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, 2. Morphology of the new Lecanora species. 1 L. kenyana, isotype (F). 2 L. orientoafricana, isotype (F). Scale bars = 1mm
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The new sorediate species Lecanora kenyana from Mount Kenya and L. orientoafricana from the Rift Valley in Kenya are described. L. kenyana has red-brown apothecia with a constricted base, a melacarpella–type amphithecium, pulicaris–type epihymenium, a hyaline hypothecium, and contains usnic acid as major constituent. L. orientoafricana is character...
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Galbinothrix caesiopruinosa is described from Japan and Korea. The new genus and species is placed in Chrysotrichaceae by its ascoma morphology and by a phylogenetic analysis of mtSSU and nLSU sequence data using Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference. The monotypic genus Galbinothrix is superficially similar to Chrysothrix caesia in having dark...
Architrypetheliummurisporum Luangsuphabool, Lumbsch & Sangvichien is described for a crustose lichen occurring in dry evergreen forest in Thailand. It is characterised by a green to yellow-green corticated thallus, perithecia fused in black pseudostromata with white rim surrounding the ostiole and small, hyaline and muriform ascospores. Currently,...
In this paper, an extended molecular phylogeny was generated for the Ocellularia clade, which includes about half of the species that were previously separated in the family Thelotremataceae. Three genes (mtSSU, nuLSU, RPB2), from a total of 270 OTUs with 136 ingroup species, were sequenced to evaluate whether the core genera, Ocellularia and Myrio...
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... The few tropical Lecanora specimens sequenced so far are mainly from the Paleotrop ics [7,49] and a recent study with molecular data focusing on Bolivia [50]. With additiona sequences from Brazil, we found that some of the species' identifications of publishe sequences are incongruent; for example, the GenBank (GB) sequences identified as L. vain ioi from Thailand were clustered in a distinct branch separate from the Brazilian materia the type of L. vainioi being is from Brazil [51]. ...
... The few tropical Lecanora specimens sequenced so far are mainly from the Paleotropics [7,49] and a recent study with molecular data focusing on Bolivia [50]. With additional sequences from Brazil, we found that some of the species' identifications of published sequences are incongruent; for example, the GenBank (GB) sequences identified as L. vainioi from Thailand were clustered in a distinct branch separate from the Brazilian material, the type of L. vainioi being is from Brazil [51]. ...
We sequenced over 200 recent specimens of Lecanora s.lat. from Brazil, delimiting 28 species in our material. Many seem to represent undescribed species, some of which being morphologically and chemically similar to each other or to already described species. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, including our specimens and GenBank data. We describe nine new species. The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the diversity of the genus in Brazil, not to focus on segregate genera. However, we found that all Vainionora species cluster together and these will be treated separately. Other Lecanora species with dark hypothecium clustered in several different clades. Species with the morphology of Lecanora caesiorubella, in which currently several subspecies with different chemistry and distribution are recognized, fall apart in different, distantly related clades, so they cannot be regarded as subspecies but should be recognized at species level. A key is given for the Lecanora species from Brazil.
... Our results, which included ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, RPB2, and MCM7 sequences for a specimen of Bryonora, strongly support Bryonora as a distinct genus belonging to the MPRPS clade. Although there have been morphological studies on Lecanoraceae in Bolivia (Śliwa et al., 2013Bolivia (Śliwa et al., , 2014; to a minor extent, Guderley, 1999), ours is the first study to generate molecular data for Bolivian Lecanoraceae and one of the only molecular phylogenetic studies of tropical Lecanoraceae (Kirika et al., 2012;Papong et al., 2013). These data will be used in forthcoming publications on the systematics of Lecanoraceae. ...
