TABLE 4 - uploaded by Matilde Mas
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The paper presents a first set of results for Spain and Italy using the EUKLEMS database. It emphasizes the different paths followed by the two countries over the last thirty five years, even though they still have many features in common. The motivation behind this paper is the poor productivity performance that the two countries have shown recent...
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... To control for the potential bias that could derive from the low micro-firms coverage in gathered data, in an additional test I exclude all firms with less than 10 employees, and repeat the quantification exercise. As shown in Panels C1-C2 of Fig. 9, the dispersion in TFPR estimated without micro-firms is lower than that of the full sample (Panel A1-A2) in Italy and Spain, two countries that reportedly suffers from disproportionate high shares of micro firms (Mas et al., 2008;García-Santana et al., 2020;Vacca, 2013 representative data-coverage. Moreover, as the external validity of results relies on a multitude of economic, productive, and institutional factors, the inclusion of nine countries with heterogeneity across these dimensions aims to enhance its robustness. ...
This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity that factors misallocation reveals in nine EU-member countries (Germany, France, Austria, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Czech Republic, Slovenia and Poland) during the years 2011-2020. Misallocation, as in the degree of efficiency with which inputs are allocated across firms, is increasingly regarded as one main source of aggregate productivity differences across countries. Nevertheless, its within-country spatial and regional dimensions are still largely overlooked, notwithstanding numerous reasons for allocative efficiency to vary across different administrative units. This article aims at filling this gap by firstly performing an exploratory analysis of allocative efficiencies at different levels of territorial aggregation (NUTS0-3). Secondly, it provides evidence for the across-regions disparities in allocative efficiency to account for large shares of aggregate misallocation for all the examined European countries. Finally, it investigates and finds support for the hypothesis that variations in local institutional quality may help explaining regional differences in allocative efficiencies.
... The cases of Italy, Belgium, Greece and Portugal seem to offer a neat narrative supporting this empirical result. The very high debt levels in those countries (essentially all above 100% of GDP since the early 1990s) have been accompanied by poor productivity records over the same time span (Mas et al. 2008). Since productivity growth is a prime driver of long-term economic growth and it is often employed to measure macroeconomic performance, these findings are particularly valuable. ...
In this paper we evaluate empirically the impact of fiscal policy on two key determinants of long-term growth, i.e., private investment and productivity growth. We mostly focus on a panel of 20 OECD economies from 1970 to 2009, although we also present some estimates based on data for 80 developing economies. Our findings suggest that high public debt adversely affects both aggregate investment spending and productivity growth, through distortions related to the size of the public sector. We also find weak evidence of some non-linear effects on productivity, with government debt becoming more detrimental in advanced economies when above 85–90% of GDP.
... An important aspect of the Spanish socioeconomic context during the time of economic boom (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) has been its inability to cope with reforms related to the structural weaknesses of the Spanish economy. Together with the other southern European economies, Spain shows a low and stagnant productivity that is related to structural production weaknesses (Mas et al. 2012). In this way, social dialogue, which had served as an essential modernization tool during the transition and first years of democracy and as the basis of labor relations in Spain, now found itself having to confront the crisis with a difficult socioeconomic context. ...
This chapter analyses German management’s perception of industrial relations in Germany, in particular their working relationship with works councils. Generally, we demonstrate how management welcomes works councils’ positive contribution in shaping employment policies. A picture is presented, to which German industrial relations—known widely as ‘Modell Deutschland’—are seen as the quintessence of a social partnership approach to employment relations. Underpinning such a system is an acknowledgment on the part of management that such a relationship is ultimately one of conflict and cooperation. Hence, the task facing management and works councils involves jointly managing divergent interests so to ensure the sustainability of social partnership in Germany.
... In the initial EU KLEMS method, composed by prof. Dale Jorgenson (Harvard University), the contributions of ICT and non ICT capital groups are estimated to the growth rate of value added (Mas & Javier 2005;Mas et al. 2008;Mas & Quesada 2005, Mas et al. 2008. In order to obtain detail results needed for comparative economic analysis of differently developed economies in the new methodology of the present thesis, each individual capital asset type contribution (IT, CT, Tr, OMash, NResid, Resid, Int) is evaluated rather than the ICT and nonICT capital groups only. ...
... In the initial EU KLEMS method, composed by prof. Dale Jorgenson (Harvard University), the contributions of ICT and non ICT capital groups are estimated to the growth rate of value added (Mas & Javier 2005;Mas et al. 2008;Mas & Quesada 2005, Mas et al. 2008. In order to obtain detail results needed for comparative economic analysis of differently developed economies in the new methodology of the present thesis, each individual capital asset type contribution (IT, CT, Tr, OMash, NResid, Resid, Int) is evaluated rather than the ICT and nonICT capital groups only. ...
