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Chaetosphaeria ciliata (from holotype PRM 858075). 2-5. Ascospores. 6-8. Asci. 9-11. Conidiophores of A-anamorph Menispora ciliata (in vitro, PCA). 12-14. Conidia of the A-anamorph M. ciliata (in vitro, PCA). 15-17. Conidiophores of the B-anamorph phialophora-like (in vitro, PCA). 18. Conidia of the B-anamorph phialophora-like (in vitro, PCA). Bars: 2-8, 12-17 = 10 µm; 9 = 50 µm; 10, 11 = 20 µm.
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A new species of Chaetosphaeria with a Menispora ciliata anamorph is described from decayed wood of Acer campestre collected in the Czech Republic. A phialophora-like synanamorph was produced in vitro on potato carrot agar medium. Chaetosphaeria ciliata is clearly distinguished from other Chaetosphaeria species by its Menispora anamorph with its as...
Citations
... Eleven morphological species, distinguished by morphology of setae, setiform conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, are accepted under the genus and the identification key was provide by Morphologically the genus is characterized by the dark brown sterile setae or fertile setiform conidiophores formed in densely aggregated colony, terminal or rarely lateral phialidic conidiogenous cells with a tapering, strongly recurved apex, inconspicuous sporulating aperture with indistinct shallow collarette, and hyaline, 0-3 septate, falcate or fusiform conidia with or without polar setulae. Réblová and Seifert (2008) recognized two morphological patterns of conidiophores and setae among the 11 known species: a) lacking setae that grow independently of conidiophores; the conidiophores terminate in sterile, whip-like extensions that branch laterally in their lower part; phialides borne on short setulae along the main axis of the conidiophore or its branches; phialides arise singly or in groups, terminally or laterally, including M. caesia, M. ciliata, M. convoluta, M. gamsii, M. glauca, M. manitobaensis, M. tortuosa; or b) with setae occurring independently of conidiophores; the conidiophores terminating in a mono-or polyphialide; phialides are rarely lateral; including M. britannica, M. fuegiana, M. gamundiae and M. uncinata Notes: Menispora ciliata resembles Menispora state of Chaetosphaeria pulviscula in having aseptate conidia, but can be distinguished by asetulate conidia in C. pulviscula Kendrick 1963, 1968;Ellis , 1976Sutton 1973b). Réblová and Seifert (2008) established its teleomorph connection to Chaetosphaeria ciliata Réblová & Seifert. ...
... Réblová and Seifert (2008) recognized two morphological patterns of conidiophores and setae among the 11 known species: a) lacking setae that grow independently of conidiophores; the conidiophores terminate in sterile, whip-like extensions that branch laterally in their lower part; phialides borne on short setulae along the main axis of the conidiophore or its branches; phialides arise singly or in groups, terminally or laterally, including M. caesia, M. ciliata, M. convoluta, M. gamsii, M. glauca, M. manitobaensis, M. tortuosa; or b) with setae occurring independently of conidiophores; the conidiophores terminating in a mono-or polyphialide; phialides are rarely lateral; including M. britannica, M. fuegiana, M. gamundiae and M. uncinata Notes: Menispora ciliata resembles Menispora state of Chaetosphaeria pulviscula in having aseptate conidia, but can be distinguished by asetulate conidia in C. pulviscula Kendrick 1963, 1968;Ellis , 1976Sutton 1973b). Réblová and Seifert (2008) established its teleomorph connection to Chaetosphaeria ciliata Réblová & Seifert. Hol.-Jech., Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 76: 298, 1973. ...
... x 3.9-5.0 µm) Ellis , 1976Sutton 1973b;Lunghini 1994;Réblová et al. 2006;Réblová and Seifert, 2008). Menispora gamsii differs from all these species by smaller conidia. ...
