Figure 3-2 - uploaded by Mark R. Byrnes
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Shoreline from New Jersey to North Carolina with coarse grid limits and wave input data stations used to determine dredging impacts from offshore sand mining.
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The paper presents a novel multidisciplinary method to estimate the shoreline position, using remotely sensed images and considering the effects of waves and tide. The shoreline position continually changes in time because of the dynamic nature of water levels at the coastal boundary. Traditionally, the shoreline is mapped by means of aerial images...
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Citations
... (See, for example, Combe and Soileau 1987.) The analysis presented here closely follows the Minerals Management Service guidelines presented in Kelley, Ramsey, and Byrnes (2001) The procedure used here was to refract offshore waves over the existing bathymetry into near-breaking depths. Then, the same offshore waves were refracted over bathymetry that had been modified by an appropriate increase in the depth in the borrow area(s). ...
... For this reason , sites with large natural variation in wave climate and associated sediment transport potential could sustain greater impacts associated with an offshore sand mining project. The initial application of this method (KELLEY et al., 2001) used 1 as the significance criterion, based on splitting the 20-year wave-hindcast record into five four-year periods, as opposed to 20 individual years for the present criterion. The standard deviation of transport computed using the 20-year record divided into five four-year periods is approximately 80% of 1 determined for 20 individual one-year model runs. ...
... As expected, excavation of Site 3 west had a greater impact on nearshore sediment transport patterns due to the large sand extraction volume, its proximity to the shoreline, and the relatively shallow water depths. Because it has been suggested that borrow sites located in close proximity illustrate additive impacts (KELLEY et al., 2001 ), the influence of multiple sites on sediment transport along a coastline is an additive effect, rather than a more complicated non-linear effect or amplification. Therefore, it is likely that excavation of Site 3 east and Site 3 west would cause changes to the transport potential to fall outside the significance envelope, and the excavation plan would be considered unacceptable. ...
An analytical approach that incorporates analysis of nearshore wave transformation and wave-induced longshore sediment transport was developed to quantify the significance of potential physical environmental impacts associated with offshore sand mining. Calculation of longshore sediment transport potential for a series of wave cases provided a method for determining the extent and magnitude of alterations to nearshore processes, but the magnitude of change alone did not provide enough information to determine the significance of changes for a particular coastline. This paper documents a method for evaluating the significance of borrow site impacts that incorporates temporal and spatial variations in the incident wave field. Example applications of this method are presented for borrow sites offshore Oregon Inlet, North Carolina; Martin County, Florida; and Corsons Inlet, New Jersey. As a management tool, this methodology holds several advantages over methods previously employed to assess the significance of borrow site impacts, including: 1) a model-independent component (observed shoreline change) is used to verify model results; 2) impacts associated with borrow site excavation can be directly related to their potential influence on observed coastal processes; 3) site-specific temporal variability in wave climate and sediment transport potential is calculated as part of the methodology; and 4) the procedure accounts for spatial and temporal variability in wave climate, as well as provides a means of quantifying significance of impacts relative to site-specific conditions.
