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Conidia of Dactylaria and Mirandina. Fig. 1. Dactylaria asymmetrica. Fig. 2. D. belliana. Fig. 3. D. biguttulata. Fig. 4. D. cazorlii. Fig. 5. D. ficusicola. Fig. 6. D. filiformis. Fig. 7. D. flammae. Fig. 8. D. hyalotunicata. Fig. 9. D. lakebarrensis. Fig. 10. obclavata. Fig. 11. D. obscuriseptata. Fig. 12. D. palmae. Fig. 13. D. plovercovensis. Fig. 14. D. uliginicola. Fig. 15. Mirandina arnaudii. Bars = 5 µm.
Source publication
K.D. (2003). Two new species of Dactylaria (anamorphic fungi) and an update of species in Dactylaria sensu lato. Fungal Diversity 14: 143-156. The new species Dactylaria belliana and D. ficusicola were isolated from leaf litter of an Australian tropical rainforest. Dactylaria belliana differs from other species within this genus in having narrowly...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... no further species have been published in Diplorhinotrichum, five species have been described in Mirandina and seven taxa, including one variety, in Pleurophragmium since 1985 (Table 2 and Figs. 15-24). Dactylaria Fig. 1. Dactylaria asymmetrica. Fig. 2. D. belliana. Fig. 3. D. biguttulata. Fig. 4. D. cazorlii. Fig. 5. D. ficusicola. Fig. 6. D. filiformis. Fig. 7. D. flammae. Fig. 8. D. hyalotunicata. Fig. 9. D. lakebarrensis. Fig. 10. obclavata. Fig. 11. D. obscuriseptata. Fig. 12. D. palmae. Fig. 13. D. plovercovensis. Fig. 14. D. ...
Context 2
... which arise from apical clusters of usually short-cylindrical denticles or occasionally flat conidiogenous loci. Conidiophores are brownish and usually erect (De Hoog, 1985). Some recent additions to Mirandina do not fit easily within de Hoog's concept. While all have scolecoid conidia, some differ in their conidiophore morphology (Table 2 and Figs. 15-19). For example, M. flagelliformis has hyaline rather than brown conidiophores. In M. flagelliformis and M. taiwanensis Matsush. denticles cluster apically, but they are also found on intercalary cells. Three species, M. fragilis, M. speciosa and M. taiwanensis, appear to be lacking the short-cylindrical denticles or the flat scars, ...
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Citations
... Considering morphological characters, we proposed a new genus Antidactylaria to accommodate the new species A. minifimbriata and the new combination A. ampulliforma. (Goh and Hyde 1997;Paulus et al. 2003;Seifert et al. 2011). However, the rhexolytic conidial secession, observed in Antidactylaria, is absent in Dactylaria. ...
... However, the rhexolytic conidial secession, observed in Antidactylaria, is absent in Dactylaria. Paulus et al. (2003) Tubaki, J. Hattori bot. Lab. ...
The family Microthyriaceae is represented by relatively few mycelial cultures and DNA sequences; as a result, the taxonomy and classification of this group of organisms remain poorly understood. During the investigation of the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, several isolates were collected. These isolates were cultured and sequenced and a BLAST search of its LSU sequences against data in GenBank revealed that the closest related taxa are in the genus Microthyrium . Phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU), revealed that these isolates represent eight new taxa in Microthyriaceae, including two new genera, Antidactylaria gen. nov. and Isthmomyces gen. nov. and six new species, Antidactylaria minifimbriata sp. nov. , Isthmomyces oxysporus sp. nov. , I. dissimilis sp. nov. , I. macrosporus sp. nov. , Triscelophorus anisopterioideus sp. nov. and T. sinensis sp. nov . These new taxa are described, illustrated for their morphologies and compared with similar taxa. In addition, two new combinations are proposed in this family.
