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Pseudobotrytis terrestris. 11–13 Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. Notes umbel of polyblastic conidiogenous cells with denticles. 14–16 Conidia. Bars 11–16 20 µm
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This article describes two new anamorphic fungi from freshwater habitats, Dictyosporium tetrasporum sp. nov. and Exserticlava yunnanensis sp. nov., based on morphological characters. Both species are illustrated with light micrographs and compared with similar
taxa. Pseudofuscophialis lignicola and Pseudobotrytis terrestris are reported as new reco...
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... Species with similar morphological characters are difficult to identify without molecular data. Previously, identification was mostly carried out based on morphology and only a few asexual taxa have been subjected to phylogenetic studies (Goh and Hyde, 1996;Cai et al., 2002;Cai and Hyde, 2007). With more molecular data becoming available for phylogenetic analyses, numerous new combinations have been proposed to accommodate poorly documented hyphomycetous species (Lu et al., 2018;Yang et al., 2018a,b). ...
During our ongoing surveys of fungi on submerged wood in the Greater Mekong Subregion, we collected two new species similar to Bactrodesmium longisporum. Pseudobactrodesmium gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the new species, P. aquaticum, P. chiangmaiensis and B. longisporum is transferred to this genus. Fasciculate conidiophores, enteroblastic conidiogenous cells and subulate to fusiform, phragmoseptate conidia with a tapering apical cell and sheath characterize the genus. Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum has longer conidia than P. chiangmaiensis. The placement of Pseudobactrodesmium in Dactylosporaceae (Eurotiomycetes) is a novel finding based on analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data. Our study reveals that Pseudobactrodesmium is likely to be a speciose genus with different species in streams around the world.
... Exserticlava S. Hughes is characterized by distoseptate conidia and a hyaline apical swelling of the conidiogenous cell formed by the inner wall disrupting a pigmented outer wall (Hughes 1978). Tsui & al. (2001) reviewed the morphology of the genus and provided a key to five species; subsequently two more species were described: E. yunnanensis and E. manglietiae (Cai & Hyde 2007, Ren & al. 2012. Exserticlava is associated with the perithecial genus Chaetosphaeria Tul. ...
A new species, Exserticlava aquatica, collected on submerged decaying twigs in Pará State in the Brazilian Amazon, is described and illustrated. The microfungus is characterized by monoblastic conidiogenesis with repeated percurrent conidiophore extensions and conidiogenous cells with a slightly swollen apex that does not protrude beyond the ruptured outer wall.
... Dictyosporium pandani is similar to D. schizostachyifolium Bat. & M.L. Farr and D. tetrasporum L. Cai & K.D. Hyde, differing from them in relation to the width of conidia that are larger (Goh et al. 1999, Cai & Hyde 2007. Dictyosporium nigroapice Goh, W.H. Ho & K.D. Hyde and D. tetraseriale Goh, yanna & K.D. Hyde are also comparable, but present hyaline appendages, in addition to darker pigmentation at the apex of the conidia of D. nigroapice (Goh et al. 1999). ...
A new species and new records of asexual ascomycetes from Brazil were documented during field trips in the National Forest of Amapá, Amapá State, in the Amazon Forest biome. Bhatia laevispora sp. nov., collected on decaying leaflets of Astrocaryum murumuru (Arecaceae), is described and illustrated. It differs from the type species by monoblastic conidiogenous cells with percurrent extensions and bigger, smooth conidia with brown to dark brown apical cells, paler central cells and pale brown to subhyaline basal cell. Cirrenalia donnae is a new record for the Neotropical region, and Balaniopsis kirkii and Dictyosporium pandani are new records for the American continent. Taxonomic information including descriptions, geographical distribution, comments and illustrations are provided. The genera Balaniopsis, Bhatia and Cirrenalia constitute new additions to the Brazilian mycobiota. This work expands the geographic range of these species to Brazil
... Subsequently 30 other species were described byArambarri et al. (2001), Cai et al.*Corresponding author: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br eschweizerbart_xxx (2003a, b),Photita et al. (2002), Zhao & Zhang (2003), Kodsueb et al. (2006,Cai & Hyde (2007), Manoharachary et al. (2007), McKenzie (2008, 2010),Crous et al. (2009Crous et al. ( , 2011),Wongsawas et al. (2009), Zhang (2009), Hu et al. (2010), Whitton et al. (2012), Kirschner et al. (2013), Liu et al. (2015,Prasher & Verma (2015),Silva et al. (2015), Silva et al. (2016The genus Helminthosporium Link typified by H. velutinum Link: Fr., comprised 740 names (Index Fungorum 2016, <www.indexfungorum.org>), however, most of them have been transferred to other genera (Tanaka et al. 2015). ...