... This indicates the existence of an optimal trajectory of public capital accumulation in infrastructure (Canning and Fay, 1993;Canning and Pedroni, 1999;Roller and Waverman, 2001;Calderón and Servén, 2004). Recent works have provided evidence of poor productivity developments since the mid-90s in European countries compared with other countries, mainly the United States (Mas et al., 2008;Fitoussi, 2013). ...
... This confirms the structural weakness of the manufacturing sector in this country, which lost competitiveness with respect to its major EU counterparts since the mid-1990s (Sterlacchini and Venturini, 2011a). A comparison of the productivity performance of Italy and Spain can be found in Mas et al. (2008) and Sterlacchini and Venturini (2011b). Spain, they exhibited negative rates even before the crisis. ...
This study analyses the impact of knowledge assets on productivity and technical efficiency in the EU,
as well as their role in the process of knowledge transfer. The analysis covers the role of the institutional
and regulatory environment in affecting productivity and technical efficiency and how different
regulations interact with both the accumulation of knowledge assets and the transfer of technology.
Special emphasis is put on the analysis of trends and performance within the EU, across countries and
sectors. The trends and performance of the EU at aggregate and sectoral levels are also contrasted with
those of other major competitors, such as the United States, Japan or Korea. Further, the effects of the
recent crisis on productivity and efficiency at firm level are explored.
... An important aspect of the Spanish socioeconomic context during the time of economic boom (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) has been its inability to cope with reforms related to the structural weaknesses of the Spanish economy. Together with the other southern European economies, Spain shows a low and stagnant productivity that is related to structural production weaknesses (Mas et al. 2012). In this way, social dialogue, which had served as an essential modernization tool during the transition and first years of democracy and as the basis of labor relations in Spain, now found itself having to confront the crisis with a difficult socioeconomic context. ...
Spain has a tradition of a particularly competitive industrial relations climate. The country’s current financial crisis and economic recession have triggered a period of unprecedented reforms in the labor market, employment policies and the structure of the collective bargaining. The change towards a decentralized system of industrial relations have placed employee representatives as key parts at the organizational level, with an important role in social innovation and to promote the competitiveness of the organization. Drawing on the results from interviews and a survey among Spanish HR managers we observe that the economic recession has underpinned the large opposition in social relationships. Employee representatives and managers perceive and behave as two opposed groups, subject to high levels of conflict. However, building a constructive social dialogue ties up with the expressed will by Spanish managers to work with competent counterparts at the negotiation table, partners who have a strategic vision of the dynamics of the organization and with whom they can work vis-à-vis through transparency. They point out that empowering employee representatives so that they can achieve these competencies, together with the professionalization of their role, are further challenges for social agents.
... The sovereign debt crisis is having a deeper and longer-lasting impact in Spain than in other European countries owing to the confluence of several causes. First, Spain shares with the other southern European economies a low and stagnant productivity that is related to its production structure and pattern of economic specialization ( Mas et al. 2012). ...
... Furthermore, about 50 per cent of those entitled to benefits actually receive non-contributory unemployment assistance, which is significantly less generous than contributory benefits, in effect pushing the already big number of persons receiving no or little benefits to an even higher level. Summing up, the real structural limitation of the Spanish economy has been low and stagnant productivity ( Mas et al. 2012). Three elements are particularly important in the context of the growth experienced by the Spanish economy since the late 1990s. ...
... This is the timeframe, when the ICT-revolution has started. The widening productivity gap can be attributed therefore partly to a better or more efficient use of ICT-technologies. Second, the gap between the US and single European countries differs very much, underlining the heterogeneity of European countries in specialization and competitiveness. Mas et al (2008) demonstrate the heterogeneity of European countries in terms of productivity and competitiveness. They analyze the productivity development of the Italian and Spanish economies relative to the EU- 15. While both economies experience a productivity slowdown since 1995, the results show significant differences with regard to the competiti ...
