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Brunneiapiospora brasiliensis (from holotype). 1. Appearance of ascomata on the host surface. 2-3. Section of ascoma. 4. Section of ascoma with periphyses. 5. Peridium. 6. Paraphyses and ascus. 7-9. Asci. 10. Ascus apex with a J + subapical ring. 11-17. Ascospores. (scale bars: 2-3 = 100 µm, 4 = 2 µm, 5-9, 11-17 = 10 µm, 10 = 4 µm).
Source publication
Brunneiapiospora brasiliensis sp. nov. from Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) found in Pernambuco State, Brazil, is introduced in this paper. It differs from other congeneric species mainly by its ascospore size and shape. The new species is described, illustrated, and compared
with similar species.
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Citations
Objective: The present work aimed to describe, comment, and illustrate two new lichenized species of Ascomycota. Method: Morphological analyses of the samples were performed at the Laboratory in the State University of Bahia (UNEB), Campus VIII. The lichen thalli were observed using a stereomicroscope (Zeiss); chemical treatments were performed to observe the microscopic structures of the lichens after exposure to 10% KOH (potassium hydroxide), lactophenol (cotton blue), Melzer’s reagent, chlorine, and viewed under UV light. The chemical compositions of the lichen were examined using thin layer chromatography (TLC) at the Biochemical Laboratory of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Results and conclusion: Stirtonia juaensis and Cryptothecia paramacrocephala are two new lichenized species of Ascomycota found colonizing the plants Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Umbuzeiro) and Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. (Quipembe) in the Caatinga phytogeographical domain near the village of Juá in the municipality of Paulo Afonso, within the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion in northern Bahia State, Brazil. Originality/value: Research related to lichen taxonomy in Brazil is still scarce, especially in the Caatinga. The new species of Stirtonia and Cryptothecia described and illustrated in this work expand the knowledge about fungi in Brazil.
Over the past three decades, a wealth of studies has shown that palm trees (Arecaceae) are a diverse habitat with intense fungal colonisation, making them an important substratum to explore fungal diversity. Palm trees are perennial, monocotyledonous plants mainly restricted to the tropics that include economically important crops and highly valued ornamental plants worldwide. The extensive research conducted in Southeast Asia and Australasia indicates that palm fungi are undoubtedly a taxonomically diverse assemblage from which a remarkable number of new species is continuously being reported. Despite this wealth of data, no recent comprehensive review on palm fungi exists to date. In this regard, we present here a historical account and discussion of the research on the palm fungi to reflect on their importance as a diverse and understudied assemblage. The taxonomic structure of palm fungi is also outlined, along with comments on the need for further studies to place them within modern DNA sequence-based classifications. Palm trees can be considered model plants for studying fungal biodiversity and, therefore, the key role of palm fungi in biodiversity surveys is discussed. The close association and intrinsic relationship between palm hosts and palm fungi, coupled with a high fungal diversity, suggest that the diversity of palm fungi is still far from being fully understood. The figures suggested in the literature for the diversity of palm fungi have been revisited and updated here. As a result, it is estimated that there are about 76,000 species of palm fungi worldwide, of which more than 2500 are currently known. This review emphasises that research on palm fungi may provide answers to a number of current fungal biodiversity challenges.
Há uma grande necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento sobre a micobiota associada à flora da Caatinga. Dentre as espécies vegetais que ocorrem naturalmente no bioma, Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc., popularmente conhecido como licurizeiro, é considerado uma das principais palmeiras da região semiárida brasileira. Diante disso, buscando identificar os fungos ascomicetos que se desenvolvem em suas folhas, realizamos duas expedições, uma em agosto de 2017 e outra em abril de 2018, à Estação Ecológica Raso da Catarina, para coleta de folhas em diferentes graus de senescência. O material foi encaminhado ao laboratório de Micologia da UNEB para tratamento, análise morfológica e identificação com base em literatura pertinente. Registramos a presença de treze espécies de fungos crescendo nas estruturas foliares da palmeira, das quais sete eram mitospóricas e seis meiospóricas, de acordo com o modo reprodutivo. Dentre os indivíduos meiospóricos, haviam formas liquenizadas e não liquenizadas. Em relação ao tipo de substrato foliar colonizado, as espécies mitospóricas foram encontradas apenas nos folíolos, enquanto as meiospóricas estiveram presentes em todas as porções foliares. Além disso, a maioria dos indivíduos foi encontrados como sapróbios, mas indivíduos fitopatógenos e mutualistas também foram identificados. Os fungos Hendersonula australis Speg. e Graphis librata C. Knight, tiveram seus primeiros registros no Brasil e na Bahia, respectivamente. Além disso, S. coronata se apresentou como novo substrato botânico para seis ascomicetos. Os resultados do presente estudo colaboram com a ampliação dos dados de distribuição dos Ascomycota. Também levantam uma discussão sobre possíveis fatores que influenciam o estabelecimento das comunidades fúngicas nas diferentes porções foliares do licurizeiro e aumentam a compreensão sobre a importância ecológica dessa palmeira para a biodiversidade do semiárido brasileiro.
ABSTRACT—Studies on the mycobiota associated with the plants of family Arecaceae are scarce in Brazil, especially in semiarid
ecosystems within the Caatinga domain, which comprises unique biodiversity. During field expeditions to the Raso da Catarina
Ecological Station, we found six new records of Chaetomium and Chaetomium-like species for the Caatinga domain in the State
of Bahia. These fungi were colonizing vegetative and reproductive structures of Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc., a palm tree
endemic to the Caatinga and particularly important for animals and people from this region. We present morphological
descriptions, illustrations, comments, and distribution maps for the fungal species associated with S. coronata.
