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... The drought also increased incidences of uncontrolled fire caused by local village activities such Source : Mahmud (2009 as the use of fire to clear pathways to be used as short-cuts during the dry season which increases risks of fire spreading and burning swamp forests. Campfires that are not properly extinguished by migrating communities seeking out smalls pools and shallow channels concentrated with fish during the dry seasons have also been cited as causes of fire (Dennis et al., 2000). ...
... Extensive burning in West Kalimantan in 1997 probably for land clearing in oil palm and timber plantations (Potter and Lee 1999) in peat areas and from livelihood activities in the Danau Sentarum area (Dennis et al. 2000) contributed to smoke haze pollution in West Kalimantan and Sarawak. In January-April 1998, fires in the Central Mahakam Lakes area, which seems to be linked to livelihood activities , as well as large scale fires in other parts of East Kalimantan, contributed to smoke haze pollution in the province. ...
This study is part of a multi-site study undertaken in the late 1990s, examining the impacts of the fires in Borneo (this case) and Sumatra, Indonesia. It uses both ethnographic and remote sensing data to discuss what happened.
CIFOR Occasional Paper adalah seri publikasi hasil-hasil riset yang memiliki relevansi penting dengan kehutanan di kawasan tropis. Isi masing-masing seri telah dikaji oleh pakar di dalam dan luar CIFOR. Untuk mendapatkan versi elektroniknya telah tersedia pada situs www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/papers. Silakan menghubungi cifor@cgiar.org untuk mendapatkan seri publikasi ini. (CIFOR) didirikan pada tahun 1993 sebagai bagian dari sistem CGIAR, sebagai tanggapan atas keprihatinan dunia akan konsekuensi sosial, lingkungan dan ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan dan kehilangan hutan. Penelitian CIFOR menghasilkan pengetahuan dan berbagai metode yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang hidupnya mengandalkan hutan, dan untuk membantu negara-negara di kawasan tropis dalam mengelola hutannya secara bijaksana demi manfaat yang berkelanjutan. Berbagai penelitian ini dilakukan di lebih dari 24 negara, melalui kerja sama dengan banyak mitra. Sejak didirikan, CIFOR telah memberikan dampak positif dalam penyusunan kebijakan kehutanan nasional dan global.
Fires have attracted interest and generated alarm since the early 1980s. This concern has been particularly evident in tropical forests of Southeast Asia and the Amazon, but disastrous fires in recent summers in Australia, Europe, and the United States have drawn worldwide attention.
Concern about forest fires, and related air pollution and biodiversity impacts, led international organisations and northern countries – such as the Asian Development Bank, the European Union, the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank, and the government of Germany – to undertake fire assessments and provide technical assistance. Nongovernmental organisations, such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and World Wide Fund for Nature, have also devoted increased attention to fires. Aiming at prevention of future fires, 40 fire projects and missions costing well over US$30 million have worked in Indonesia over the last 20 years. Despite the money and effort spent on them, fires continue to burn every year. It may appear to some that efforts to address the ‘fire problem’ have not been effective as fires still occur.
There remains a lack of clarity about ‘fire problems’, which has, at times, led to the adoption of policies that may have negative impacts on livelihoods, the environment, and the economy. Two ‘simple’ changes in the way fires are considered would significantly improve fire-related policies and initiatives.
Fires should be seen as a component of land management processes, rather than as a ‘problem’ to be prevented, suppressed, or mitigated.
Not all fires are the same.
These two points are discussed in the context of Southeast Asia, and particularly Indonesia, as an example of the problems and questions faced by tropical countries. We argue that efforts on fires so far have generated increased knowledge of the ’fire problem’; now, we need to capitalize on that knowledge to avoid wasting money in the future.
