Figs 246-23 - uploaded by Marcela Skuhravá
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Galls of gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) on various host plants in Poland: 246-Growing tip of Galium aparine changed in the gall by Dasineura aparines; 247-Flower bud galls of Dasineura cardaminis on Cardamine amara; 248-Rosette leaf gall caused by Dasineura crataegi on Crataegus laevigata; 249-Bud galls of Dasineura kellneri on the branch of Larix decidua; 20-Gall of Dasineura fraxini on the midvein of the leaflet of Fraxinus excelsior; 21-Flower bud galls of Dasineura epilobii on Epilobium angustifolium; 252-Blister gall on the leaflet of Fraxinus excelsior caused by Dasineura fraxinea; 23-young leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus heavily damaged by Dasineura irregularis.
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The Tetrastichinae fauna of the Middle Volga Area comprises 115 species of 16 genera. Quadrastichus rosarum sp. n. is described as an endoparasitoid of Torymus bedequaris L. (Hymenoptera, Torymidae); the latter develops in galls of Dasineura rosarum (Hardy) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Rosa canina L. Aprostocetus populi (Kurdjumov) is redescribed an...
Citations
... Kieffer, 1897 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a gall-forming insect that induces fleshy galls on internodes of S. fruticosa (Dorchin and Freidberg, 2008, Skuhravá and Skuhravy, 2004, Sánchez et al., 2012. ...
In some regions of the Deltaic Mediterranean coastal land of Egypt, Baldratia salicorniae Kieffer, 1897 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a gall-forming insect that induces fleshy galls on the stem of Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L. (Family: Amaranthaceae). the current study tried to investigate the interaction of B. salicorniae with its host plant S. fruticosa in some regions of the Mediterranean coast and study the effect of altitude and vegetation cover on galls induction. In addition, to estimate the predicted geographic distribution habitats of B. salicorniae and its host plant S. fruticosa in Egypt by using MaxEnt technique.
... In Cyprus, the first adults of the overwintering generation of the carob gall midge Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) (Cecidomyiidae) emerge from swollen, deformed pods of carob in spring and early summer (Gagné and Orphanides 1992) and may develop a maximum of seven generations per year (Orphanides 1975). Asphondylia gennadii was also found infesting and damaging carob pods in Crete (Greece) (Skuhravá and Skuhravy 1997) and Mallorca (Spain) (Skuhravá and Skuhravy 2004). In Malta, first instar larvae of this insect are found in very young, small pods of carob trees at the beginning of April and adults emerged in early May (Skuhravá et al. 2002). ...
An overview on the bio-ecology, natural enemies and pest contol tools of the main pests infesting carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.), pods and seeds in the Mediterranean region is provided herein. Most of the species are occasionally present on host carobs where they did not cause serious damage. In particular, the occurrence of mealybugs, soft and armored scales and also mites is usually sporadic. This is also the case for dipteran and lepidopteran pests, except for the most damaging and economic species, the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller), a highly polyphagous insect that can infest carob either in open-field or in storage.
Cause of wounding are bark and wood-boring coleopteran insects, which can induce severe wilting and/or death of carob branches and trunk. The recent introduction in Europe of two species of Xylosandrus spp. (X. compactus and X. crassiusculus) is of increasing importance, due to their proven initial aggressiveness in Italy. Brief details regarding moth and rodent populations residing inside the storage buildings are also emphasized. Obviously, one aspect warranting special attention concerns the introduction and rapid spread in the Mediterranean region of invasive alien insect species such as some ambrosia beetles.
... pers., 2017). The presence of C. sonchi in Iberian Peninsula is only confirmed in Spain (Skuhravá et al., 2006) on three localities in the Basque Country (in 1901(in ), Catalonia (in 1902 and in Balearic Islands (in 1997; Fig. 1) (Trotter, 1902;Cogolludo, 1921;Skuhravá & Skuhravý, 2004;Blanes-Dalmau et al., 2017). From Portugal there is only one dubious cite in Tavares (1907) pag. ...