Chaetosphaeriaceae is one of the largest families in Sordariomycetes that commonly found on decaying leaf, fruit, branch, bark and wood in both terrestrial and submerged environment in nature. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae in China, which is based on a systematic study with an integrated approach of morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for a large collection (>1300 herbarium specimens and 1177 living strains). The family Chaetosphaeriaceae is further expanded to accomendate 89 accepted genera, including 22 new genera and 10 newly assigned genera. Most of these genera (except for Chaetosphaeria and several other relatively large genera) are delimitated as monophyletic genera with well-defined diagnostic characters in morphology. The phylogenetic connection of non-phialidic Sporidesmium -like fungi with the family is further confirmed and expanded to 10 different genera. The polyphyletic Codinaea / Dictyochaeta/Tainosphaeria complex is further resolved with a taxonomic framework of 28 monophyletic genera by redelimitation of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta with narrow concept, acceptance of the 16 established genera, and finally introduction of 10 new genera. Chloridium is phylogenetically redefined as monophyletic genus with narrow concept as typified by the type species, a systematic review in both generic and species level is still needed. For biodiversity of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi, a total of 372 species in 76 genera, including 126 new species, 48 new combinations, and 1 new name, are documented. The identification keys are provided for most genera, especially the large genera such as Codinaea , Codinaeella , Stilbochaeta , Cryptophiale , Thozetella , Dinemasporium and Pseudolachnella . In addition, ten known species were excluded from the family and reclassified. One of the future research area for this family should be the systematic revision of several relatively large polyphyletic genera, including Bahusutrabeeja , Ellisembia , Stanjehughesia , Cacumisporium , Chaetosphaeria , Chloridium , Craspedodidymum , Cryptophiale, Cryptophialoidea , Dictyochaetopsis , Minimidochium , and many published species of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta .
... Some of them seem likely to have contributed to the disease-causing species complex. The fungi associated with the diseased poplars, and which had been found previously in the wood of poplar or other deciduous trees, included: Angustimassarina on the wood of grapevine and poplar [34], Chaetosphaeria on the necrotic wood of Prunus [35], Graphium penicillioides in a wood core of Populus nigra in the Czech Republic 200 years ago [36], Graphostroma platystomum on the bark of oak [37], Helicodendron luteoalbum on poplar roots [38], Helicosporium on a wilted chestnut tree [39], and Hymenoscyphus caudatus on the rotten leaves of Populus nigra [40]. The last species is related to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. ...
In 2017, a 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. The leaves appeared smaller, yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died without distinct cankers. Trunks decayed from the base. The phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten percent of the trees died 1–2 months after the first appearance of the symptoms. None of these symptoms were typical for known poplar diseases. The trees’ mycobiota were analysed using Illumina sequencing. A total of 69 467 and 70 218 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the soil and wood. Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota occurred only in the soil, with very low frequencies (0.005% and 0.008%). Two taxa of Glomeromycota, with frequencies of 0.001%, occurred in the wood. In the soil and wood, the frequencies of Zygomycota were 3.631% and 0.006%, the frequencies of Ascomycota were 45.299% and 68.697%, and the frequencies of Basidiomycota were 4.119% and 2.076%. At least 400 taxa of fungi were present. The identifiable Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were represented by at least 18, 263 and 81 taxa, respectively. Many fungi were common to the soil and wood, but 160 taxa occurred only in soil and 73 occurred only in wood. The root pathogens included species of Oomycota. The vascular and parenchymal pathogens included species of Ascomycota and of Basidiomycota. The initial endophytic character of the fungi is emphasized. Soil, and possibly planting material, may be the sources of the pathogen inoculum, and climate warming is likely to be a predisposing factor. A water deficit may increase the trees’ susceptibility. The epidemiology of poplar vascular wilt reminds grapevine trunk diseases (GTD), including esca, black foot disease and Petri disease.
... In Menispora, species with setulae and those that lost them during evolution (M. caesia) are accepted and confirmed with molecular DNA data within the genus (Réblová and Seifert 2008) (FIG. 2). ...
Dictyochaeta (Chaetosphaeriaceae) is a phialidic dematiaceous hyphomycete with teleomorphs classified in Chaetosphaeria. It is associated with significant variability of asexual morphological traits, which led to its broad delimitation. In the present study, six loci: nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode), nuc 18S rDNA (18S), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), and β-tubulin (TUB2), along with comparative morphological and cultivation studies, are used to reevaluate the concept of Dictyochaeta and establish species boundaries. Based on revised species, morphological characteristics of conidia (shape, septation, absence or presence of setulae), collarettes (shape), and setae (presence or absence) and an extension of the conidiogenous cell proved to be important at the generic level. The dual DNA barcoding using ITS and TEF1-α, together with TUB2, facilitated accurate identification of Dictyochaeta species. Thirteen species are accepted, of which seven are characterized in this study; an identification key is provided. It was revealed that D. fuegiana, the type species, is a complex of three distinct species including D. querna and the newly described D. stratosa. Besides, a new species, D. detriticola, and two new combinations, D. callimorpha and D. montana, are proposed. An epitype of D. montana is selected. Dictyochaeta includes saprobes on decaying wood, bark, woody fruits, and fallen leaves. Dictyochaeta is shown to be distantly related to the morphologically similar Codinaea, which is resolved as paraphyletic. Chaetosphaeria talbotii with a Dictyochaeta anamorph represents a novel lineage in the Chaetosphaeriaceae; it is segregated from Dictyochaeta, and a new genus Achrochaeta is proposed. Multigene phylogenetic analysis revealed that D. cylindrospora belongs to the Vermiculariopsiellales, and a new genus Tubulicolla is introduced.
