with a total of 86 taxa (81 species and 5 varieties) from 559 collections, being recorded. One new species (Arcyria annulata), characterized by orange, minute, dispersed sporocarps, is described. Badhamia gi...
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... The surveys were carried out in the same manner as those carried out for the myxomycete component of the ATBI in the Great Smoky Mountains and the earlier project based at the Mountain Lake Biological Station. These surveys yielded the biodiversity data necessary to compare the assemblages of myxomycetes associated with temperate and Neotropical regions of the world [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Moreover, tropical lianas, inflorescences of large tropical herbaceous plants, and what has been referred to as "canopy soil", were investigated as new or understudied substrates for myxomycetes [35]. ...
Evidence from molecular studies indicates that myxomycetes (also called myxogastrids or plasmodial slime molds) have a long evolutionary history, and the oldest known fossil is from the mid-Cretaceous. However, they were not “discovered” until 1654, when a brief description and a woodcut depicting what is almost certainly the common species Lycogala epidendrum was published. First thought to be fungi, myxomycetes were not universally recognized as completely distinct until well into the twentieth century. Biodiversity surveys for the group being carried out over several years are relatively recent, with what is apparently the first example being carried out in the 1930s. Beginning in the 1980s, a series of such surveys yielded large bodies of data on the occurrence and distribution of myxomycetes in terrestrial ecosystems. The most notable of these were the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) project carried out in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Planetary Biodiversity Inventory Project (PBI) carried out in localities throughout the world, and the Myxotropic project being carried out throughout the Neotropics. The datasets available from both past and ongoing surveys now allow global and biogeographical patterns of myxomycetes to be assessed for the first time.
... Eliasson (2015) commented that certain species of myxomycetes bridge the gap between two genera by combining morphological characters from both and cited H. leiocarpa as an example of that, which could well be placed in either Hemitrichia or Arcyria. Despite being included among Hemitrichia species in Lado (2005, the taxonomic status of the species is still controversial, being treated in recent articles sometimes as Arcyria, as in Walker et al. (2019), and other times as Hemitrichia, as in Lado et al. (2017). ...
... Characters of the capillitium must therefore be of greater taxonomic value for the morphological distinction of the two species. Lado et al. (2017) identified two specimens collected in Ecuador as Hemitrichia cf. pseudoleiocarpa. ...
Hemitrichia leiocarpa was collected in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, in 1968, and five decades passed before its second collection in the country. The species was rediscovered in the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve, municipality of Quebrangulo, state of Alagoas, 225 km from the first location. A description of specimens that sporulated in moist chamber culture prepared with ground litter and deposited in the Myxomycetes collection of the UFP Herbarium is provided. Detailed and updated information on the worldwide geographical distribution of the species is provided, as well as information on substrates and microhabitats based on bibliographic sources and herbarium catalogues. The species can be considered near threatened (NT) based on IUCN criteria and its inclusion in the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species is recommended. Resumo Hemitrichia leiocarpa foi coletada no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil, em 1968 e cinco décadas passaram até ser novamente coletada no país. A espécie foi redescoberta na Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada, município de Quebrangulo, estado de Alagoas, distante 225 km da primeira localidade. Apresenta-se a descrição dos espécimes, esporulados em câmaras úmidas montadas com folhedo de solo e depositados na coleção de Myxomycetes do Herbário UFP. São fornecidas informações detalhadas e atualizadas sobre sua distribuição geográfica mundial, juntamente com substratos e microhabitats, com base em fontes bibliográficas e catálogos de herbários. Esta espécie pode ser considerada como quase ameaçada (NT) com base nos critérios da IUCN e sua inclusão na Lista Vermelha do Brasil é recomendada.
... The number of species found in the Serra do Teimoso Reserve was higher than that recorded by Costa et al. (2014) in the Mata do Pau Ferro State Park (48 spp., 753 specimens), a highland Atlantic Forest refuge (400-600 m a.s.l., 1400 mm per year) situated in the Borborema Plateau, surrounded by Caatinga biome, in the state of Paraíba, northeast Brazil (Campos and Lima 2020). Its richness is comparable to that found in studies carried out in lowland (190 -400 m a.s.l., 3 200 mm per year) and montane forests (1 200 -2 700 m a.s.l., 1 000 mm per year) in Ecuador, and montane forest (2 300-3 500 m a.s.l., 1 600 mm per year) in Peru, which resulted in 77 -81 species (Schnittler et al. 2002;Lado et al. 2017;Treviño-Zevallos and Lado 2020). The taxonomic diversity index calculated for the myxobiota of Serra do Teimoso (3.2) falls within the range of S/G-values (2.2-4.6) ...