Un problema habitual en los estudios de zoología y ecología es la evaluación parcial de la distribución espacial actual de muchas especies, pues subestima su distribución real al estar basada en los registros de naturalistas y de museos. Aunque esta limitación puede ser parcialmente resuelta por medio de diferentes herramientas (p.e. modelos de distribución de especies), el correcto funcionamiento de dichas herramientas está condicionado por el número de localizaciones disponibles, necesitando además de un número mínimo de ellas para que los modelos puedan ser validados. El género Cystiphora Kieffer, 1892 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), con tres especies en la Península Ibérica, está caracterizado principalmente por la formación de agallas en las especies de cerrajas (Sonchus spp.); sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca de su distribución actual en Iberia. Además, como valor añadido, varias de las especies que pertenecen a este género son utilizadas como agentes de lucha de control biológico contra las cerrajas invasoras en las regiones del Neártico y de Australasia. Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) es una especie paleártica cuya presencia en la Península Ibérica estaba restringida hasta hoy a cuatro citas en el Este de la Península y en las Islas Baleares. Se encontraron tres nuevas poblaciones de esta especie en Coimbra (Portugal centro), añadiendo una nueva especie a la fauna portuguesa. Además, con el objetivo de completar lo máximo posible su distribución, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diferentes bases de datos de biodiversidad. Con esos dos enfoques, se estableció un nuevo límite occidental del área de distribución de C. sonchi y se expandió su área de distribución actual en la Península Ibérica con cinco nuevos registros (tres para Portugal, uno para Galicia y uno para Andalucía).
... no rearing was carried out. Distribution: It is found frequently in the netherlands and Belgium (Roskam & Carbonnelle 2015) and in Poland (Skuhravá et al. 2008). It is widespread in Sweden and also recorded from Norway (Coulianos & Holmåsen 1991). ...
... Munkebjerg Skov is considered to have the only remaining natural population of T. baccata in denmark (Svenning & Magård 1999). Distribution: European, up to Caucasus (Skuhravá et al. 2008 , p. 124 map of distribution in europe; Skuhravá et al. 2013, occurrence in Georgia). Widespread in many countries, e.g. ...
[Journal: Entomologisk Tidskrift]. First records of twenty-three gall midge species in Denmark are reported: Asphondylia
ervi Rübsaamen, Contarinia acetosellae Rübsaamen, C. viburnorum Kieffer, Dasineura
astragalorum (Kieffer), D. fructum (Rübsaamen), D. harrisoni (Bagnall), D. lotharingiae
(Kieffer), D. papaveris (Winnertz), D. saxifragae (Kieffer), D. traili (Kieffer), Herbomyia
robusta Möhn, Jaapiella chelidonii Fedotova, Lasioptera arundinis Schiner, L.
calamagrostidis Rübsaamen, Mayetiola festucae Ertel, M. phalaris Barnes, M. ventricola
(Rübsaamen), Mycodiplosis coniophaga (Winnertz), Parallelodiplosis galliperda (Löw),
Piceacecis abietiperda (Henschel), Rabdophaga strobilina (Bremi), Taxomyia taxi (Inchbald)
and a probably undescribed species of Contarinia Rondani. Thus, 363 fully identified
gall midge species are now documented from Denmark along with 25 species, which have
been identified to genus level only. The species number per subfamily is 335 Cecidomyiinae
(311 fully identified and 24 identified to the genus level only), 0 Winnertziinae
and 14 Porricondyliinae (13 fully identified and one identified to the genus level only), 24
Micromyinae and 15 Lestremiinae.
... In his publication he expressed his doubt that this genus really belonged to this group because it differed from other representatives in some morphological characters. The genus Pumilomyia (Cecidomyiidae) with its type species P. protrahenda is included in the family Cecidomyiidae (Skuhravá 1986(Skuhravá , 2006 and in the list of gall midges of Italy (Skuhravá and Skuhravý 1994) and Sicily (Skuhravá et al. 2007). ...
A population of the gall midge Pumilomyia protrahenda De Stefani, 1919 causing galls on Artemisia arborescens (Asteraceae) was discovered near Palermo (Sicily) in 2008. This species had not been found since 1918. Detailed study of morphological characters of adults, larvae and pupae revealed that P. protrahenda belongs to the genus Rhopalomyia Rübsaamen, 1892, tribe Rhopalomyiini. The monotypic genus Pumilomyia De Stefani, 1919 is therefore synonymized under Rhopalomyia Rübsaamen, 1892. Rhopalomyia protrahenda comb. n. is redescribed, with important morphological characters illustrated. Adults have one-segmented palpi, antennae with 12–13 short flagellomeres and long legs with simple tarsal claws. A neotype is designated in the present paper because the type of this species is lost. The host plant has a circum-Mediterranean distribution but the gall midge is currently known only from Sicily, where it completes several generations between January and May.
