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12: MSA-level fixed-effect results of immigration status, Hispanic ethnic origin, and African American isolation on changes in violent arrest rates within MSAs.
Source publication
Three essays on social inequality and the U.S. criminal justice system
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Citations
... The incarceration of parents with dependent children is problematic for a number of reasons including familial financial instability, the stigma of parental imprisonment, social exclusion, and loss of contact with the incarcerated parent (Codd 2008;Comfort 2008;Dallaire 2007;Eddy and Poehlmann 2010;Foster and Hagan 2007;Murrary et al. 2009). Parental incarceration has been shown to affect children in a wide range of negative ways, including a greater likelihood of mental health problems (Murrary et al. 2009;Murrary and Farrington 2005;Stroble 1997), antisocial, problem, or delinquent behavior (Peniston 2006;Roettger 2008;Wakefield and Wildeman 2011;Wildeman 2010), academic underperformance Foster and Hagan 2009), school dropout (Cho 2011), drug use , and contact with the criminal justice system (Huebner and Gustafson 2007;Farrington 2005, 2008a, b;Miller and Barnes 2013;. ...
... Prior studies, especially those from the field of criminology, have focused mainly on intergenerational offending and contact with the criminal justice system (Huebner and Gustafson 2007;Farrington 2005, 2008a, b;. Numerous analyses have linked parental incarceration to a variety of criminological outcomes among offspring, including aggression (Geller et al. 2012;Wildeman 2010), antisocial behavior (Murrary and Farrington 2005;Pakiz et al. 1997), drug use (Murrary et al. 2012;, delinquency (Peniston 2006;Roettger 2008), contact with the police (Stanton 1980), and involvement in the criminal justice system (Huebner and Gustafson 2007;Miller and Barnes 2013;. ...
Of the more than two million persons incarcerated in U.S. prisons, the majority are also parents to children under the age of 18. A growing body of research has explored the impact of parental incarceration on these children and has consistently found a link between this experience and negative life outcomes. Fewer studies, however, examined the longitudinal impact of parental incarceration on offspring. This analysis attempts to address this shortcoming by exploring the relationship between parental incarceration during childhood and adult outcomes later in life. More specifically, we examine the associations between paternal incarceration during childhood and health, educational, and economic outcomes in young adulthood. Using data from the Add Health, we utilize a series of regression analyses to examine these relationships. Results suggest that parental incarceration is significantly related to a number of outcomes in early adulthood, including educational attainment, physical and mental health, and receipt of public assistance.
... Associations between parental incarceration and antisocial behavior and mental health problems also have been documented in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (Johnson, 2009), the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Roettger, 2008), and Dutch (Besemer et al., 2011;van de Rakt, Murray, and Nieuwbeerta, 2011), Swedish (Murray, Janson, and Farrington, 2007), and Australian (Kinner et al., 2007) longitudinal studies. Paternal incarceration also has been found to be associated with other problems, such as drug use, poor educational performance, and social exclusion, in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Hagan, 2007, 2009;Roettger et al., 2010). ...
Explanations for the fact that crime tends to run in families have focused on the deprived social backgrounds of criminal parents, methods of child-rearing, modeling processes, and genetic mechanisms. However, parental involvement in the criminal justice system itself also might contribute to the intergenerational transmission of crime and have other adverse effects on children's well-being. We investigated the development of youth problem behavior in relation to parental arrest, conviction, and incarceration in the youngest and oldest samples of the Pittsburgh Youth Study, a longitudinal survey of 1,009 inner-city boys. Parental arrest and conviction without incarceration did not predict the development of youth problem behavior. Parental incarceration was not associated with increases in marijuana use, depression, or poor academic performance. However, boys experiencing parental incarceration showed greater increases in theft compared with a control group matched on propensity scores. The association between parental incarceration and youth theft was stronger for White youth than for Black youth. Parenting and peer relations after parental incarceration explained about half of its effects on youth theft. Because the effects of parental incarceration were specific to youth theft, labeling and stigma processes might be particularly important for understanding the consequences of parental incarceration for children.
The current study aimed to describe the prevalence of children of incarcerated parents (COIP) in a sample of homeless/highly mobile children, examine the relationship between parental incarceration and other risk factors, and investigate the effect of parental incarceration on child academic and mental health outcomes. The authors compared COIP (n = 45) to children whose parents were never incarcerated (n = 93) within a sample of 138, 4- to 7-year-old ethnically diverse children residing in emergency homeless shelters. Children's caregivers provided information about children's history of parental incarceration and other family experiences. Children's teachers reported academic and mental health outcomes in the subsequent school year. Compared to children with no history of parental incarceration, COIP experienced more negative life events. Regression models revealed that a history of parental incarceration was a significant predictor of teacher-reported internalizing problems. These results have implications for the identification and treatment of the highest risk homeless/highly mobile children.
