Eggs of Xyleninae: 13-Rusina ferruginea (x600); 14-Charanyca trigrammica (x130); 15Charanyca trigrammica (x540); 16-Charanyca trigrammica (x660); 17-Cosmia trapezina (x130); 18-Cosmia trapezina (x940). Scale bars: 14, 17-100 μm; 13, 15, 16, 18-10 μm.

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The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

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Full-text available

Jan 2011

Irina V. Dolinskaya

The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) Eggs of sixteen species of fifteen genera of the subfamily Xyleninae occurring in Ukraine are described and illustrated with scanning electron microphotographs. The diagnostic characters of the genera and species are se-lected.

The Chorionic Sculpture in Eggs of Some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)

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Full-text available

Oct 2013

The Chorionic Sculpture in Eggs of Some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Dolinskaya I. V., Ponomarenko M. G. — The eggs of 9 species Noctuidae belonging in 4 subfamilies (Plusiinae, Eustrotinae, Acontiinae and Pantheinae) are examined, described, and illustrated with SEM. The diagnostic characters of the eggs of examined species are given. K e y w o r d s:...

The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Noctuinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Ukraine

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Jan 2010

The Chorionic Sculpture of the Eggs of Some Noctuinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from Ukraine Descriptions and scanning electron microphotographs of the eggs of 10 species from 7 genera of the subfamily Noctuinae occurring in Ukraine are provided. The diagnostic characters of the genera and species are selected.

Egg Morphology of some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)

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Apr 2014

Irina V. Dolinskaya

Egg Morphology of Some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). Dolinskaya, I.V.— Th e eggs of 10 species Noc-tuidae from 6 subfamilies (Acronictinae, Metoponiinae, Cuculliinae, Heliothinae, Condicinae and Bryophilinae) occurring in Ukraine are examined, described, and illustrated with SEM. Th e diagnostic characters of examined species are carried out. K e y w o...

Identificación de la Especie Basada en el Gen Citocromo Oxidasa I Mitocondrial y Detección de Begomovirus de Bemisia tabaci1 en Cultivos de Baja California Sur, México

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Jan 2021
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

Actividad Insecticida de Extractos de Plantas Sobre Cuerna costalis (F.)1

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Jan 2021
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

Xylella fastidiosa es una de las enfermedades más importantes a nivel mundial, el manejo de sus vectores es una de las estrategias más viables para su control. La presente investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio de Entomología y Acarología del Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN). Se evaluaron 21 extractos de plantas sobre Cuerna costalis proveniente de muestreos de vid y nogal, estos se multiplicaron sobre frijol bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Para el establecimiento del ensayo se utilizó el método de prueba 005 del IRAC con ligeras modificaciones, en un arreglo completamente al azar con 8 concentraciones y 10 repeticiones evaluando a las 120 h. La mortalidad se corrigió acorde a Abbott (1925) y se realizó un Análisis Probit, asimismo se determinaron los principales compuestos fitoquímicos presentes en los extractos mediante el espectrofotómetro infrarrojo. Los resultados muestran una alta susceptibilidad a los extractos de uña de gato (Mimosa zygophylla), sangre de drago (Jatropha dioica), pimienta negra (Piper nigrum), canela (Cinnamomum verum), y mezquite (Prosopis laevigata) con una CL50 de 1166, 1275, 1433, 1459, y 1478 ppm, respectivamente. Los metabolitos presentes en la mayoría de los extractos eficientes fueron ácido tartárico, 1,8-cineol, eugenol, grupos de saponinas, flavonoides, y compuestos fenólicos.

Descripción del Exocorion de Tres Especies de Coeini1

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Jan 2021
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

Se describe y compara el exocorion de tres especies en la tribu Coeini con ejemplares de México: Historis odius dious, Colobura dirce dirce, y Smyrna blomfildia datis. Se caracterizaron los principales rasgos estructurales del exocorion: color, forma, tamaño, ‘ornamentación’, diferenciación micropilar, perimicropilar, y de la zona de transición, así como estructuras ecuatoriales y basales; bajo la técnica de tinción y el empleo del microscopio electrónico de barrido. Se reconocen caracteres microestructurales autapomórficos en el corion de estos géneros (calgarys, filas), así como especializaciones en la base (puentes y domos). Para una comprensión mayor de estas estructuras, se incluyen esquemas y un glosario con los términos adoptados en este trabajo. Se realiza la comparación de nuestros resultados con descripciones publicadas para estas especies, así como con algunas filogenias de la subfamilia Nymphalinae.