Shifts in climate along elevation gradients structure mycobiont–photobiont associations in lichens. We obtained mycobiont (lecanoroid Lecanoraceae) and photobiont ( Trebouxia alga) DNA sequences from 89 lichen thalli collected in Bolivia from a ca. 4,700 m elevation gradient encompassing diverse natural communities and environmental conditions. The molecular dataset included six mycobiont loci (ITS, nrLSU, mtSSU, RPB1 , RPB2 , and MCM7 ) and two photobiont loci (ITS, rbc L); we designed new primers to amplify Lecanoraceae RPB1 and RPB2 with a nested PCR approach. Mycobionts belonged to Lecanora s.lat., Bryonora , Myriolecis , Protoparmeliopsis , the “ Lecanora ” polytropa group, and the “ L .” saligna group. All of these clades except for Lecanora s.lat. occurred only at high elevation. No single species of Lecanoraceae was present along the entire elevation gradient, and individual clades were restricted to a subset of the gradient. Most Lecanoraceae samples represent species which have not previously been sequenced. Trebouxia clade C, which has not previously been recorded in association with species of Lecanoraceae, predominates at low- to mid-elevation sites. Photobionts from Trebouxia clade I occur at the upper extent of mid-elevation forest and at some open, high-elevation sites, while Trebouxia clades A and S dominate open habitats at high elevation. We did not find Trebouxia clade D. Several putative new species were found in Trebouxia clades A, C, and I. These included one putative species in clade A associated with Myriolecis species growing on limestone at high elevation and a novel lineage sister to the rest of clade C associated with Lecanora on bark in low-elevation grassland. Three different kinds of photobiont switching were observed, with certain mycobiont species associating with Trebouxia from different major clades, species within a major clade, or haplotypes within a species. Lecanoraceae mycobionts and Trebouxia photobionts exhibit species turnover along the elevation gradient, but with each partner having a different elevation threshold at which the community shifts completely. A phylogenetically defined sampling of a single diverse family of lichen-forming fungi may be sufficient to document regional patterns of Trebouxia diversity and distribution.
... The genus is probably as polyphyletic as Rhizoplaca Zopf (Arup & Grube 2000, Arup et al. 2007, Leavitt et al. 2011), Protoparmelia M. Choisy (Lendemer & Lumbsch 2008, Papong et al. 2011, Sing et al. 2013), and Lecanora Ach. (Grube & Blaha 2003, Grube et al. 2004, Lumbsch et al. 2012, Sliwa et al. 2012). Thallus distinctly placodioid, rosette-like, apothecia lecanorine, asci of Sedelnikovaea-type, 8-spored; ascospores simple, hyaline. ...
A molecular phylogeny based on ITS1/ITS2 and mtSSU DNA sequences is presented for lichen-forming fungi in Protoparmeliopsis and its distant relative Sedelnikovaea gen. nov. The positions of the two genera in the phylogenetic tree of the families Lecanoraceae and
Lecideaceae are discussed. The new combination Sedelnikovaea baicalensis (≡ Lecanora baicalensis) is proposed. The unique Sedelnikovaea-type ascus is described and illustrated. Sedelnikovaea baicalensis and Zwackhiomyces zarei are for the first
time recorded from China.
... Recently, Lecanora sensu stricto has received increased attention in South and South-East Asia, including regional treatment on species groups occurring in Japan, India, and Thailand (Miyawaki 1988Miyawaki , 1994 Nayaka et al. 2006; Upreti 1998; Upreti & Chatterjee 1998). These studies and other recent ones in Australia and East Africa (Kirika et al. 2012; Lumbsch et al. 2011; Lumbsch & Elix 2004) showed that several undescribed species occur in the paleotropics. Currently, there is no comprehensive revision of Lecanora species in India, but one of us (SN) has been working for some time on the Indian species of the genus. ...
The new species Lecanora girigangaensis and L. upretii from Himachal Pradesh in India are described. The former has large apothecia with a constricted base, melacarpella-type amphithecium, glabrata-type epihymenium, hyaline hypothecium, and contains atranorin and usnic acid, while the latter is characterized by having yellow-brown to pale brown apothecial discs, a melacarpella-type amphithecium, pulicaris-type epihymenium, and contains atranorin and usnic acid. Also, Lecanora subalbellina is recorded from Asia for the first time.
Lecanoraceae is one of the largest families of the Lecanoromycetes, with about 30 accepted genera, many of which, however, have uncertain status and/or circumscriptions. We assess the phyloge-netic position of the genus Bryonora and its segregate Bryodina for the first time, using a six-locus phylogeny comprising the Lecanoraceae as well as closely related families. We find strong support for the placement of Bryonora in the Lecanoraceae, whereas there is no support for treating Bryodina as a genus separate from Bryonora. Hence, we reduce Bryodina to synonymy with Bryonora. Further, we describe Bryonora microlepis as new to science and transfer Lecanora casta-neoides to Bryonora and L. vicaria to Miriquidica. A world key to Bryonora is included.
