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One of the arguments against deregulation of the airline industry has been the possibility that financially troubled carriers would be tempted to lower line maintenance spending, thus lowering maintenance quality and decreasing the overall safety of the carrier. Given the financial crisis triggered by the events of 9/11: it appears to be a good tim...
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In this report, we build an argument in the possibility of a new financial crisis in the forthcoming years. The argument is mainly built on a number of financial and economic indicators that are mainly used to identify the status of a particular economy and to forecast future economic activities as well. Our analyses were built in studying some of...
What are the prospects for New Member States to join the euro-zone in the not too distant future? They seem to be in a catch-22 situation. Because of the current financial crisis some Maastricht criteria it would be more difficult to fulfil in the short and medium term, which would make it hard for them to join the eurozone. But there is also an ar...
Citations
... The airline industry is sensible to economic cycles, introduction of new aircraft models, and retirement of aging aircraft; therefore, by adopting an outsourcing strategy, airlines can minimize the impact of economic waves and tap the benefits of technology changes through a small number of competent, well-trained mechanics in-house (Belobaba et al., 2016;Bennett & Craun, 1996;Bourjade et al., 2017;Fischer et al., 2008;GAO, 2004;Nader & Smith, 1994;Perrow, 2011). In the eyes of airline management, the successful capability of line maintenance and light maintenance is the core competency of airline maintenance, and it could influence the safe operations of the airlines (McFadden & Worrells, 2012;Quinn & Hilmer, 1994;Rhoades et al., 2005). ...
This study examines the U.S. airline maintenance outsourcing-a common business phenomenon in the post-1978 deregulated airline industry. Over the years, there have been several fatal accidents in the U.S. linked to airline maintenance outsourcing, and it has caught the attention of the government and general public. This paper went over the complex airline maintenance outsourcing factors from technology, economics, and political tripartite perspectives. And suggestions for the airlines, the regulators and the legislators are made in the end.
... In return, this can affect aviation safety as the aircraft maintenance labor force is a key part of a tightly coupled socio-technical system; the failure to protect the mechanics could contribute to an accident (Perrow, 2011;Reason, 1997Reason, , 2016Wiegmann & Shappell, 2003). While U.S. Part 121 air carriers have excellent safety records over the past few decades (Belobaba et al., 2016;Van Wagner, 2007), poor performance in terms of on-time departure and arrival statistics may be partly explained by substandard maintenance work performed both in-house and by third parties and may suggest a future impact to aviation safety (Bağan & Gerede, 2019;CBS News Chicago, 2019;Rhoades, et al., 2005). In short, the quality of outsourced work is more dependent on the MRO providers and less dependent on the airlines. ...
... In return, this can affect aviation safety as the aircraft maintenance labor force is a key part of a tightly coupled socio-technical system; the failure to protect the mechanics could contribute to an accident (Perrow, 2011;Reason, 1997Reason, , 2016Wiegmann & Shappell, 2003). While U.S. Part 121 air carriers have excellent safety records over the past few decades (Belobaba et al., 2016;Van Wagner, 2007), poor performance in terms of on-time departure and arrival statistics may be partly explained by substandard maintenance work performed both in-house and by third parties and may suggest a future impact to aviation safety (Bağan & Gerede, 2019;CBS News Chicago, 2019;Rhoades, et al., 2005). In short, the quality of outsourced work is more dependent on the MRO providers and less dependent on the airlines. ...
... Other research has been carried out to find the relationship between deregulation and safety performance since the deregulation of airline industry. For instance, Raghavan and Rhoades (2005) examined the relationship between financial performance and air transport safety since the deregulation of the US airline industry in 1978. Using accident rates as a measure of safety, their study shows that total accidents and accident rates, when normalized over departures, have increased over the period 1978-2002, indicating the potential dominance of industry growth over air carrier safety improvements. ...
... Maintenance quality is also a key contributing factor of airline safety. Rhoades et al (2005) argue that airline deregulation could tempt financially troubled carriers to lower line maintenance spending. This would lead to lowering maintenance quality and decreasing the overall safety of the carrier. ...
