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The phylogenetic position of the genus Diarsia and the taxonomic and phylogenetic significance of male and female genital structures of Diarsia species are discussed; certain lock-and-key characters are described. Based on the genital structures, monophyletic species groups and some major biogeographical trends within the genus are outlined. Six ne...
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Citations
... As the costa and the editum have not been separated from each other by the majority of the authors, and the latter has been considered as a ventral region of the former, the terms digitus and costal process have been used in most cases to refer to the distal process of the editum/transtilla (e.g., Hacker 2004;Fibiger & Hacker 2007;Zilli et al. 2005Zilli et al. , 2009Fibiger et al. 2010;Ronkay et al. 2011Ronkay et al. , 2017 while the term ampulla has been correctly used to refer to this process only in cases of weak sclerotisation of the more proximal section of the transtilla (e.g., Sibatani et al. 1954;Fibiger 1997;Varga & Ronkay 2007). ...
... In a number of subsequent publications devoted to Noctuoidea, there has been no consensus and the process of the clasper was called either a harpe (e.g., Lafontaine 1987;Hacker 2004;Kononenko 2010), or ampulla (e.g., Forbes 1954Zilli et al. 2005;Mikkola et al. 2009), or, following Pierce (1909 and Forbes (1939), the whole plate/process complex was called the 'clasper' (e.g., Lafontaine & Poole 1991;Fibiger 1997;Lafontaine 1998). Additionally, in the literature there are further examples of the use of the term harpe in Pierce's (1914) and Forbes' (1939) concept of the clasper (the plate + the process) (e.g., Varga & Ronkay 2007;Varga et al. 2015). As the term ampulla refers to the process of the transtilla/editum, and as in a number of Noctuidae species the clasper is platelike and lacks process(es), it seems logical to accept the concept by Sukhareva (1973) and use the terms clasper and harpe to refer to the plate and its dorsal free process, respectively (Figs 48,50,51,(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59). ...
The present paper briefly describes the Lithosiini genitalia and discusses their terminology. Twelve new terms are introduced: medius, introrsum, conjuga, collis, iuba, jugum basalis, jugum distalis, arcus, intersaccular bridge, lamella centralis, clasper region, and elasma for the male genitalia, and diverticulum bursae for the female genitalia. The terminological inconsistencies in Noctuidae are discussed with reference to the original concept by the various authors who introduced the terms, and the approaches by authors sensu auct. are also considered. In cases of discrepancies the terms preferable are suggested. Fully annotated figures are provided for the structures discussed.
... In the external features and size, the female mostly overlaps with the male. The female genitalia structure resemble those of species of the chalcea group (see Figs 14 & 15), established by Varga & Ronkay (2007). The main characters of the female genitalia of D. zilli (Fig. 13) are the setose, elongate papillae anales, short apophyses anteriores and long apophyses posteriores; strongly sclerotized antrum with large, pincer-like, bilateral, symmetrical lobes; the antrum-ductus bursae complex forming an inseparable, strongly sclerotised large plate; posteriorly evenly extending ductus bursae; not prominent, wrinkled appendix bursae and spacious, saccate corpus bursae with two fine longitudinal and a small signa in its wall. ...
In 2019, the authors of the present paper presented a detailed study on the genus Diarsia Hübner, 1816, giving an overview on the distribution, research history and the comprehensive studies and generic classification of the genus, including the description of seven new species (Gyulai & Saldaitis, 2019). In that paper, one of the newly described species was Diarsia zillii Gyulai & Saldaitis, 2019, based on a single male specimen. Since, a further male and a female were found in the collected stored material, almost from the same locality and date. The genitalia dissection confirmed that the description was necessary and correct. Thus, the colour image of the female and the short characterisation of the female genitalia are given in the present paper.
... A number of species are endemic to islands (Taiwan and, particularly, in the Indonesian islands and the Philippines). The most recent comprehensive study on the Diarsia by Varga & Ronkay (2007), gives a good overview on the history of the generic classification, divides species into species groups (which are accepted in this article), describes new species and reveals the female genitalia of numerous species for the first time. The survey and publishing of the female genitalia structure were very useful, since formerly the type designations and new descriptions had been done without the dissection of females, in most cases. ...