Dictyosporium splendidum sp. nov. and Helminthosporium varium sp. nov., both found on decaying leaves of unidentified plants are described and illustrated. D. splendidum is characterized by conidia composed of two or three parallel rows of cell, tightly arranged in 3-planes or complanate, with a cylindrical or irregular, hyaline mucous appendage at each apical cell. H. varium is distinguished by its blastocatenate, long obclavate, subcylindrical, oblong or navicular, 1–4-septate, spacing verrucose or verruculose, gray-brown or brown conidia.
... Dictyosporium has a worldwide distribution, and species are found on both herbaceous and woody substrates (Goh et al. 1999, Zhao et al. 2009, McKenzie 2010, Prasher & Kumar 2015. Up to now, twenty-seven Dictyosporium species have been reported in China (Tzean & Chen 1989, Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 1997, Goh et al. 1999, Cai et al. 2002, Ho et al. 2002, Cai et al. 2003, Zhao & Zhang 2003, Luo et al. 2004, Cai & Hyde 2007, Wongsawas et al. 2009, Wu et al. 2009, Zhang 2009, Hu et al. 2010, Whitton et al. 2012. The conidia of Dictyosporium wuyiense are morphologically similar to those of D. araucariae, D. rhopalostylidis, and D. elegans, and most have conidia with five rows of cells. ...
Dictyosporium wuyiense, a new anamorphic fungus collected on a dead branch of bamboo in Tongmugou, Wuyi Mountain, China, is described and illustrated. It is characterised by being cheiroid, septate, complanate, and yellow, with two types of conidia composed mostly of five parallel compact rows of cells, sometimes with variable hyaline apical vesical appendages. Type 1 conidia are longer and the three central rows are protruding with swollen apical cells; type 2 conidia are wider and fan-shaped, with rows of apical cells approximately the same length. The conidial morphology on potato dextrose agar plates was variable, most with 2–3 vesical appendages. In phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA, Dictyosporium wuyiense clustered with most Dictyosporium species in Dictyosporiaceae, but was a distinct species. Both morphological and molecular evidence support its description as a new species. A brief review of Dictyosporium and allied species is provided.
... Studies of lignicolous aquatic hyphomycetes in China and elsewhere in the world have re-defined poorly studied genera of fungi. Many novel fungal taxa have been introduced from aquatic habitats (Belliveau & Bärlocher 2005, Pascoal et al. 2005, Cai et al. 2007, Shearer et al. 2007. Testing the polyphyletic nature of asexual fungi found in aquatic ecosystems and incorporating them in a natural classification is important to resolve taxonomic and nomenclatural issues of little known genera (Campbell et al. 2006, Jones et al. 2008, Seena et al. 2010. ...
... We have compiled and documented numerous hyphomycetes from aquatic habitats from Yunnan Province in recent parallel studies (Cai et al. 2007. We have collected and studied several genera in Dothideomycetes (e.g. ...
Helminthosporium species from submerged wood in streams in Yunnan Province, China were studied based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Descriptions and illustrations of Helminthosporium velutinum and a new species H. aquaticum are provided. A combined phylogenetic tree, based on SSU, ITS and LSU sequence data, place the species in Massarinaceae, Pleosporales. The polyphyletic nature of Helminthosporium species within Massarinaceae is shown based on ITS sequence data available in GenBank.
... Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, cylindrical, discrete determinate. Conidia solitary, digitate, complanate, 20–30 × 12.5–15 µm, smooth, brown, composed of four rows of cells compacted together, parallel, 5–7-septate, slightly constricted at septa, smooth, brown, all with a globose, mucilaginous, hyaline apical appendage, 10–17.5 µm wideTable 1, Figs 2–4; data were obtained and conidial drawings adapted fromArambarri et al. 2001, Cai & Hyde 2007, Cai et al. 2003aCastañeda-Ruiz et al. 1997;Crous et al. 2009;Crous et al. 2011, Goh et al. 1999Hu et al. 2010, Dictyosporium amoenumsp. nov. ...
Dictyosporium amoenum, a new asexual fungus collected on leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense in the Brazilian semiarid Caatinga region, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished by digitate complanate brown conidia composed of four parallel compact rows of cells, each row with a globose hyaline mucous apical appendage. Conidial illustrations and a table comparing all Dictyosporium species are provided.
... Seventy-three freshwater hyphomycetes are referred to the Pleosporales, with Dictyosporium (22 species) and Sporidesmium (17 species) the most speciose genera in the order Cai and Hyde 2007;Cai et al. 2008;Wongsawas et al. 2009a;Hu et al. 2010). The genera Dictyosporium and Sporidesmium, together with Cheirosporium, Cheiromyces, Cheiromycina, Digitomyces, Digitodesmium and Pseudodictyosporium, producing pigmented cheiroid or digitate conidia, are called "cheirosporous hyphomycetes" (Cai et al. 2008;Kirschner et al. 2013). ...