... This paper examines the quality of airline line maintenance activity and examines the impact of maintenance spending on maintenance quality and overall safety. Rhoades et al (2005) correlated the maintenance spending of 10 major airlines in the US with their ''incident" reporting rates. The results show only a modest level of correlation. ...
... "Outsourcing allows airline management to focus attention on the core business of attracting and satisfying passengers or defence personnel with new aircraft or special purpose aircraft, while at the same time it releases capital and reduces the cost of support services as pleaded by Ghobrial (2005). "Airline maintenance quality is the result of well-trained mechanics maintaining the aircraft in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations" (Rhoades et al. 2005). ...
Indian Aircraft Industry has emerged as one of the rapid growing industrial endeavors in the world, with automation in most of its production and manufacturing areas. Technological advancements have led to this growth and, over the years, competitiveness has made the industry to efficiently look for avenues and other strategic alliances. In this direction, 3D printing technology has opened many opportunities. This study is focused on explaining the 3D printing technology utilization for production and servicing apart from developing a methodology to outsource various automated technologies to the tier-2/tier-3 companies basing themselves on specified parameters and capabilities by using the 3D printing. 3D printing in manufacturing industry, particularly in aircraft manufacture, has brought in novel prospective along with new challenges posturing new methodologies and innovative approaches to meet the global standards. In this line, the Indian Aircraft Industry has started redistributing its sourcing by outsourcing of certain non-strategic facilities and parts that can be manufactured with the use of 3D printing/additive manufacturing, computerization and automation to outsiders, aiming at development of capabilities in the partnership industry, to provide the scope for generating high volume at the affiliated industries to pave way for a win-win ground. Already playing a good role in aircraft engine manufacture at Indian aircraft industry, 3D printing is going to play a more vital role in the total aircraft manufacture and avionics in the next few years, if the present scenario is pragmatic in line with the industrial needs. With the advantage of "low or zero" waste, less impact on environment, apart from possibility of local manufacture and just-in-time delivery, with greater specification of the final product, outsourcing of the parts and products for the entire aircraft manufacture will be a reality as per the current research, thriving on improved production volumes of similar parts for various end users. Research further suggests that outsourcing configuration is looking to invest in the new methods and "timely production" would become an assurance with 3D printing.
... This research collected some research that had been done and put them in containers of Safety Risk Analysis Organization. • Rhoades, et al. (2005) describes the effect of the cost of maintenance of aviation safety and application maintenance support aviation safety. • Mohaghegh (2007) differentiates and builds culture of safety and security climate and builds SoTeRiA model to determine the decision-making process from the individual level to the organizational level and to determine the number of workers, the recruitment process, the process of training, and organizational structures that support the safety culture. ...
... Referrals that have been mentioned are then used as the basic determinant of variable safety research organization. This study tries to summarize these variables as follows: • Rhoades, et al. (2005) ...
In Indonesia, the rate of accident and serious incident of aircraft have reached alarming stage. National Transportation Safety Committee affirmed that human errors played the biggest role from period 2007 – 2013. Although there are several possible causes for human error, one of the most critical elements is the quality of Aircraft Maintenance Organization, especially the human resources.To get basic knowledge of human factor, the first step of this study is literature study. The literature reviews showed that there are at least four factors that influenced human errors. They are Organizational Design, Safety Climate, Safety Performance, and Safety Outcome. After the factors were discovered, the next step is choosing the methodology. Since most of the literatures used models to describe the situation, this study will use similar approaches. Ostroff et al Model (2003) and Christian et al Model (2009) are chosen among the model because they can represent the most accurate situations in Aircraft Maintenance Organization in Indonesia. To get an added value, after these two model are merged, Principle of Hoffman (2003) is used to give a better and upgraded model. The proposed model is then explained through six proposed hypotheses, in which two of them are the added values. To collect the suitable data for the model, the final step is deciding the operational variables which are described on the form of tables for each factor. Each variable is tested through sub-model. Method used for gathering data is questionnaire which uses Likert scale test. The result of Likert scale test and the sub-models will become the proposed model. The proposed model is expected to give Aircraft Maintenance Organization a better understanding on human error and make them focus their improvement on human factor more so that the rate of accidents and serious incidents in Indonesia can be reduced significantly.