... The most recent investigations on the chalcea species group revealed the existence of another species in Yunnan and Sichuan, which is described here as new to science. Very likely, further one or two species are hidden in this species group, being close relatives to the D. mandarinella (Hampson, 1903) Leech, 1900;= Agrotis mandarinella (Hampson, 1903) Boursin, 1954 (Figs 23, 24), D. metadichroa Varga & Ronkay, 2007, D. scotodichroa Varga & Ronkay, 2007and D. hanmienses Xiong & Han, 2010. The holotypes of the latter four species are figured in colour by Varga & Ronkay (2007) and Xiong & Han (2010). ...
... Very likely, further one or two species are hidden in this species group, being close relatives to the D. mandarinella (Hampson, 1903) Leech, 1900;= Agrotis mandarinella (Hampson, 1903) Boursin, 1954 (Figs 23, 24), D. metadichroa Varga & Ronkay, 2007, D. scotodichroa Varga & Ronkay, 2007and D. hanmienses Xiong & Han, 2010. The holotypes of the latter four species are figured in colour by Varga & Ronkay (2007) and Xiong & Han (2010). The male syntype of D. mandarinella is figured here (Fig 21), its genitalia by Boursin as the type (1948c, plate 11, fig. ...
The description and diagnosis of seven new Diarsia Hübner, [1821] 1816 species (D. rubrifusa sp. nov., D. alexanderi sp. nov., D. reserva sp. nov., D. sciurus sp. nov., D. zillii sp. nov., D. griseocilia sp. nov. and D. variolosus sp. nov.) are provided. In addition, the distribution of the genus Diarsia, the research history of the Asiatic species and the main external and genitalia features of the seven new species and of their closest relatives are discussed, and illustrated with 44 imagines in colour, together with 27 males and 9 females genitalia.
... Therefore we follow here the definitions given in this review. External genitalia, often called "genital capsula" or "clasping organs" (Lafontaine & Mikkola 1987;Lafontaine 1998;Ronkay 2005;Varga & Ronkay 2007) have the function of "external coupling" during the often prolonged copulation, combined with sensory functions. ...
The basic architecture of the external genitalia of Noctuidae (“genital capsula”) is bilaterally symmetric. Secondary asymmetry is well-known in different subfamilies and tribes. We review and interpret the functions and processes which may be responsible for secondary asymmetry (i.e., dissymmetry) of these structures in terms of structural vs. behavioural working hypotheses. We consider the genital structures as correlated elements of a complex structure (“bauplan”) in which some changes in details can be explained by selection due to optimization of the reproductive success. Major pathways of changes are, however, delimited by some structural constraints which appear in parallel in different phyletic lines of trifine Noctuidae. One of these constraints is the subsistence of symmetry in structures with own musculature. On the other hand, some rigid parts without own musculature can evolve more rapidly and divergently in connection with the different allocation of functions. Such asymmetric structures may have some selective advantages due to the more effective stimulation, on one side, and fixation of genital parts during copulation, on the other. Asymmetric structures can effectively enhance the variations of the spatial geometry but without change of the “bauplan” which can be preserved in parallel in different taxonomical groups. It means that the originally symmetric “bauplan” with its homologies can be considered as a phyletic “heritage”, while the functional dissymmetrisation driven by selective optimization is the “habitus” in which numerous homoplasies can occur.
... In different species they have been described as spinules, hairs, teeth, spines, spurs, thorns, blades, etc. (Tuxen 1970). To give just two examples, most of the variants above mentioned, including species without cornuti, are observed in the Holartic species of the noctuid genus Diarsia (Varga and Ronkay 2007; some examples are shown in Fig. 1a), and in the Neotropical members of the subfamily Arctiinae (Watson 1971; some examples are shown in Fig. 1d). The cornuti also have other shapes, like rods, bands or plates (e.g. ...
The genitalia of many male insects include structures whose functions are unknown or poorly understood. The endophallus of many Lepidoptera bears sclerotized structures known as cornuti, which in some species break off during copulation and remain within the female genital tract ("deciduous" cornuti). I describe previous and original hypotheses on the role of cornuti, identify the selective pressures invoked by these hypotheses, propose different ways of testing them and briefly review pertinent evidence. I describe ten functional hypotheses for non-deciduous cornuti and four for deciduous cornuti; six hypotheses invoke natural selection and eight involve sexual selection. In some cases more than one of the proposed functions could be performed by cornuti; evolutionary change from one function to another is also possible. I suggest that the wide morphological variation observed in non-deciduous cornuti across taxa supports hypotheses invoking sexual selection. I propose that the function and evolution of cornuti can be revealed with a combination of descriptive studies, cornuti removal experiments and comparative tests.