This paper investigates the contribution of the service sector, especially the information and communication services to Indian Economic growth using a growth accounting analysis and data from the CMIE database. For the calculation of the contribution of inputs in the growth accounting framework Jorgenson et, al. (2005) advise the use of capital or labour services since not only the quality but also the productivity of various types of capital or labour input, such as low- versus high-skilled, will differ. Standard measures of labour input, such as numbers employed or hours worked, will not account for such differences. Hence they prefer measures of labour input which take the heterogeneity of the labour force into account. According to Timmer et, al. (2007, p. 5) these measures are called labour services or capital services, as they allow for differences in the amount of services delivered per unit of labour or capital in the growth accounting approach. The present study follows the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to unearth the efficiencies of the IT industry of India. The results suggest that In these three years the mean PTE score was about 0.6, indicating thereby companies are 40% pure technical inefficient. Pure technical inefficiency in the Indian software industry may be attributed to the poor infrastructure, mainly power supply. Infrastructure bottleneck and frequent power cut leads to delays and productivity loss in the silicon city of India, i.e. Bangaluru. Percentage of efficient companies in terms of PTE scores was lowest in the year 2003-04 (20.83%) and highest in the year 2005-06 (40.28%). Percentage of efficient companies in PTE score followed a cyclical pattern as well. Indian software companies are becoming more scale inefficient over the years. It was observed that the PI companies have relatively high OTE score as compared to PF and group owned companies. For example, average OTE score for the study period for all the PI companies stood at 0.482 where as the mean OTE scores for PF owned companies and group owned companies were found to be 0.372 and 0.336 respectively. Mean OTE score for PI companies were found to be highest for all the years and lowest for group owned companies expect for the year 1999-2000 when mean OTE score of PF companies was lowest. These scores highlighted that the inefficiency levels in the PI, PF and Group owned companies were 51.8%, 62.8%, and 66.4% respectively, thereby suggesting that although the levels of inefficiencies are very high across all companies yet private Indian companies appeared to be performing better than other two. It is observed that OTE scores of all the three categories of companies have recorded the same pattern. This may be due to external environmental factors have its bearing on OTE of the companies.
... To our knowledge, only a few studies have approached the issue, focusing mainly on the cases of Spain and Italy, and following a methodology different from ours (c.f. Mas et al., 2008;Milana et al., 2008;Mas and Quesada, 2005). The analysis of the Portuguese experience has been almost entirely neglected, due in part to the absence of statistical data on capital and multifactor productivity trends at the industry level until very recently. ...
... Table 3). More precisely, the role played by labor productivity in explaining the Portuguese per capita income gap relative to 2 The international crisis in the seventies had severe consequences in unemployment, which reached extremely high rates, especially among women and the youth (Mas et al, 2008). 3 From the mid-1980s onwards, labour market reforms were implemented in Spain aimed at an increasing flexibility in hiring and dismissing employees, by introducing temporary work contracts. ...
... The increased flexibility was limited, however, to the new work contracts, without changing the conditions of already existing contracts, which led to the emergence of a dual labour market (cf. Mas et al, 2008, OECD, 2010b. 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Spain Portugal 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Spain Portugal 6 both Spain and the EU has been slightly reduced, whereas it increased with respect to the Spain-EU 15 gap. ...
A number of studies in the literature have recently explored the causes behind the European productivity slowdown from the mid-1990s onwards and the correlative increase in the productivity gap between Europe and the United States (e.g., van Ark et al, 2008; Maudos et al, 2008; van Ark and Inklaar, 2005). Much less attention has been given, however, to the specific role of the EU peripheral countries in the process. In this paper we focus on the growth performances of two of such countries: Portugal and Spain. After a period of successful catch-up relative to the EU core, the two countries, which have a number of historical and economic features in common, have recently faced increasing difficulties in closing the gap to the EU. In the last decade, Spain has shown one of the worst productivity growth records among EU-members, whereas Portugal remained quite distant from European average productivity levels, and has increased the gap in per capita income levels. In this paper an attempt is made to shed light on the causes behind the overall disappointing performance of both countries, by focusing on the role of structural change on the process. An extensive literature, from both mainstream and more heterodox streams of research, suggests that sectoral specialization may have a major impact on productivity growth, by influencing the extent to which innovation and technological progress can be achieved. In order to account for these effects, an analysis of productivity trends both at the macroeconomic and industry levels of analysis is undertaken, using growth accounting and shiftshare techniques. The analysis is based on data from the EU-KLEMS database for Spain and the EU-core, and on an update and refinement of Silva´s (2010) labor and multifactor productivity estimates for Portugal. By investigating the different sources of productivity growth between 1980 and 2007, it is argued that an important factor explaining the growth difficulties in both countries is related to their difficulties in promoting important changes in their economic structures. In particular, the recent deterioration of economic growth may be seen as reflecting their incapacity in making a strong leap towards a more ‘modern’ industry structure.