Aiming to expanding the knowledge about the distribution of myxomycetes in the Atlantic Forest biome, a study was carried out in the Serra do Teimoso Reserve, a forest fragment located within one of the slopes of the Ouricana Mountain Range, Serra das Lontras Complex, Bahia state, northeast Brazil. Two five-day excursions were conducted at Serra do Teimoso Reserve (dry season/ rainy season), and 448 specimens were obtained from fallen trunks and ground litter. 240 moist chambers assembled with substrates from the same locations added 36 specimens. Twenty three genera and 73 species were recorded, of which 23 species are new records for the Bahia state, five for the Atlantic Forest biome, and Arcyria affinis, Didymium floccosum and Fuligo muscorum for Brazil. Licea clarkii and Stemonaria laxa are new records for the Neotropics. The distribution among the Brazilian states and biomes and comments on the species are supplied for the new records.
... Myxomycetes, also known as "true slime molds" or "plasmodial slime molds", have been reported from various plant-based substrata collected in the tropics, e.g., decomposing ground leaf litter (Rojas and Valverde 2022), woody lianas (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2008), inflorescences , litter of deciduous trees (Lado et al. 2017), and the bark of living trees, other leafy litter and woody twigs including some very specific microhabitats such as aerial leaf litter of herbaceous plants, cacti, and palms Lado et al. 2003). In the Philippines, microhabitats that were so far explored for myxomycetes through moist chamber culture techniques include the usual substrates of aerial and ground leaf litter and woody twigs (Macabago et al. 2010(Macabago et al. , 2016(Macabago et al. , 2017(Macabago et al. , 2020aDagamac et al. 2014Dagamac et al. , 2015aDagamac et al. , 2015bDagamac et al. , 2017dela Cruz et al. 2014;Eloreta et al. 2020;Cabutaje et al. 2021), the dead bark of living trees such as Samanea saman (Jacq.) ...
Ten different types of plant-based substrates [aerial leaf litter (AL), ground leaf litter (GL), twigs (TW), woody vines (WV), tree bark (BK), dried inflorescences (IF), decayed fruits (FR), and dead leaves of Pandanus (PD), epiphytic plants (EP), and tree ferns (FN)] collected along the trail leading to and surrounding Bulusan Lake in Sorsogon, Philippines, were assessed for the occurrence and diversity of myxomycetes using moist chamber cultures. The 388 moist chambers prepared in the study yielded 25 species belonging to 12 genera. The greatest number of species was recorded from bark followed by woody vines, aerial leaf litter, twigs, and dried inflorescences. Inflorescences had the highest diversity (FI = 18.60, SID = 9.78) while the lowest was observed for the dead leaves of Pandanus (FI = 4.92, SID = 3.99). We also observed high similarities in species composition among the different substrate types.
... & Broome) Lister and Diachea subsessilis Peck, have been found in several southern countries (SUPPLEMENTARY FIG. 1). Specifically, D. leucopodia has been reported from Peru by several authors, whereas congeneric species have been collected in surrounding countries (Lado et al. 2017;Lado and Wrigley de Basanta 2008). As occurs with other genera of the order Physarales (Lado and Wrigley de Basanta 2008), the genus Diachea is well represented in the Neotropics, with its species frequently colonizing bark, wood, leaves, and leaf litter in humid environments, but it does not seem to be very common in Peru. ...
A new species of the genus Diachea (order Physarales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) is described from Peru. Relevant details on spore germination, as well as morphological and phylogenetic data, are provided. At first glance, the new species shares some morphological similarities with both D. leucopodia, type of the genus, and D. koazei, but it strikingly differs from all other species of its genus by combining a short dark stalk, with a reticulate columella, and clustered spores. Moreover, it seems to be the only species of Diachea exclusively associated with Polylepis tropical forests at elevations above 3500 m. Apart from a comprehensive morphological study of 31 specimens, we here provide phylogenetic evidence to confirm the inclusion of this species in the genus Diachea. Specifically, our phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear 18S rDNA (18S), mitochondrial 17S rDNA (17S), and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes show that the new species is related to D. leucopodia and D. bulbillosa. The remarkably different morphological characters distinguishing the new Diachea from all other species of its genus, along with its particular ecological preferences and geographic distribution, indicate that it is a distinct entity deserving recognition as an independent species.
... Eliasson (2015) commented that certain species of myxomycetes bridge the gap between two genera by combining morphological characters from both and cited H. leiocarpa as an example of that, which could well be placed in either Hemitrichia or Arcyria. Despite being included among Hemitrichia species in Lado (2005, the taxonomic status of the species is still controversial, being treated in recent articles sometimes as Arcyria, as in Walker et al. (2019), and other times as Hemitrichia, as in Lado et al. (2017). ...