This paper evaluates a collection of autumnal Lepidoptera fauna from Dağlıca vicinity of Hakkari Province. A total of 58 species are examined belonging to 9 families. Off all, 33 species in Dağlıca vicinity and 21 species in Hakkari Province are determined for the first time. All the species are listed alphabetically within the families, together with synonyms and studied materials. Furthermore, distribution of endemic and poorly known two noctuid species, Ostheldera arne L. Ronkay & Varga, 1994 and Hakkaria varga (Hacker, [1987]) are discussed and, their adults and genital pictures are illustrated.
In the year of 2008, the Project Entomofauna of Turkey was begun privately. The main aim was to compile the hitherto recorded taxa of pterygot insects in Turkey. For this purpose, 24 pterygot orders in Turkey, their family, genus and species group taxa have been studying by the authors. Results of the fields studies have also been evaluating to some degree. Six reports of the temporary results were published so far. In these reports, not only the previously published information by other native or foreign authors were compiled, updated taxonomical or nomenclatural cases of the taxa, but also numerous new records to the provincial or country fauna were added. Unfortunately, there is no similar studying program, having such a perspective to the fauna of Turkey currently. Total number of the pterygot insect species of Turkey was reported by the authors on 8 January 2011 as 17629. Whereas, the current number reaches to 19492. Van, from the faunistical standpoint, is one of the little studied provinces of Turkey. Several years ago, the total pterygot fauna of this province was less than thousand species. Today, exact number of the species reached to 2000 species; among them, several hundred records belong to the field studies of the present authors. Expected number of species is around 5000 in the province. In the present paper, only the synonymical list of the species is given alphabetically together with their families, under the studied orders. Totally 16 orders are illustrated here representatively from various places of Van Province. Planned further faunistical studies in the province, such as Artos Mountain, Catak, etc. will be published separately.
Bornean moths in the zygaenoid families Phaudidae, Himantopteridae and Zygaenidae are described, completing the coverage of the superfamily commenced in Part 1 of this series, apart from the Lacturidae. The treatment covers 76 species distributed over 37 genera, with 8 of the former and one subspecies described as new. For each species, a diagnosis and the geographical range are given and, where known, details of habitat preference and biology. A fully revised and annotated checklist is provided for the species covered by the whole series, with new records, descriptions of 4 new genera and 20 new species, as well as a review of taxonomic changes and other new taxa that have been published in the literature since each Part appeared, including developments from a number of molecular (DNA) studies of the major groups, particularly with regard to the Noctuoidea where the series is contributing to, and benefitting from, a significant exchange of information. Summaries of much fresh biological information are presented for many species. The total fauna now amounts to about 4630 species for the superfamilies Cossoidea, Zygaenoidea, Calliduloidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea and Noctuoidea. 26 families are covered in full. All new taxa, synonymies and other taxonomic changes presented here are summarised. A full index is provided. An Appendix by the author and H.S. Barlow documents the history of the series, its aims, the extent of its coverage in terms of geographical relevance, and its contribution to wider aspects of Lepidoptera systematics in terms of higher classification. Practical and financial aspects of its production and publication are discussed, including the development of an online version.
This article deals with the Lepidoptera fauna of Van Province (East Turkey). Totally, 1153 species of the 43 families are listed alphabetically. Synonymous names are arranged chronologically and added to each species. The families recorded in the province are given below alphabetically: Adelidae, Alucitidae, Arctiidae, Argynnidae, Autostichidae, Brachodidae, Brahmaeidae, Choreutidae, Cimeliidae, Coleophoridae, Douglasiidae, Elachistidae, Ethmiidae, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, Hepialidae, Hesperiidae, Lasiocampidae, Lecithoceridae, Libytheidae, Lycaenidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Oecophoridae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Psychidae, Pyralidae, Saturniidae, Satyridae, Scythridae, Sesiidae, Sphingidae, Thyatiridae, Tineidae, Tortricidae, Yponomeutidae, and Zygaenidae.