... [17], [19], [20] Defects found during maintenance inspections and pilot reports Defects found by technicians during inspection at the time of the A-check increase additional defects, which leads to aircraft being on the ground for long periods. ...
... Maintenance quality is also a key contributing factor of airline safety. Rhoades et al (2005) argue that airline deregulation could tempt financially troubled carriers to lower line maintenance spending. This would lead to lowering maintenance quality and decreasing the overall safety of the carrier. ...
... This paper examines the quality of airline line maintenance activity and examines the impact of maintenance spending on maintenance quality and overall safety. Rhoades et al (2005) correlated the maintenance spending of 10 major airlines in the US with their ''incident" reporting rates. The results show only a modest level of correlation. ...
... Chen et al (2009) surveyed experts who would prioritize 78 percent of safety resources to their top 2 'causes' of flight crew and maintenance staff errors. Rhoades et al (2005) conjectured that fleet mix, fleet age, aircraft utilisation and maintenance training could have an effect on safety. We used the terms 'aircraft suitability' and 'crew ability' to cover these factors. ...
Airline safety tends to result from a combination of many different circumstances that include technical, human, environmental and organizational factors. By using the systems thinking tools of qualitative system dynamics, this paper develops a conceptual causal loop diagram that connects possible influential factors on airline safety. This theoretical investigation constitutes a sound basis for the development of cause-effect relationships associated with accident and incident analysis in the air transport industry. Our findings suggest that causal loop modelling is a very useful tool for producing a comprehensive model of airline safety management that takes into account the multi-dimensional and complex nature of air safety mechanisms. It is hoped that the airline industry, and particularly air safety managers, will become more aware of the importance of this kind of modelling to mprove their airline safety management systems.
... Parasuraman et al. (1985) indicate that tangible evidence is a factor that service customers consider when forming their perceptions of quality. The last sub-dimension, safety & security, has provoked intense debate over issues as basic as the definition of safety & security quality itself and as complex as the relationship between safety and financial performance in the airline industry (Rhoades, Reynolds, Waguespack, & Williams, 2005). Bitner (1990) suggests that some passengers consider airline travel threatening and, to those passengers, boarding an airplane is a life-and-death issue. ...
The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding of service quality in the airline industry by developing a conceptual framework and measurement scale. Based on an extensive literature review, qualitative and empirical research, a hierarchical model of service quality for the airline industry is proposed. Analysis of data from 544 passengers indicates that the proposed model fits the data well. Reliability and validity of the measurement scale are established using a pilot test and the substantive survey. This study extends the literature on service quality in the fields of transportation management by providing a comprehensive framework and measurement scale. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
... Some evidence points to a looming disaster, while other studies discredit the threat. A team of researchers from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University performed a study on the correlation between maintenance spending and maintenance quality (safety) (Rhoades, Reynolds, Waguespack, & Williams, 2005). They concluded that increased spending on maintenance is associated with increased line maintenance activity and therefore increased overall safety. ...
New aircraft come with a set of recommended standard operating procedures, in the case of multi-crew aircraft this includes "callouts"-verbalizations of particular flight guidance automation mode changes. In an attempt to reduce the risk for mode confusion some operators have required flight crews to callout all flight guidance automation mode changes as a means of forcing pilots to monitor the Flight Mode Annunciator (FMA). Previous research has shown that crews do not spend enough time on the flight mode annunciator, and skip mode call-outs as well as making call-outs in advance of annunciations; there has been no report of any system or regularity in the shedding and adaptation of callouts. One reason could be the contrived empirical simulator settings of such research, which we aimed to augment with natural observations of real cockpit work reported here. With the hope of answering, in more detail, how required verbal coordination of annunciated mode changes gets adapted to real settings we observed 19 line flights with three different airlines from the first observer's seat in the cockpit. We found that many callouts were simply shed in high-workload situations, and found regularity in the kind of callouts being shed. Callouts relating to aircraft automation, such as FMA call-outs, were shed before other required callouts. Our results suggested that FMA callouts were not used as a tool to detect or remember automation mode changes but as a vehicle for coordinating between the pilots themselves, a finding that could serve as a reminder for future design of callout procedures.