... Characters of the capillitium must therefore be of greater taxonomic value for the morphological distinction of the two species. Lado et al. (2017) identified two specimens collected in Ecuador as Hemitrichia cf. pseudoleiocarpa. ...
Hemitrichia leiocarpa was collected in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, in 1968, and five decades passed before its second collection in the country. The species was rediscovered in the Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve, municipality of Quebrangulo, state of Alagoas, 225 km from the first location. A description of specimens that sporulated in moist chamber culture prepared with ground litter and deposited in the Myxomycetes collection of the UFP Herbarium is provided. Detailed and updated information on the worldwide geographical distribution of the species is provided, as well as information on substrates and microhabitats based on bibliographic sources and herbarium catalogues. The species can be considered near threatened (NT) based on IUCN criteria and its inclusion in the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species is recommended.
... Then, same chambers were remoistened for another 4 week period and analysis was performed as previously described. The identification of Myxomycetes members was done according to on the internet using online resources, theses, color atlases, and reference books [19][20]. Samples were arranged as fungarium material and kept in the Biology Department's laboratory of Mustafa Kemal University Hatay-Turkey. ...
In this study myxomycetes samples was used as material and collected from the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The results of field and laboratory studies, four myxomycetes species identified to new record for Turkey. New records are; Didymium decipiens Meyl., D. orthonemata H.W. Keller & T.E. Brooks, D. tussilaginis (Berk. & Broome) Massee and Hemitrichia aurea Nann.-Bremek. & H. Neubert. Hemitrichia aurea sporo-carps was found on the natural area. The other three species were grown in the laboratory by moist chamber culture method. As a result of natural and laboratory studies, four new records were listed below. Descriptions, habitats, localities, collection dates, fungarium numbers and images of the taxa was given.
... They contribute to the decomposition of plant material and to soil fertility by unlocking nutrients. As a whole, the class Myxomycetes has a worldwide distribution, but some individual species are highly specialized and may live in very selective and even extreme environments (Lado et al. 2017). ...
Background-The humid montane forests on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes are known for their high biodiversity and natural resources. While their incredibly rich plant and animal communities are still in the process of being discovered, the diversity of smaller organisms such as the Myxomycetes are even more scarcely known. In this work, we document the Myxomycete diversity in these montane forests and evaluate species abundance, occurrence by substrates, distribution, and seasonality, thus documenting population status and species ecology.
Material and methods-The study was carried out at the Wayqecha Biological Station located in the Cusco region of Peru. Two sampling campaigns took place in late January (wet season) and early May (dry season) of 2018. We performed a species inventory and evaluated alpha diversity, assemblage similarity, and abundance of Myxomycetes within six 100 m 2 plots. We documented variations of species richness and abundance between seasons as well as between substrates.
Results-We recorded a total of 81 taxa of Myxomycetes. The order Physarales was the most diverse, and the most abundant species were Didymium squamulosum and Diderma deplanatum during the wet and dry season, respectively. The substrate with highest diversity overall was dead leaves. Diversity was similar in both seasons but with a notable species turnover.
Conclusion-The humid montane forest on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru revealed an unexpected richness in Myxomycetes. Based on our results, we conclude that this type of forest harbours one of the greatest Myxomycetes diversities in the Peruvian territory, also due to the important seasonal species turnover.
... Our Argentinian specimen differs in its smaller (13-16 µm diam.) spores, measurements that fit with those indicated by Lado & al. (2017) for specimens collected in Yasuní (Ecuador) and also identified as Badhamia gigantospora. ...
Sixty-two collections conserved in the herbaria BAFC and LIL are revised herein. Of the 31 different myxomycete species represented, seven are new records for Argentina. These are Arcyria affinis , Badhamia gigantospora , Cribraria purpurea , Fuligo intermedia , Physarum carneum , Physarum javanicum , and Physarum penetrale . The LM and SEM micrographs included illustrate the most representative characters of each species.
... The unique monograph on this biogeographical region has been published almost 50 year ago by Farr (1976). Despite the efforts made in recent years by Bezerra et al. (2014), Lado et al. (2017Lado et al. ( , 2018, and Rojas et al. (2018) in some Neotropical countries, the study of this group of microorganisms is still scanty, compared to elsewhere, like Europe or North America. According to Lado and Wrigley de Basanta (2008) . ...
We report 19 species of Myxomycetes for first time in Peru. Macbrideola spinispora L.M. Walker, G. Moreno & S.L.
Stephenson, previously known only from the type collection from Costa Rica, is now reported for South America,
enlarging its distribution considerably. The Myxomycetes were collected in Wayqecha Biological Station, a conservation
area in the Cuzco region. The specimens were deposited in the South Peruvian Herbarium (HSP) and the Real
Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA-Fungi). The number of Myxomycetes currently recorded from Peru is increased to
174 species.