Chemicals in the Genital Chamber of Two Mexican Species of Phyllophaga1

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Jul 2019
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

Phyllophaga ravida Blanchard and Phyllophaga opaca Moser (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) are economically important in Mexico. An option for management of the insect pests is use of sex pheromones. To obtain the chemical profile of sex pheromones of both species the posterior section of the genital chamber of females was excised and macerated to release the contents. Eight compounds from P. ravida were identified by retention index and mass spectra: cyclohexane, 1,1′-(2-tridecyl-1,3-propanediyl) bis-; 10-methyl-eicosane; 5-butyl-hexadecane; 3-hexen-2-one; 3,3-diethyl-azetidine-2,4-dione; tetramethyl-oxirane; 3-methyl-2-pentanone; and 2-methoxy-2-methyl-butane. Seven compounds were identified for P. opaca: cholesta-4, 6-dien-3-ol; cholesterol; cholesta-3,5-dien; 2-methyl heptadecane; α-tocopherol succinate; 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, acetate; and lup-20 (29)-en-3-ol, acetate. Some identified chemicals, mainly 3,3-diethyl-azetidine-2,4-dione and 2-methyl heptadecane might be involved in sexual attraction of P. ravida and P. opaca, respectively. Several compounds probably are incorporated from plants into insects during feeding, and further transformed by metabolism.

Una Comparaci??n de T??cnicas de Rehidrataci??n Abdominal y Cori??nica en Especies de Emesis Fabricius1 y Lasaia H. Bates1

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Jul 2019
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

Abundance of the Beet Leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus, Associated

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Jun 2019
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

Diana Medina-Hernandez

During 2016-2017, growers at San Juan de Los Planes, El Carrizal, and El Pescadero at Baja California Sur, Mexico experienced serious outbreaks of phytoplasma squash yellowing disease, causing significant economic loss, mostly from low yield and quality of squash, Cucurbita pepo L., for export. In addition, abundant beet leafhoppers, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), presumed to transmit the disease, were observed in each field. Using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and comparing in silico patterns, positive Western X-disease phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was detected. Scanning electron microscopy showed phytoplasmatic particles in sieve tubes of infected plants and insects. Phytoplasma risk based on combined data of insect abundance, disease incidence, and economic threshold was analyzed to evaluate the impact of the disease over time. Only at Los Planes with 128 adult insects per trap and 75.5% incidence of disease was risk of phytoplasma high, while at El Carrizal and El Pescadero, risk was moderate. This is the first evidence of beet leafhoppers transmitting phytoplasma to squash at Baja California Sur. The information will be useful for managing disease in the region and where squash is grown worldwide.

Use of exochorion characters for the systematics of Hamadryas Hübner and Ectima Doubleday (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae: Ageroniini)

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Jun 2019
ZOOTAXA

We studied the chorionic morphology of six species of Hamadryas, and together with previous studies, we compared our results with previously published phylogenies for the genus. Samples were obtained from 19 females collected between 2013 and 2017 whose abdomens were sectioned and preserved for later dissection. Eggs were extracted from those dissections and used for the descriptions and illustrations of the chorion. The Hamadryas egg is of the globose type; it is quasi-spheroidal and has multiple polygonal grids with differentiation in specific zones/regions, and knolls with macrocells in their summits that arise in the apical third. These characteristics are very different from those found in the majority of Biblidinae and for those reported in the literature for Batesia and Panacea, which belong to the same subtribe as Hamadryas (Ageroniina, now Ageroniini). Chorionic characters support a previously suggested division of the genus (februa, feronia and laodamia groups) and they agree with the phylogenetic proposal based on morphological characters. Our study expands previous morphological work focused on this genus and compiles all the information available to date about the exochorion of Hamadryas, which now includes data for 10 species and that of Ectima thecla thecla, the putative sister group of Hamadryas.