... The genera Dictyosporium and Sporidesmium, together with Cheirosporium, Cheiromyces, Cheiromycina, Digitomyces, Digitodesmium and Pseudodictyosporium, producing pigmented cheiroid or digitate conidia, are called "cheirosporous hyphomycetes" (Cai et al. 2008;Kirschner et al. 2013). Cheirosporous hyphomycetes are commonly reported on submerged wood in various freshwater habitats (Cai et al. , 2008Cai and Hyde 2007;Wongsawas et al. 2009a;Hu et al. 2010). Molecular analyses indicate that this peculiar conidial morphology might be of some phylogenetic significance, hitherto confined mainly to a clade within the Pleosporales (Cai et al. 2008;Kirschner et al. 2013). ...
... Even though freshwater ascomycetes have not been investigated in the other 22 provinces/districts (which cover two-thirds of the territory), the total species number of freshwater ascomycetes reported in China was more than that for any other country (Shearer and Raja 2010). (Cai et al. 2003a(Cai et al. , 2003b(Cai et al. , 2004(Cai et al. , 2008Cai and Hyde 2007a;Hu et al. 2007Hu et al. , 2010Wongsawas et al. 2008Wongsawas et al. , 2009). Most of these new taxa were collected on submerged wood, and indicate the high diversity of submerged-aquatic hyphomycetes. ...
Aquatic fungi include those that occur in freshwater, marine, and brackish water habitats. In China, aquatic fungi have been investigated since 1920s. In this paper, we summarized the known data and provided a comprehensive list of aquatic fungi in China. To date, 969 species have been reported in China, including 782 and 213 species from freshwater and marine habitats, respectively, with 26 overlaps. The 782 freshwater species comprise 25 chytridiomycetes, 256 ascomycetes, 416 hyphomycetes, 63 oomycetes, and 22 zygomycetes. The 213 marine species comprise 117 ascomycetes, 48 hyphomycetes, 1 basidiomycete, 5 oomycetes, and 42 yeasts. Although the aquatic fungi in China are still poorly investigated, with most areas of the territory untouched, the number of recorded species is higher than most of the other countries in the world. The investigation of aquatic fungi in China is patchy as most species were reported from the southwest areas. There is little overlapped taxa found on different substrata, which implies that most aquatic fungi may have a substrate preference.
... Phylogenetically, D. strelitziae is closest to D. elegans (conidia 44–80 × 24 – 36 µm; appendages absent) (5 bp difference in the ITS sequence, DQ018087), but it has smaller conidia than the latter species. Furthermore, it also appears distinct from all species not occurring in the key of Cai et al. (2003b) (Arambarri et al. 2001, Cai et al. 2003a, Zhao & Zhang 2003, Kodsueb et al. 2006, Cai & Hyde 2007, McKenzie 2008). ...
The recently generated molecular phylogeny for the kingdom Fungi, on which a new classification scheme is based, still suffers from an under representation of numerous apparently asexual genera of microfungi. In an attempt to populate the Fungal Tree of Life, fresh samples of 10 obscure genera of hyphomycetes were collected. These fungi were subsequently established in culture, and subjected to DNA sequence analysis of the ITS and LSU nrRNA genes to resolve species and generic questions related to these obscure genera. Brycekendrickomyces (Herpotrichiellaceae) is introduced as a new genus similar to, but distinct from Haplographium and Lauriomyces. Chalastospora is shown to be a genus in the Pleosporales, with two new species, C. ellipsoidea and C. obclavata, to which Alternaria malorum is added as an additional taxon under its oldest epithet, C. gossypii. Cyphellophora eugeniae is newly described in Cyphellophora (Herpotrichiellaceae), and distinguished from other taxa in the genus. Dictyosporium is placed in the Pleosporales, with one new species, D. streliziae. The genus Edenia, which was recently introduced for a sterile endophytic fungus isolated in Mexico, is shown to be a hyphomycete (Pleosporales) forming a pyronellea-like synanamorph in culture. Thedgonia is shown not to represent an anamorph of Mycosphaerella, but to belong to the Helotiales. Trochophora, however, clustered basal to the Pseudocercospora complex in the Mycosphaerellaceae, as did Verrucisporota. Vonarxia, a rather forgotten genus of hyphomycetes, is shown to belong to the Herpotrichiellaceae and Xenostigmina is confirmed as synanamorph of Mycopappus, and is shown to be allied to Seifertia in the Pleosporales. Dichotomous keys are provided for species in the various genera treated. Furthermore, several families are shown to be polyphyletic within some orders, especially in the Capnodiales, Chaetothyriales and Pleosporales.