... Using ITS and 28S DNA sequence data, Ch. innumera was resolved as unrelated to other Chaetosphaeria and chaetosphaeria-like species associated with morphologically different anamorphs (Réblová and Winka 2000;Fernández et al. 2006;Lin et al. 2019). Following the "one fungus, one name" concept (Hawksworth 2011(Hawksworth , 2012Hawksworth et al. 2011), some of the former Chaetosphaeria linked with different anamorphs now belong in the respective anamorphic genera based on priority, for example, Catenularia (Berkeley and Broome 1871;Hughes 1965a;Holubová-Jechová 1982), Cacumisporium (Réblová and Gams 1999), Chloridium (Gams and Holubová-Jechová 1976;Réblová et al. 2016), Exserticlava (Hino 1961;Matsushima 1985;Réblová and Seifert 2003;Fernández and Huhndorf 2005), Menispora (Booth 1957(Booth , 1958Holubová-Jechová 1973;Réblová and Seifert 2008), Sporoschisma (Müller et al. 1969, Réblová et al. 2016, Tainosphaeria and Zanclospora (Hughes and Kendrick 1965b). Other Chaetosphaeria that form natural units, characterised primarily by the morphological traits of their anamorphs, will form the basis of generic classification in the family and, thus, need to be re-examined based on phylogenetic studies. ...
The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including Chaetosphaeria, the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of Chaetosphaeria is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among Chaetosphaeria species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis, the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar Chaetosphaeria with craspedodidymum-and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the Chaetosphaeriaceae containing 16 species. The generic name Paragaeumannomyces is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e. P. abietinus sp. nov., P. elegans sp. nov., P. granulatus sp. nov., P. sabinianus sp. nov. and P. smokiensis sp. nov., are proposed. A key to Paragaeumannomyces is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats, Codinaea paniculata sp. nov. and Striatosphaeria castanea sp. nov., are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of S. castanea forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of Striatosphaeria. A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to Dendrophoma cytisporoides, a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of Dendrophoma, for the first time.
... Conidiogenous cells discrete, annellidic with 2 annellations, (3.5-11.5 9 1.5-3 lm), hyaline, thinand smooth-walled. Conidia fusiform, straight or slightly curved, concolourous, smooth, bearing apical appendage, and basal appendage absent; 3-septate (13-19 9 3.5-5), bearing: [basal cell obconic to conic, hyaline to subhyaline, b Fig. 120 Ellisembia aurea (CBS 144403, ex-holotype Réblová andWinka (2000, 2001), Réblová (2004), Réblová and Seifert (2008) smooth and thin-walled, 2-4 lm long; two median cells doliiform, 8.5-12.5 lm long, smooth, concolourous, brown, septa darker than the rest of the cell (second cell from base brown, 3.5-5.5 lm long; third cell brown, 4.5-7 lm long); apical cell 2-3.5 lm long, hyaline to subhyaline, subconical to hemispherical, thin-and smoothwalled; with 1 tubular apical appendage, arising from the apical crest, not centric, unbranched, filiform, 2-6.5 lm basal appendage absent], or 4-septate (15.5-21 9 4-5), bearing: [basal cell obconic to conic, hyaline to subhyaline, smooth and thin-walled, 2-5 lm long; three median cells doliiform, 10-13 lm long, smooth, concolourous, brown, septa darker than the rest of the cell (second cell from base brown, 4-6 lm long; third cell brown, 2.5-4 lm long; fourth cell brown, 2.5-4.5 lm long); apical cell 2.5-3.5 lm long, hyaline to subhyaline, subconical to hemisphaerical, thin-and smooth-walled; with 1 tubular apical appendage, arising from the apical crest, not centric, unbranched, filiform, 2.5-7.5 lm long; basal appendage absent. Sexual morph Undetermined. ...