The use of egg characters for the classification of Notodontidae (Lepidoptera), with keys to the common Palaearctic genera and species

Article

May 2019
ZOOTAXA

Irina V. Dolinskaya

On the basis of comparative-morphological analysis of 43 genera and 92 species of Palaearctic Notodontidae, as well as the study of the eggs of outgroup species, complexes of characters that are diagnostic, taxonomic or phylogenetic are singled out. It is shown that the egg characteristics are of great taxonomic value at species and generic levels. Some characters are useful for grouping genera. In general, a complex of characters should be used, because different species or genera often share the same characters. Possible apomorphic and plesiomorphic states of the different characters are discussed in relation to the different taxa. The results of this study are discussed with reference to recently published classifications of Notodontidae. As a result of the studies, the keys for identification to the eggs of 43 genera and 92 species of notodontid moths from the Palaearctic region are presented. Reliable diagnostic characters that do not disappear with the injury of eggs or with eggs preserved in alcohol were used. Characters including egg shape, egg and chorion colour, the shape of gnawed holes in eggs when caterpillars hatched, chorionic sculpture, the type of oviposition, foodplants, and geographic distribution of the genera and species were applied. Occasionally, characters that are typical for live eggs, which vary during development, were used. These are characters of egg colour and pattern. The keys are illustrated with photographs made using a digital camera and a scanning electron microscope.

Chorionic sculpture of eggs in the subfamily Dismorphiinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Pieridae)

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Jun 2018
ZOOTAXA

This is the second exploration, comparison, and analysis of the chorion of species (45 sspp.) of the subfamily Dismorphiinae (Pieridae). This study includes nearly 50% of the species of the subfamily, including six of the seven genera in its two subtribes: Leptidea (Leptideini), Enantia, Pseudopieris, Lieinix, Moschoneura, and Dismorphia (Dismorphiini). The material studied originates from more than three dozen localities in six different countries on three continents (America, Asia, and Europe) and two biogeographical regions, the Palearctic and Neotropical, over the last 20 years. We have corrected and added information regarding several morphological aspects of the chorion. The precision of the citriform configuration and the elimination of the meloniform shape in the egg of Dismorphiini were determined with detailed observations on the maturation of the chorion in the ovarioles where each stage appears in a linear sequence. We discerned that the meloniform states correspond to incompletely differentiated or immature eggs. This was confirmed by the study of new samples of Dismorphia amphione, D. eunoe, and D. lewyi. The chorion of Dismorphiinae is basically plesiomorphic with respect to those of Coliadinae and Pierinae because it lacks several typical synapomorphies of these subfamilies, such as the presence of micro-grid and/or perimicropylar and apex differentiation, respectively. The eggs of each Dismorphiinae genus can be diagnosed by a combination of chorionic features, although sometimes by one or more plesiomorphies or apomorphies in each genus, with respect to the form or character states in axes, ribs, and poles in the grid of the three regions of the egg - two polar regions and one equatorial (basal, medial, and apical). Leptidea and Enantia show the most generalized grid pattern; however, two genera retain several plesiomorphies with respect to the undifferentiated axes or a small number of short axes (Pseudopieris), as well as many equidistant ribs (Lieinix). The chorionic grid of Moschoneura, although practically lacking short axes, shows the fewest number of axes in the entire subfamily (eight aligns it with Pseudopieris). The chorionic grid in Dismorphia is highly diverse, as it shows the most derived states; however, it comprises symplesiomorphies or atavisms in two groups of species, which aligns them closer to Lieinix or Pseudopieris, but we do not take them into account in some cases where they are convergences or structural parallelisms. It seems that the combination of the shape and its length:width ratio is correlated with the alar configuration (design, sexual dimorphism, and coloring patterns) and separates three groups of species in Dismorphia, and often correlates with the number of ribs. This also coincides with the Batesian participation in the number of mimetic complexes in which a subgroup of species and their stenoecy are integrated within the primary forests. Finally, two schemes are presented that synthesize and illustrate the changes or progression of the form and chorionic grid in the genera of the subfamily.

Estructura Exocoriónica en Tres Especies de Colias Fabricius, 1807

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Jun 2018
SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL

We described and compared the macro and micro exochorionic grid of three species of the genus Colias: C. croceus, C. alfacariensis, and C. lesbia mineira, under methylene blue staining techniques and with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The size, shapes, as well as diverse aspects of the grid in its region or zones, are different for each species. The differences occur in the micropyle, perimicropylar area, relative thickness between axes and ribs, the arrangement and number of polygons that make up the micro-grid, among other characters we detailed. All these characters are illustrated in drawings and SEM photographs. The results are compared between each species and those of earlier works. © 2018 Southwestern Entomological Society. All rights reserved.

Eggs of Xyleninae: 13-Rusina ferruginea (x600); 14-Charanyca trigrammica (x130); 15Charanyca trigrammica (x540); 16-Charanyca trigrammica (x660); 17-Cosmia trapezina (x130); 18-Cosmia trapezina (x940). Scale bars: 14, 17-100 μm; 13, 15, 16, 18-10 μm.

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