... Notes: The genus Dactylaria Sacc., typified with D. purpurella (Sacc.) Sacc., is characterized by unbranched, septate, hyaline or pigmented conidiophores and denticulate, integrated, mostly terminal, sympodially extending conidiogenous cells and cylindrical, fusiform, filiform, ellipsoid, clavate, obclavate, unicellular or septate, hyaline or pale pigmented conidia that are liberated after schizolytic secession [60][61][62]. The rhexolytic conidial secession in Antidactylaria separates it from Dactylaria morphologically as conidiogenous event and an important criterion for generic delimitation, discussed by Paulus et al. [61] and supported by the molecular phylogeny analysis obtained from Antidactylaria minifimbriata. ...
... Sacc., is characterized by unbranched, septate, hyaline or pigmented conidiophores and denticulate, integrated, mostly terminal, sympodially extending conidiogenous cells and cylindrical, fusiform, filiform, ellipsoid, clavate, obclavate, unicellular or septate, hyaline or pale pigmented conidia that are liberated after schizolytic secession [60][61][62]. The rhexolytic conidial secession in Antidactylaria separates it from Dactylaria morphologically as conidiogenous event and an important criterion for generic delimitation, discussed by Paulus et al. [61] and supported by the molecular phylogeny analysis obtained from Antidactylaria minifimbriata. Etymology. ...
The fungal family Microthyriaceae is represented by relatively few mycelial cultures and DNA sequences. As a result, the taxonomy and classification of this group of organisms remain poorly understood. Here, based on DNA sequences at four gene fragments (nuLSU rDNA, nuSSU rDNA, TEF1 and RPB2) in our analyses of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, we identify and report four new genera (Antidactylaria, Isthmomyces, Keqinzhangia, Pseudocoronospora) and thirteen new species (Antidactylaria minifimbriata, Pseudocoronospora hainanensis, Isthmomyces oxysporus, I. dissimilis, I. macrosporus, I. relanceatus, Keqinzhangia aquatica, Triscelophorus anakonajensis, T. anisopterioides, T. guizhouensis, T. mugecuoensis, T. multibrachiatus, T. neoseptatus; new combinations Isthmomyces asymmetrica, I. basitruncata, I. geniculata, I. lanceata, I. minima, I. rotundata) belonging to Microthyriaceae. Our results provided the first molecular evidence of asexual morph of this family and strengthened the phylogenetic placement of the family in class Dothideomycetes. The addition of these new taxa made Microthyriaceae the largest family comprising freshwater asexual genera in Pleosporomycetidae. In addition, we confirmed the monophyly of the genus Triscelophorus, the paraphyly of the genus Isthmolongispora, and revised 6 new combinations in Isthmolongispora. ITS barcoding of 13 species were also provided to help identify aquatic hyphomycetes in the future. Our results suggest that the asexual genera and sexual genera identified so far within this family have completely different ecological niches.
... It is a heterogeneous genus with 172 epithets listed in Index Fungorum (June, 2018). The generic concept of Dactylaria has become confused and was revised several times (Bhatt & Kendrick 1968, Rifai 1968, Schenck et al. 1977, de Hoog 1985, de Hoog & van Oorschot 1985, van Oorschot 1985, Paulus et al. 2003. Dactylaria sensu lato is characterized by hyaline or brown, thin-walled, aseptate to several septate conidia produced on denticles from sympodially developing, erect, hyaline or brown, unbranched or sparingly branched conidiophores (de Hoog 1985, de Hoog & van Oorschot 1985, van Oorschot 1985, Seifert et al. 2011. ...
... Dactylaria chrysosperma (Sacc.) Bhatt & Kendrick is morphologically the most similar species in Dactylaria sensu lato to Pseudodactylaria brevis (Ellis 1976, de Hoog 1985, de Hoog & van Oorschot 1985, van Oorschot 1985, Paulus et al. 2003, Seifert et al. 2011, Crous et al. 2017). Both D. chrysosperma and P. brevis have fusiform, 1-septate, hyaline conidia. ...
A new species, Pseudodactylaria brevis, is described, illustrated and compared with other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like taxa. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analyses. Pseudodactylaria brevis can be distinguished from other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like species by its short hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 1-septate hyaline conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species and confirm the taxonomic status of Pseudodactylariaceae.