As palmeiras além da beleza e da importância para o meio ambiente contribuem com impacto social, cultural, nutricional e econômico. Euterpe oleracea (açaí) e Elaeis guineensis (dendê) são palmeiras de importância econômica e neste trabalho constituem novos hospedeiros botânicos para onze novos registros de microfungos (Ascomycota): Anthostonella ludoviciana A. nitidissima, Calonectria sp., Capsulospora aff. calamicola, C. frondicola, Gloniopsis praelonga, Nemania sp., Oxydothis manokwariensis, O. mauritiae,
Seynesia nobilis e Thaxteriella cf. pezizula. Os fungos A. nitidissima, Capsulospora aff. calamicola, C. frondicola, O. manokwariensis e O. mauritiae são registrados pela primeira vez para o Brasil e A. ludoviciana pela primeira vez no estado da Bahia.
Este artigo objetivou identificar os microfungos do filo Ascomycota que colonizam Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc., palmeira conhecida popularmente como ouricuri ou licuri, coletadas na Chácara dos Padres, Água Branca, estado de Alagoas, a fim de contribuir na ampliação do conhecimento sobre fungos em Arecacaeae no Brasil. Para tanto, foram feitas expedições no período de fevereiro a abril/2013. Vinte pés de licuri foram georeferenciados aleatoriamente dentro da área de estudo e, para o levantamento da micota, foram coletadas serrapilheira de licuri e fragmentos do caule, inflorescência, folhas, brácteas, raque, pecíolo e frutos inteiros com sinais de estruturas reprodutivas de fungos. No laboratório de Ciências da UNEB-Campus VIII todo o material foi processado. Foram identificados sete táxons de Ascomycota: Anthostomella aff. sabiniana S.M. Fancis, Camarotella torrendiella (Batista) Bezerra & Vitória, Caryospora aff. longloisii Ellis & Evarhart, Glonium sp., Gloniopsis praelonga (Schwein.) Underw. & Earle, Bull., Leptosphaeriae sp. e Phomopsis sp.. Os fungos estudados compreendem cinco novos registros: um para o Brasil e quatro para o estado de Alagoas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa pioneira para a região e relevante para a ciência. Assim, os dados desse trabalho ampliam os conhecimentos dos microfungos em palmeiras no semiárido nordestino e os mesmos poderão ser incorporados ao banco de dados da EMBRAPA, speciesLink e a Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil.
The Raso da Catarina Ecological Station (ESEC) is a conservation unit of integral protection located in the Caatinga biome, Northeastern Brazil, Bahia, between the cities of Paulo Afonso, Rodelas, and Jeremoabo. Among the botanical species of great relevance in the ESEC region stands out the palm Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. (licuri). Currently, there is little information about the mycota that colonizes this host. Thus, this study analyzes the taxonomy of fungi occurring in S. coronata at ESEC Raso da Catarina. For that purpose, we conducted eight excursions between May 2014 and January 2015, in which we randomly demarcated and georeferenced 25 S. coronata plants. For the survey of the Ascomycota, we collected leaves, bracts, inflorescences, fruits, stem pieces and litter. We morphologically identified twenty-six taxa. Following an extensive literature research, we present dichotomous keys for genera, distribution data, and a checklist of fungi species, of which four are lichenized and 22 non-lichenized (nine anamorph/asexual and 13 teleomorph/sexual). These species belong to 26 genera and 18 families. We report Syagrus coronata in this study as a new botanical host for 22 fungi species.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, also known as Bay Islands, stretching over 800 km in Bay of Bengal and comprising 572 islands have rich flora and fauna. The biodiversity of filamentous saprophytic ascomycetous fungi colonizing woody plant litter is being investigated. Examination of the dead and decaying twig samples of different tree plant species fallen on the forest floor in South, Middle and North Andaman Islands resulted in 12 new fungal species, which are described and illustrated in this paper. These include Botryobambusa appendiculispora sp. nov., Brunneiapiospora appendiculata sp. nov., Cilioplea macrospora sp. nov., Cryptascoma shodasabeejae sp. nov., Diatrypella macroasca sp. nov., Leptosphaeria sadvibhajanabeejae sp. nov., Leptosphaeria verruculosa sp. nov., Montagnula vakrabeejae sp. nov., Ostreichnion beejakoshae sp. nov., Rizalia falcata sp. nov., Rosellinia attenuata sp. nov. and Rosellinia tetraspora sp. nov. These new fungal species belong to ten genera, ten families, six orders and two classes. Among these six are unitunicate ascomycetous fungi while the other six are bitunicate fungi.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, also known as Bay Islands, stretching over 800 km in Bay of Bengal and comprising 572 islands have rich flora and fauna. The biodiversity of filamentous saprophytic ascomycetous fungi colonizing woody plant litter is being investigated. Examination of the dead and decaying twig samples of different tree plant species fallen on the forest floor in South, Middle and North Andaman Islands resulted in 12 new fungal species, which are described and illustrated in this paper. These include Botryobambusa appendiculispora sp. nov., Brunneiapiospora appendiculata sp. nov., Cilioplea macrospora sp. nov., Cryptascoma shodasabeejae sp. nov., Diatrypella macroasca sp. nov., Leptosphaeria sadvibhajanabeejae sp. nov., Leptosphaeria verruculosa sp. nov., Montagnula vakrabeejae sp. nov., Ostreichnion beejakoshae sp. nov., Rizalia falcata sp. nov., Rosellinia attenuata sp. nov. and Rosellinia tetraspora sp. nov. These new fungal species belong to ten genera, ten families, six orders and two classes. Among these six are unitunicate ascomycetous fungi while the other six are bitunicate fungi.