This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes, where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla, ten classes, 30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include one new family (viz. Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, Paramassaria and Trochilispora) and 71 new species, (viz. Acrogenospora thailandica, Amniculicola aquatica, A. guttulata, Angustimassarina sylvatica, Blackwellomyces lateris, Boubovia gelatinosa, Buellia viridula, Caatingomyces brasiliensis, Calophoma humuli, Camarosporidiella mori, Canalisporium dehongense, Cantharellus brunneopallidus, C. griseotinctus, Castanediella meliponae, Coprinopsis psammophila, Cordyceps succavus, Cortinarius minusculus, C. subscotoides, Diaporthe italiana, D. rumicicola, Diatrypella delonicis, Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis, D. taiwanense, Digitodesmium chiangmaiense, Distoseptispora dehongensis, D. palmarum, Dothiorella styphnolobii, Ellisembia aurea, Falciformispora aquatic, Fomitiporia carpinea, F. lagerstroemiae, Grammothele aurantiaca, G. micropora, Hermatomyces bauhiniae, Jahnula queenslandica, Kamalomyces mangrovei, Lecidella yunnanensis, Micarea squamulosa, Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae, Neoacladium indicum, Neodidymelliopsis sambuci, Neosetophoma miscanthi, N. salicis, Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae, N. thalictri, Paramassaria samaneae, Penicillium circulare, P. geumsanense, P. mali-pumilae, P. psychrotrophicum, P. wandoense, Phaeoisaria siamensis, Phaeopoacea asparagicola, Phaeosphaeria penniseti, Plectocarpon galapagoense, Porina sorediata, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis, Rhizophydium koreanum, Russula prasina, Sporoschisma chiangraiense, Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae, S. cocksii, S. papei, S. tschirnhausii, S. vikhrevii, Thysanorea uniseptata, Torula breviconidiophora, T. polyseptata, Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae). Further, twelve new combinations (viz. Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema, Prolixandromyces australi, P. elongatus, P. falcatus, P. longispinae, P. microveliae, P. neoalardi, P. polhemorum, P. protuberans, P. pseudoveliae, P. tenuistipitis and P. umbonatus), an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae, a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated. Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported (i.e. Acrostalagmus annulatus, Cantharellus goossensiae, Coprinopsis villosa, Dothiorella plurivora, Dothiorella rhamni, Dothiorella symphoricarposicola, Dictyocheirospora rotunda, Fasciatispora arengae, Grammothele brasiliensis, Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, Lembosia xyliae, Morenoina palmicola, Murispora cicognanii, Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii, Neolinocarpon rachidis, Nothophoma quercina, Peroneutypa scoparia, Pestalotiopsis aggestorum, Pilidium concavum, Plagiostoma salicellum, Protofenestella ulmi, Sarocladium kiliense, Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).
... Members of Chaetosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriales) are morphologically similar to Pleurothecium, Pleurotheciella and Sterigmatobotrys of the Pleurotheciales, especially species with Menispora asexual morphs, e.g. C. ciliata, C. ovoidea, C. pulviscula or C. tortuosa (Holubová-Jechová 1973, Réblová & Seifert 2008. They possess brown, upright, papillate ascomata, fusiform, 3-septate, hyaline ascospores in cylindrical-clavate asci with distinct apical annulus and their phialidic asexual morphs are often absent on the host. ...
Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales. One clade formed by five species of Conioscypha, and a second clade containing several genera of uncertain taxonomic status centred on Pleurothecium, represent two distinct taxonomic groups at the ordinal systematic rank. They are proposed as new orders, the Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales. Several taxonomic novelties are introduced in the Pleurotheciales, i.e. two new genera (Adelosphaeria and Melanotrigonum), three novel species (A. catenata, M. ovale, Phaeoisaria fasciculata) and a new combination (Pleurotheciella uniseptata). A new combination is proposed for Savoryella limnetica in Ascotaiwania s. str. based on molecular data and culture characters. A strongly supported lineage containing a new genus Plagiascoma, species of Bactrodesmiastrum and Ascotaiwania persoonii, was identified as a sister to the Conioscyphales/Pleurotheciales/ Savoryellales clade in our multilocus phylogeny. Together, they are nested in a monophyly in the Hypocreomycetidae, significantly supported by Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses. Members of this clade share a few morphological characters, such as the absence of stromatic tissue or clypeus, similar anatomies of the two-layered ascomatal walls, thin-walled unitunicate asci with a distinct, non-amyloid apical annulus, symmetrical, transversely septate ascospores and holoblastic conidiogenesis. They represent the only fungi in the Hypocreomycetidae with apically free, filiform to cylindrical, persistent or partially disintegrating paraphyses. The systematic placement of two other dematiaceous hyphomycetes was resolved based on DNA sequences; Phragmocephala stemphylioides is a member of the Pleurotheciales and Triadelphia uniseptata is within the Savoryellales.
... Based on preliminary studies, Menisporopsis was included in a clade within Chaetosphaeriaceae, which also includes representatives of the genera Codinaea Maire, Codinaeopsis Morgan-Jones, Dictyochaetopsis Aramb. & Cabello, Menispora Pers., and Thozetella Kuntze (Réblová et al. 2006;Réblová & Seifert 2008). We find it interesting that all of those genera possess phialidic conidiogenous cells and allantoid to falcate conidia with terminal setulae. ...