... This genus is characterized by simple or rarely branched, hyaline or brown conidiophores with polyblastic, sympodial, denticulate conidiogenous cells, with unicellular to multiseptate, hyaline or brown conidia with schizolytic secession (Seifert et al. 2011). Worldwide, 87 species are currently accepted, distributed in temperate and tropical areas (Goh and Hyde 1997;Paulus et al. 2003;Mycobank 2017). In Brazil, 20 species have been recorded in the Amazon, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, with D. candidula (Höhn.) ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the species of conidial fungi associated with leaf litter of Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae), an endangered red cedar species typical of Amazonian terra-firme forests. Conidial fungi were sampled around C. odorata individuals in three forest areas in the municipality of Belém (Pará State, Brazil). A total of 104 species were identified, with 53 new records for the state of Pará, 46 first records for the Brazilian Amazon, including new records for Brazil (Cordana abramovii), for South America (Acarocybiopsis cubitaensis, Xylocladium claviforme) and for the Americas (Dactylaria biguttulata). A review of species of conidial fungi reported on C. odorata is provided, indicating its distribution in Brazil. For each new record in Brazil, South America and the Americas we present a description, illustrations, geographical distribution and taxonomic comments. © 2018, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. All rights reserved.
... The mycelial growth of fungi was observed daily from the second day to the thirtieth day of incubation. Once the growth of hyphae in the particles was verified, they were transferred to Petri dishes of 60 mm in diameter with corn meal and carrot agar (Castañeda-Ruiz personal communication) added to fragments of sterilized banana leaves (Paulus et al. 2003b). ...
We examined the mycobiota associated with Vismia guianensis leaf litter in three Atlantic Forest remnants of Brazil’s semiarid region. Among the study sites, two remnants were protected forest reserves, whereas the third was influenced by major anthropogenic activities. Eighteen litter samples were collected in wet and dry seasons and were processed by particle filtration technique. A total of 4750 fungal isolates of 142 taxa were identified. Species richness was higher in litter samples collected during wet season. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling multivariate analysis showed differences in the composition of fungal communities among the sampling sites and the seasons. Analysis of similarity showed that the differences were statistically significant (R = 0.85; P = 0.0001). Our findings revealed that spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and human activities had significant impacts on the saprobic fungi of V. guianensis leaf litter.
... The conidia are cylindrical, fusiform to obclavate, unicellular or septate, hyaline, and subhyaline (Kirk 1986). Ten species have been accepted in Mirandina (Castañeda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991, Castañeda-Ruiz et al. 1997, de Hoog 1985, Kirk 1986, Matsushima 1975, 1980, 1987Matsushima & Matsushima 1996, Paulus et al. 2003, Ma et al. 2015. Mirandina uncinata resembles M. flagelliformis Matsush., which differs by its narrowly obclavate hyaline conidia that are flagelliform toward the apex and slightly constricted at the septa (Matsushima 1987, Matsushima & Matsushima 1996. ...
A new species,Mirandina uncinata, collected on submerged leaves of Calophyllum
brasiliense in the Brazilian semiarid region, is described and illustrated. Mirandina uncinata
is characterized by polyblastic, integrated, terminal, sympodially extended conidiogenous
cells and cylindrical-fusiform, uncinate toward the apex, 5–7-septate, pale brown conidia.
... The plates were incubated at room temperature and light. Mycelial growth was observed daily from days 2-30, and after verification of hyphal growth, the particles were transferred to 60-mm diameter Petri dishes filled with culture medium containing corn-meal carrot agar (Castañeda-Ruiz, personal communication) and fragments of sterilized banana leaves (3 cm 2 ) to induce sporulation (Paulus et al., 2003b). ...
We investigated the composition and structure of fungal communities associated with leaf litter generated by Clusia nemorosa and Vismia guianensis that belong to phylogenetically-related botanical families and exist together in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Brazil. Samplings were conducted during wet (June 2011) and dry (January 2013) seasons in Serra da Jibóia. The fungi were isolated using particle filtration and the 1,832 isolates represented 92 taxa. The wet season yielded the largest number of isolates (1,141) and taxa (76) compared with the dry season (641 isolates and 37 taxa). The richness and diversity of fungal species associated with C. nemorosa (64 taxa, Simpson=0.95)were higher compared with those of V.guianensis (59 taxa, Simpson =0.90). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed significant variations in the composition and community structure of fungi isolated from the two plants as a function of seasons. In contrast, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis show that the seasonality was an important influence on the distribution of fungal species. However, the populations of the saprobic fungal communities were dynamic, and several factors may influence such communities in the Atlantic Forest.
... Dactylaria species have also been widely reported from wood submerged in aquatic habitats. Their conidia superficially resemble those of Minimelanolocus Tsui et al. 1997;Paulus et al. 2003). In many cases, hyphomycete with hyaline, thin-walled, 1-several septate conidia, formed on sympodially proliferating, hyaline, brown, erect conidiophores with more or less cylindrical rachids, were classified in Dactylaria (De Hoog 1985;Johnston et al. 2014). ...
We are studying the freshwater lignicolous fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in Asia. In this paper, fresh collections of Minimelanolocus from submerged wood in streams in Yunnan Province, China are characterised based on morphology and molecular phylogeny based on three rDNA regions: 18S (SSU), ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and 28S nuclear rDNA (LSU). The phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and SSU sequence data and a separate analysis of ITS placed the isolates within the family Herpotrichiellaceae, order Chaetothyriales. An updated phylogenetic backbone tree for Chaetothyriales is provided with available ex-type and additional isolates. One of the isolates collected was identified as Minimelanolocus obscurus based on morphology and molecular data. Minimelanolocus aquaticus, M. asiaticus, M. curvatus and M. melanicus are described as new species considering the interspecific ITS variability and morphology. The phylogenetic placement of Minimelanolocus in Chaetothyriales is novel and provides new sequence data for the genus as a distinct lineage in Chaetothyriales. The conidial characters of all the known species in the genus are summarized. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the five species of Minimelanolocus with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.
... Mirandina inaequalis fits the genus Mirandina, which has brown, erect conidiophores, conidiogenous cells with short-cylindrical denticles towards the apex, and conidia that are colorless or nearly so, cylindrical and long but narrow (Paulus et al. 2003). The material studied is similar to M. speciosa, "M. ...
Two new hyphomycetes, Phaeomonilia guangxiensis and Mirandina inaequalis, are described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead branches in Guangxi Province, China. Phaeomonilia guangxiensis is distinguished by its globose unicellular colorless conidia formed by thallic disarticulation of fertile branches on macronematous conidiophores. Mirandina inaequalis differs from other described Mirandina species by its mostly 3-septate cylindrical conidia and conspicuous denticles on the conidiogenous cell.
... The plates were incubated at room temperature with ambient light after the transfer of the particle suspension. The fungal growth was observed daily for 30 days, and once verified that hyphae was present in the particles, they were transferred to Petri dishes containing the culture media cornmeal and carrot agar (CCA) as described by Castañeda-Ruiz (personal communication), together with sterilized fragments of banana leaves (Paulus et al. 2003b). This procedure was performed to induce the reproductive stage of fungi isolated and/or for the characterization of morphotypes (Lacap et al. 2003). ...
The effects of methodology were observed in a community of fungi grown in culture associated with leaf litter of Clusia nemorosa, collected in the state of Bahia, northeast of Brazil. We examined the effects of variables as storage time (fresh leaf litter, 07, 14, 21 and 28 days) and temperature (room temperature and 4°C), and culture media (MYE and DRBC) on the diversity of fungi. Protocol of particle filtration was used to achieve the isolation of fungi. A total of 1.113 strains belonging to 67 taxa were isolated. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that richness and the number of isolates decreased significantly with storage time, but did not vary in relation to culture media. The differences between the communities related to the storage temperatures were not significant based on the t–test. The diversity analysis indicated that storage samples up to 14 days showed no significant differences in the communities when compared to fresh litter. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) shows a tendency of separation between the communities observed in the different temperatures and between the initial storage times and late. The results indicate that in the storage of leaves for up to 14 days no significant changes in the community were observed, however in longer storage periods there was a notable loss in both richness and quantity of fungi.