From the combined phylogenetic analysis of multi-locus sequence data of the Lecanoraceae including two nuclear protein-coding markers (RPB2 and RPB1), the internal transcribed spacer and a fragment of the mitochondrial small subunit, found that the originally monotypic eastern Asian genus Verseghya is positioned within the Verseghya-Lecidella-Pyrrhospora clade of the Lecanoraceae and includes one more taxon Verseghya thysanophora widely distributed in Northern Hemisphere.
The genus Lecidella forming the Lecidella-Glaucomaria subclade within the same Verseghya-Lecidella-Pyrrhospora clade of the Lecanoraceae found to have tendency to be polyphyletic after including the recently described eastern Asian taxon Lecidella mandshurica into phylogenetic analysis of the Lecanoraceae. It is shown that Lecidella mandshurica was previously recorded from China sub Lecidella aff. elaeochroma .
The originally monotypic eastern Asian genus Sedelnikovaea forming a monophyletic branch within the Sedelnikovaea-Lecanoropsis subclade and being in out-position to the Rhizoplaca-Protoparmeliopsis s. str. clade of the Lecanoraceae found to include three more taxa, i.e. Sedelnikovaea marginalis, S. pseudogyrophorica , and S. subdiscrepans .
The Eurasian Protoparmeliopsis bolcana , and the eastern Asian P. kopachevskae , are illustrated for the first time as being positioned within the Protopameliopsis branch of the Lecanoraceae, while the South Korean ‘ Protoparmeliopsis’ chejuensis found to be positioned in separate monophyletic branch from all other branches of the Rhizoplaca-Protoparmeliopsis s. l. clade of the Lecanoraceae.
The genus Polyozosia A. Massal. as earlier name for the former Myriolecis branch of the Lecanoraceae is accepted as far the type species of the latter genus, i.e. P. poliophaea , found to be positioned within this branch. The Polyozosia robust monophyletic branch is positioned in the outermost position in the Rhizoplaca-Protoparmeliopsis s. str. clade of the Lecanoraceae.
Position and species content of the accepted genera Glaucomaria, Lecanoropsis, Omphalodina, Polyozosia , and Straminella are discussed in separate nrITS and mtSSU, and combined phylogeny based on concatenated sequences of nrITS, mtSSU, RPB2 and RPB1 genes.
Fourty new combinations are proposed: Glaucomaria bicincta, G. carpinea, G. leptyrodes, G. lojkaeana, G. subcarpinea, G. sulphurea, G. swartzii, G. swartzii subsp. caulescens, G. swartzii subsp. nylanderi, Lecanoropsis anopta, L. macleanii, Omphalodina chrysoleuca, O. huashanensis, O. opiniconensis, O. phaedrophthalma, O. pseudistera, Palicella anakeestiicola, Polyozosia albescens, P. andrewii, P. contractula, P. crenulata, P. dispersa, P. hagenii, P. perpruinosa, P. populicola, P. pruinosa, P. reuteri, P. sambuci, P. semipallida, P. straminea, P. thuleana, Sedelnikovaea marginalis, S. pseudogyrophorica, S. subdiscrepans, Straminella bullata, S. burgaziae, S. conizaeoides, S. densa, S. maheui, S. varia , and Verseghya thysanophora . Validation of one name as Polyozosia perpruinosa Fröberg ex S. Y. Kondr. L. Lőkös et Farkas is also proposed.
Lichens constitute an important component of tropical forest biodiversity. This study inventoried corticolous lichens and examined their variation in various forest types with varying climatic conditions in Mt. Kenya, East Africa. Specifically we evaluated variation of lichen assemblages in relation to forest types and tree diversity along an altitudinal gradient (1800-3100m). Ten study sites were established on two contrasting sides of Mt. Kenya in the indigenous forest: six of them at Chogoria which is on the humid southeastern windward side of the mountain and four sites on the Sirimon side located on the drier northwestern leeward side. Overall 242 lichen taxa were documented; with Chogoria and Sirimon forests having 148 and 94 species that translated to an adequate sampling effort of 74 % and 68 %, respectively. The two contrasting forest types (Chogoria and Sirimon) supported slightly different lichens assemblages. Meanwhile lichen assemblages were found to significantly vary with elevation (or forest types) and with tree host. Posterior analyses showed that the differences were significant among sampling sites (or forest types) on the Chogoria side and insignificant on the Sirimon side. Similarly the number of lichens differed significantly among the host tree species. This study stresses the urgent need to upscale the sustainable management of the presently threatened tropical forests in order to preserve their structural heterogeneity.