The genus Menisporopsis S. Hughes is characterized by synnematous conidiomata around a central seta, phialidic conidiogenous cells and falcate to lunate 0-to 1-septate conidia with terminal setulae. Currently, nine species are included in the genus. In the course of investigating conidial fungi associated with decaying plant material in the semi--arid region of Brazil, we identified five Menisporopsis species: M. kobensis Matsush.; M. novae-zelandiae S. Hughes & Kendr.; M. pirozynskii Varghese & Rao; M. profusa Piroz. & Hodges; and M. theobromae S. Hughes. Ours represents only the second record of M. kobensis for the world. We present descriptions, comments, geographic distributions and illustrations for all five species, as well as a key to the recognized species.
... The advantage is that the binomial of the anamorph remains available in case it is desired. This approach was, e.g., applied on two newly discovered Chaetosphaeria teleomorphs associated with the anamorphic genusRéblová & al., 2006; Réblová & Seifert, 2008) and on many teleomorphs of Trichoderma discovered in recent years. ...
Article 59.7 of the ICBN (Vienna Code) allows the epitypification of a name of a fungus, known until then only as an anamorph, with teleomorphic material in order to avoid introducing an additional name. Redhead suggested calling this procedure teleotypification. We demonstrate that it is not desirable to apply teleotypification to newly discovered teleomorphs of fungi for which a suitable teleomorph genus is available. Describing a newly found anamorphic fungus under a teleomorph-typified generic name may be defended, provided generic homogeneity is proven with molecular methods and no suitable anamorph genus is available. Alternative proposals will be submitted to either return to the previous situation without teleotypification or to restrict teleotypification explicitly to cases where the original genus is monotypic or at least clearly monophyletic, and no suitable teleomorph genus is available.
Freshwater fungi are an integral part of freshwater ecosystems. They promote the carbon cycle of the ecosystem by decomposing wood substrates. Menisporopsis is a fungal genus of Chaetosphaeriales in Sordariomycetes, which has been commonly collected from aquatic and marine environments. Most species of this genus are saprophytes.
Here, a new freshwater hyphomycetous fungus, Menisporopsis aquatica , reported from submerged rotten wood samples collected in a stream in Zhejiang Province, south-eastern China. The new species is characterised by hyaline conidia appendiculate with 1-2 setulae at each end and synnematous conidiophores growing closely around a black central seta. Molecular phylogeny of Menisporopsis was studied using a combined two-loci dataset, including the internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit gene sequences (nrLSU). The new species is illustrated and a synopsis of the Menisporopsis species is presented in this paper.
Chaetosphaeriaceae is one of the largest families in Sordariomycetes with its members commonly found on decaying leaf, fruit, branch, bark and wood in both terrestrial and submerged environment in nature. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae in China, which is based on a systematic study with an integrated approach of morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for a large collection (> 1300 herbarium specimens and 1100 living strains). The family Chaetosphaeriaceae is expanded to accommodate 89 accepted genera, including 22 new genera and 10 newly assigned genera. Most of these genera (except for Chaetosphaeria and several other relatively large genera) are delimitated as monophyletic genera with well-defined diagnostic characters in morphology. The phylogenetic connection of non-phialidic Sporidesmium -like fungi is further confirmed and expanded to 10 different genera. The polyphyletic Codinaea / Dictyochaeta/Tainosphaeria complex is further resolved with a taxonomic framework of 28 monophyletic genera by redelimitation of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta with narrower concept, acceptance of the 16 established genera, and finally introduction of 10 new genera. Chloridium is phylogenetically redefined as monophyletic genus with narrower concept as typified by the type species, but a systematic review in both generic and species level is still needed. For biodiversity of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi, a total of 369 species in 76 genera, including 119 new species, 47 new combinations, and one new name, are documented. The identification keys are provided for most genera, especially the large genera such as Codinaea s. str., Codinaeella , Stilbochaeta , Cryptophiale , Thozetella , Dinemasporium and Pseudolachnella . In addition, ten known species were excluded from the family and reclassified. Systematic revision of several relatively large polyphyletic genera should be conducted in future studies, including Bahusutrabeeja , Ellisembia , Stanjehughesia , Cacumisporium , Chaetosphaeria , Chloridium , Craspedodidymum , Cryptophiale , Cryptophialoidea , Dictyochaetopsis , Minimidochium , and many published species of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta .
