Figs 113-11 - uploaded by Francesco Doveri
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8-Hypocopra equorum. 113, 114 Ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous perisporium (arrows). 115, 116, 117, 118 Detail of asci with uniseriate ascospores in different stages (germ slit = arrow). Bars 113, 115 = 20 μm, 114, 116, 117 = 30 μm, 118 = 15 μm.
Source publication
"Fungi Fimicoli Italici", the first monograph on coprophilous fungi from Italy, is regarded as the starting point of a survey on Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes obligatorily or facultatively growing on any kind of dung. All fimicolous species recorded from Italy and described in that work or in subsequent author's papers are listed and their dung so...
Citations
... Distribución: se ha citado en Europa de España (Marcos-Martínez et al., 2017), Francia (Van Brummelen, 1995 e Italia (Doveri, 2011). Se registra por primera vez el género en México y la especie en América. ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
Pezizales es uno de los órdenes del reino Fungi más estudiados en el mundo y el segundo grupo de ascomicetos mejor conocido en México con 185 especies. En contraste, existen solo 23 especies registradas para Sonora. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la riqueza taxonómica de Pezizales asociados al bosque de pino-encino en una localidad del municipio de Yécora, Sonora, México.
Métodos:
Se realizaron cinco muestreos estacionales en bosque de pino-encino de Los Pilares, Yécora, Sonora durante los años 2020-2021. La determinación taxonómica se hizo con claves especializadas con base en la caracterización macro- y micromorfológica de los especímenes.
Resultados clave:
Se determinaron 16 especies de Pezizales distribuidas en siete familias: Helvellaceae (5), Pezizaceae (2), Pseudombrophilaceae (1), Pulvinulaceae (1), Pyronemataceae (4), Sarcosomataceae (1) y Sarcoscyphaceae (2). Doce especies son nuevos registros para Sonora y seis para México: Geopyxis deceptiva, Helvella dryophila, Plectania milleri, Pseudombrophila fuscolilacina, Pseudopithyella magnispora y Tricophaeopsis latispora. Además, los tres últimos taxones se citan por primera vez para el continente americano.
Conclusiones:
El catálogo de Pezizales de Sonora se incrementó a 35 especies; no obstante, es importante dar continuidad a estudios que incluyan análisis ecológicos y filogenéticos de este grupo de hongos.
... A thin pore-like area can be observed in the middle of the truncated base (Lundqvist et al., 1999). On the British Isles and in Europe, P. intestinacea prefers horse dung and then cattle dung, but it is also found on sheep and pig dung (Doveri, 2011; Lundqvist, 1972; Welt and Heine, 2007). In the southern hemisphere, P. intestinacea is reported mostly from horse cattle, lagomorph , and red deer dung (Bell, 1983; Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001). ...
... In the south hemisphere, the species was recorded on African buffalo dung in tropical Africa (Caretta et al., 1998) and wild rabbit dung in the summer dry coast of South America (Piontelli et al., 2006). P. pleiospora (spores 25–40 μm) grows quite commonly in Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand, preferably on the dung of lagomorphs and rarely on the dung of domesticated animals (cattle, horse, and goat) (Bell, 1983Bell, , 2005 Doveri, 2011; Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001; Lundqvist, 1972; Parker, 1979; Richardson, 2001a; Welt and Heine, 2007; Wicklow et al., 1980 ). Its preference for lagomorph dung seems to be less strict in lower latitudes (Doveri, 2011; Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001). P. prethopodalis (spores 25–40 μm, extreme values 15–45 μm) was first described on horse dung from the Society Islands (South Pacific), but it is found in cattle, sheep, and goat dung from St. Lucia, Mexico, East Africa, Oman, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Australia (Bell, 2005; Cain, 1962; Elshafie, 2005, Krug and Khan, 1989; Mirza and Cain, 1969; Richardson, 2008; Wang, 2000). ...
... In the south hemisphere, the species was recorded on African buffalo dung in tropical Africa (Caretta et al., 1998) and wild rabbit dung in the summer dry coast of South America (Piontelli et al., 2006). P. pleiospora (spores 25–40 μm) grows quite commonly in Europe, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand, preferably on the dung of lagomorphs and rarely on the dung of domesticated animals (cattle, horse, and goat) (Bell, 1983Bell, , 2005 Doveri, 2011; Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001; Lundqvist, 1972; Parker, 1979; Richardson, 2001a; Welt and Heine, 2007; Wicklow et al., 1980 ). Its preference for lagomorph dung seems to be less strict in lower latitudes (Doveri, 2011; Lorenzo and Havrylenko, 2001). P. prethopodalis (spores 25–40 μm, extreme values 15–45 μm) was first described on horse dung from the Society Islands (South Pacific), but it is found in cattle, sheep, and goat dung from St. Lucia, Mexico, East Africa, Oman, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Australia (Bell, 2005; Cain, 1962; Elshafie, 2005, Krug and Khan, 1989; Mirza and Cain, 1969; Richardson, 2008; Wang, 2000). ...
... Few somatic or reproductive structures, such as ascospores, were observed in samples found in white-lipped peccary dung, because these specimens are delicate, with perithecioid fruiting bodies, often damaged by mycophagous insects [primarily Aphodiinae beetles (Scarabaeidae)] and other small arthropods. However, more details were observed in specimens found in cow dung, seen at the onset of fungal Lundqvist (1969Lundqvist ( , 1972Lundqvist ( , 1980), Bell (1983Bell ( , 2005), Richardson and Watling (1997), and Doveri (2004Doveri ( , 2011). The nomenclature adopted follows the Index Fungorum Partnership proposal (IFP 2015). ...
This study presents the first records from three genera Hypocopra, Pyxidiophora, Zopfiella and the second of the rare species, Cercophora coronata (Cailleux) Udagawa and T. Muroi, for Brazil. It also presents the first record of H. stercoraria (Sowerby) Sacc., P. arvernensis (Breton and Faurel) N. Lundq. and Z. latipes (N. Lundq.) Malloch and Cain for the Neotropical region. Specimens were obtained from dung collected in areas of the Brazilian Savannah cultured in moist chambers. Distribution data, taxonomic descriptions and new substrate records for are presented.
... Our field observations were also in concert with laboratory experiments that have found that some species of Pyronemataceae grow in soils gradually heated to >100 °C and that heat-resistant Pyronemataceae appear in soils regularly influenced by the fire (Monti, 1992; Kipfer et al., 2010; Simonovicova et al., 2014). These taxa commonly grow on bare or burned soils and decaying wood debris (Doveri, 2011). While the post-fire fungi are mainly ascomycetes, they also include basidiomycetes and/or basal fungi formerly assigned to Zygomycota (Petersen, 1970; Dahlberg, 2002 ). ...
... Coprophilous species are mainly found in herbivore dung, preferably in bovine dung. According to Doveri (2011), representatives of that genus greatly prefer bovine dung as substrate. Such preference shows that the genus Delitschia is a very demanding genus as for the substrate where it occurs (Lundqvist 1972). ...
This study presents a new variety of Delitschia gigaspora, called pescanii, that was obtained in moist chamber cultures of cow dung collected in the Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas (PESCAN), a conservation unit of the Cerrado bioma (Brazilian Savanna) in the State of Goiás, Brazil. The study also brings the first record of the genus Delitschia for Brazil. A taxonomic description, illustrations, anda dichotomous key for the known varieties of the species are provided.
... Henrici 2002; Doveri 2010), recorded mostly from heavily manured soils or cattle, horse and sheep dung on heaths, moors, meadows, rough pastures and grazed dune areas (Orton 1969; Watling & Gregory 1987; Van der Bergh & Noordeloos 1996; Noordeloos 1998; Ludwig 2001 ). More recently, however, P. subfirmus has been collected in France (Bon & Courtecuisse 2003), Italy (Doveri 2004Doveri , 2010Doveri , 2011), Turkey (Afyon & Yağız 2004; Sesli & Denchev 2008; as P. speciosus) and Russia (Marina 2006). There are also reports of its occurrence in Australia (Hilton 1988 after Watling & Richardson 2010 as P. speciosus), New Zealand (Bell 1988; as P. speciosus) and the Falkland Islands (Watling & Richardson 2010). ...
Panaeolus subfirmus P. Karst. is reported for the first time from Poland, and described and illustrated based on Polish specimens. Its ecology, general distribution and taxonomy are also presented. A key for determination all Polish species of Panaeolus (Fr.) Quél. is provided.
... Ascospores of our collections are very similar in size to the protologue (Locquin-Linard 1977) and some subsequent records (Valldosera et al. 1987, Valldosera 1991), whereas those measured by von Arx et al. (1988) and Guarro et al. (2012) on the type subcultures are somewhat longer and narrower on average (13–16 × 7–9 µm). Lophotrichus macrosporus is morphologically similar to L. bartlettii (Massee & E.S. Salmon) Malloch & Cain and L. fimeti: L. bartlettii has not an asexual state (von Arx et al. 1988, Delgado Avila et al. 2001b) and grows on dung of several herbivores, like L. macrosporus, but it differs in having perithecioid, very short-necked to papillate, or even double-papillate (Pathak & Agrawal 1974) ascomata with an inconspicuous ostiole crowned with long terminal hairs, and smaller (5.5–10 × 4.5–7 µm) ascospores (Massee & Salmon 1901, Ames 1963, Asad & Ahmad 1968, Ahmed et al. 1971, Seth 1971, Furuya & Udagawa 1973, Pathak & Agrawal 1974, Valldosera 1991, Wang 1992, Delgado Avila et al. 2001a, Doveri 2011, Ribeiro Melo et al. 2012). Only von Arx et al. (1988) and Guarro et al. (2012) described somewhat larger ascospores (8–12 × 6–7.5 µm), but not so large as those of L. macrosporus. ...
... Besides L. macrosporus, Enterocarpus grenotii Locq.-Lin. is the only Lophotrichus-like species isolated by me from dung in the Tuscan Archipelago and coast. Doveri et al. (1997) and Doveri (2004, 2011) gave descriptions of this species and reasons why it is not a synonym of L. bartlettii (von Arx 1981a, von Arx et al. 1988, Valldosera 1991, Guarro et al. 2012). up to 70 × 40 µm. ...
Doveri F 2014 – Coprophilous pyrenomycetes s.l. from the Tuscan Archipelago and adjacent peninsular coast: description of five species new to Italy. Mycosphere 5(1), 188–216, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/5/1/10 Abstract All author's collections of 55 pyrenomycetes s.l. so far known from dung in Tuscan coast and islands (Italy) are listed. Lophotrichus macrosporus, Pleospora ambigua, Rhytidospora cainii, Sporormiella isomera, Westerdykella cylindrica are described and discussed. A world-key to Rhytidospora species is provided. Key words – dichotomous key – dung – geographical coordinates – records Introduction This article is a continuation of my previous studies on rare or new coprophilous discomycetes from the Tuscan archipelago (Doveri 2012). The area under study is bounded by a line joining the following three geographical coordinates, 41°45'56"N 9°43'05"E; 42°22'51"N 11°25'50"E; 44°02'34"N 10°01'10"E, and includes the islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, in Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, and the coast of the Tuscan provinces of Massa, Lucca, Pisa, Livorno and Grosseto, facing this sea. Climate, flora and fauna are typically Mediterranean. The aim of this paper is to update the list of pyrenomycetes from this area, specifying their precise location and dung source, and to describe and widely comment on some pyrenomycetes new to Italy. Materials & Methods All collections were obtained from different types of dung cultured in non-axenic damp chambers, and studied according to the methods of Richardson & Watling (1997) and Richardson (2001), slightly modified by Doveri (2004). Abbreviations: AMB = Herbarium of Bresadola Mycological Association; CLSM = author's personal herbarium; d.c. = damp chamber culture; MCVE = Herbarium of Venetian Civic Museum.
... All the other species in this group are exclusively coprophilous. In my experience S. verrucisporus has a lower substrate tolerance than S. obscurus, as my Italian collections are usually from cervine droppings (91%), with a 23% frequency on this type of dung in culture (Doveri 2011). Records from deer dung (van Brummelen 1967, Larsen 1970, Häffner 1986, Richardson 2001b) are prevalent (28%) elsewhere, but the frequency is lower than in Italy. ...
Ascobolus aglaosporus, Ascobolus sacchariferus and Saccobolus obscurus are described and discussed. All author's collections of 19 Ascobolus and 13 Saccobolus so far known from dung in Italy are listed, and each species illustrated by colour photos. Updated keys to coprophilous Ascobolus and Saccobolus species from Italy are provided.
... Guarro et al. (2012) determined eight species and one variety within the genus, whose distinctive features are having its pinkish reddish glabrous perithecia, not stromatic, cylindrical asci with uniseriate eight-spores, non-or rarely one-septate ascospores and acremonium-like anamorph (Cannon & Hawksworth 1984; Doveri 2004). Several reports of the genus Neocosmospora have been showing that species of this genus were commonly found in soil as pathogenic or saprobic fungi for several plants (Mishra1988; Doveri 2004 Doveri , 2011 Domsch et al. 2007; Dau et al. 2010; Ali et al. 2011). Neocosmospora have been also found from animal dungs. ...
... Neocosmospora have been also found from animal dungs. For instance, Cailleux (1971) isolated N. vasinfecta from dung samples in African collections, Doveri (2011) found it in rabbit feces in Italy and Cribb (1991) recorded N. vasinfecta var. africana in emu dung. ...
Neocosmospora vasinfecta (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) was found on feces of brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) collected in the Zoo Foundation of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District (DF), Brazil, after the feces were maintained in moist chambers. This is the first report to observe the fungus from feces of brocket deer and also the first record in center-west region of Brazil. Description and illustration of the fungus are presented in this study.
... Preussia Fuckel, in the same family, has morphological features so similar to Sporormiella that its independence has been questioned. We refer to previous works on this subject (Doveri 2004Doveri , 2005Doveri , 2007Doveri , 2011 Doveri & Coué 2008) to explain why the senior author regards Sporormiella as distinct from Preussia (Cain 1961; Ahmed & Cain 1972; Barrasa & Checa 1991; Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007 Kirk et al. 2008). That view has been strengthened by an extensive phylogenetic study on Sporormiaceae (Kruys & Wedin 2009), which does not definitely resolve the question of synonymy. ...
An ascolocular ascomycete with semi–immersed, hairy and pyriform pseudothecia, abundant pseudoparaphyses, fissitunicate 8-spored asci, and dark, very large 8-celled ascospores has been isolated from deer dung in Andalusia (Spain). Based on morphological features, a new species
is erected and accommodated in Sporormiella, which the authors regard as a genus independent of Preussia. The new species is discussed and placed in a key, and a previous worldwide key to Sporormiella species with 8-celled spores is updated.