... The average species number per locality of the whole of Greece 9.4 is relatively low but it corresponds to the occurrence and distribution of gall midges in the Mediterranean area. In comparison with some other countries of europe where systematic faunal investigations have been carried out, we counted 14 average species number for Bulgaria, 16.7 for Switzerland, 15 for South Tyrol (northern Italy), 17 for Austria, 19.5 for Slovakia, 26 for the Czech Republic and even 29 species for Hungary , 1994, Skuhravá & Skuhravý 1997b, 1999, 2009). The higher average species numbers obtained in these countries correspond to the geographical position in Central europe and adjacent countries with diverse and rich vegetation including many suitable host plants, mainly trees and shrubs, for gall midges. ...
... The gall midge fauna of Greece including 235 species may be evaluated as reasonably rich also in comparison with gall midge faunas of countries around the Mediterranean Sea: in Spain where 240 species were recorded , Sánchez et al. 2012) and in Italy with 324 species (Skuhravá & Skuhravý 1994) but it is not so rich as the fauna of gall midges in France where 668 species were found . It is necessary to emphasize that the species richness of gall midges in a country is influenced by several factors, mainly by geographic position, size of area of the country and its altitude, climatic factors and composition of vegetation, and also by the number of investigations and by selection of suitable sites for collection of gall midges. ...
only two species belonging to the genus Geogarypus Chamberlin, 1930 are reported from Iran: G.
shulovi Beier, 1963 from Maku (eastern Azerbaijan Prov.) by Beier (1971) and G. harveyi Nassirkhani, 2014 from Khabr National Park (Kerman Prov.) by Nassirkhani (2014). In this study, a new range in size, a new distribution, a short description, and some morphological differences between the types and the newly collected specimens from southern Iran attributed to G. harveyi are presented.
... Mediterranean, galls occur relatively abundantly in salt marshes. Galls were found in southern England, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, former Yugoslavia, Greece, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, and in the islands of Mallorca, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Lefkada and Malta (Skuhravá et al. 1984, Skuhravá et al. 2002. ...
... DistriBution. Mediterranean: southern Italy (Sicily), southern Spain, southern France, Greece (Crete), Malta, Israel, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt (Skuhravá 1986, Skuhravá & Skuhravý 1997, Skuhravá et al. 2002, 2005, 2006, Dorchin & Freidberg 2008, Sánchez et al. 2012. ...
The known gall midge fauna of Egypt is composed of 48 species belonging to 22 genera. The two most species rich genera are Baldratia Kieffer, 1897, and Dasineura Rondani, 1840, each with six species. Most species are phytophagous and cause galls on various host plants; but Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani, 1847), Diadiplosis donaldi (Harris, 1968), D. hirticornis Felt, 1915, Dicrodiplosis manihoti Harris, 1981 and Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot, 1827) are zoophagous; and Asynapta phragmitis Giraud, 1863, Mycodiplosis coniophaga (Winnertz, 1853) and M. triticina (Barnes, 1936) are mycophagous. Phytophagous species are associated with 37 plant species which belong to ten plant families; 16 species are associated with Chenopodiaceae and six with Tamaricaceae. Usually only one species of gall midges is associated with each host plant species but Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae) hosts four species: Asphondylia punica Marchal, 1897 (= A. conglomerata De Stefani, 1900), Primofavilla aegyptiaca Elsayed, 2014, Stefaniella trinacriae De Stefani, 1900, and S. skuhravae Elsayed, 2014; Anabasis setifera (Chenopodiaceae) two species: Baldratia aegyptiaca Möhn, 1969 and B. desertorum Möhn, 1969; Phragmites australis (Poaceae) two species: Giraudiella inclusa (Frauenfeld, 1862) and Asynapta phragmitis Giraud, 1863; Traganum nudatum (Chenopodiaceae) two species: Baldratia tragani Möhn, 1969 and Stefaniola ventriosa Möhn, 1971; Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae) host six species of gall midges. Zoogeographical analysis: most species (75%) are Mediterranean, 10.5% Euro-Asian, 6.2% Holarctic or cosmopolitan, 4.1% Afro-Asian and 4.1% Afrotropical. More than one third (20 species, 41.6%) were found only in Egypt and are restricted to this region on the basis of recent knowledge. Common (shared) species occurring in North African countries indicate their similarity in faunal composition: 9 species are recorded from Egypt and Algeria, and Egypt and Tunisia; 8 species from Egypt and Morocco; 7 from Egypt and Libya. Three species occur in all five North African countries: Baldratia salicorniae Kieffer, 1897, causing galls on Arthrocnemum fruticosum, Psectrosema tamaricum (Kieffer, 1912) swellings on Tamarix africana and T. gallica L. and Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares, 1904 on Artemisia herba-alba and A. judaica. Thirteen species were recorded in Northern Egypt near Alexandria during investigations in the years 2012–2014. Eight species are gall causers associated with various host plants and five species are predators feeding on various arthropods. Three species are new to science, and are described in a separate paper; seven species are recorded in Egypt for the first time; Stefaniella trinacriae De Stefani, 1900 and Schizomyia buboniae (Frauenfeld, 1859) are newly recorded after more than 100 years since their first discovery in Egypt. Drawings and photos of several galls on host plants and recommendations for future research of the family Cecidomyiidae in Egypt are given. Lestodiplosis tamaricis (Kollar, 1858), new combination; larvae are zoophagous in galls caused by Cirriphora pharaonana (Kollar, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
... It is primarily a European species, which has been introduced to North America (USA, Canada), Australia, New Zealand and South Africa for biological control of Hypericum perforatum. In Europe it has a disjunct distribution range (in contrast to the coherent range of Dasineura hyperici) and at present is known from 23 countries of Europe (Skuhravá 1986, Skuhravá et al. 1984, Skuhravá & Skuhravý 2009, Skuhravá et al. 2005, 2008). NEJ: Laesø, Klitten, 2007 (57°17'8''N 11° 3'41 " E), leg. ...
We report the first records to Denmark of nineteen gall midge species: Anabremia bellevoyei, Bayeriola thymicola, Contarinia asclepiadis, Dasineura virgaeaureae, Lestodiplosis achilleae, Lestodiplosis chrysanthemi, Lestodiplosis cirsii, Lestodiplosis coni, Macrolabis achilleae, Ozirhincus millefolii, Rhopalomyia baccarum, Tricholaba viciarum, Trotteria ligustri, Zeuxidiplosis giardi and three species of Contarinia only determined to the genus level. With the reported records, the Danish gall midge fauna comprises 302 named species and 24 species identified to the genus level only. Of these, 87 have been found during the last decade, the largest number of new species to Denmark ever reported for a ten year period.
However, the fact the few individuals have made these findings at a limited number of sites strongly suggest that the Danish gall midge fauna still is very incompletely known.
Aim
Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) is regarded as a keystone plant species. Trophic interactions may affect the distribution and abundance of phytophagous species, but the number of arthropod species that use holm oak as a food resource and their levels of host specificity are not yet known. Here, we aimed to quantify these species, their feeding strategies and conservation status, the taxonomic relatedness in each trophic guild and their degree of host specificity on holm oak.
Location
Our study covered the whole distribution area of Q. ilex in the central-western Mediterranean Basin.
Methods
We reviewed the existing literature and compiled information about all arthropod species that feed on Q. ilex, as well as their feeding strategies and conservation status. We also investigated the relationships between trophic guilds and the taxonomic relatedness of species, and assessed the degree of climatic niche overlap with holm oak.
Results
We found that 605 species feed on seven different parts of the holm oak plant (i.e. feeding strategies). More than 90% of these species lack a conservation status assessment, and eight are threatened by human activities, either as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. A significant phylogenetic relationship was found between taxonomic relatedness and groups of arthropods that feed on the same part of the plant (i.e. trophic guilds). Twenty per cent of the species had similar niches, thereby indicating the potentially high host dependence of these species.
Main conclusions
This study highlights the significance of a keystone tree species for arthropod conservation and the need for further research into the distribution and conservation status of arthropod species in Mediterranean holm oak woodlands.
A gall midge, Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is reported for the first time in the continental United States of America from the states of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The gall midge is an obligate parasite of Sonchus L., including perennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L., a weed that was the impetus for earlier releases of C. sonchi as a biological control in Canada. Patches of S. arvensis were commonly infested with C. sonchi, and often leaves were densely galled. Dissections of galled leaves led to the novel finding of multiple C. sonchi larvae in some individual galls. In addition, three parasitoids emerged from galls sampled in South Dakota: Aprostocetus cf. atticus Graham, Ceraphron sp., and a possible new species of Lyrcus Walker. Further research is warranted to determine the geographic extent of C. sonchi and its parasitoids in the USA, and to determine the impact of C. sonchi on its weedy hosts.
