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1) Ingerophrynus cf. macrotis, 2) Duttaphrynus melanostictus, 3) Ingerophrynus galeatus, 4) Leptobrachium cf. pullum, 5 & 6) Leptolalax cf. applebyi (lateral and dorsal view), 7) Leptolalax cf. firthi, 8) Ophryophryne cf. hansi (photographs by D. Jestrzemski).
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A herpetological survey was conducted in spring 2012 in the eastern part of Chu Mom Ray National Park, Kon Tum Province, southern Vietnam, to create a first inventory list of amphibians and reptiles and record threats to the local herpetocommunity. We also evaluated the efficiency of two faunistic inventory methods, drift fences and transect visual...
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... Unfortunately, these regions are undergoing habitat loss due to the conversion of natural forests into agricultural farmland (Luu et al. 2020; as observed by Vinh Quang Luu). Previous studies on gecko species have mainly been focused in protected areas (e.g., Nazarov et al. 2008;Jestrzemski et al. 2013;Do et al. 2021) but our recent research indicates that geckos recently described in the Central Highlands are also found outside the network of protected areas (Luu et al. 2017(Luu et al. , 2023. There is still much to be learned about the mechanisms that contribute to the high levels of diversity within this morphologically and ecologically diverse gecko lineage. ...
Another new species of Dixonius , D. fulbrighti sp. nov. , is described from Gia Lai Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, using an integrated approach based on morphological, categorical (color pattern), and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2) and its flanking tRNAs data. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Dixonius fulbrighti sp. nov. as closely related to D. gialaiensis from Gia Lai Province and part of a clade that includes D. minhlei , D. siamensis , and D. somchanhae . Multivariate (PCA, DAPC, and MFA) and univariate (ANOVA) analyses of 15 meristic (scale counts), six morphometric (mensural), and five categorical (color pattern and morphology) characters from 44 specimens of all eight species of Dixonius from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia clearly demonstrated that Dixonius fulbrighti sp. nov. is statistically different and diagnostically distinct from all closely related species of Dixonius . This new species discovery highlights the underestimated gecko diversity and the importance of continued fieldwork in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.
... The previous record of Limnonectes cf. bannaensis from Chu Mom Ray National Park, Kon Tum province by Jestrzemski et al. (2013) should be reidentified as L. fastigatus. ...
We record Limnonectes fastigatus for the first time from Vietnam based on a new amphibian collection from Chu Mom Ray National Park, Kon Tum province. Morphological characteristics of the specimens from Chu Mom Ray National Park resemble those of the type series from Cambodia. The specimens from Vietnam differ from the type series from Cambodia by having a slightly larger size in males and a distinct colour pattern on the dorsum. Genetic divergences between sequences of the Vietnamese specimens and those of Limnonectes fastigatus from Cambodia available from GenBank are 2.0-2.1% (16S gene). In addition, we provide morphological data and natural history notes of the aforementioned species from Vietnam.
... Second, in general we observed a relatively low number of species in each habitat type, ranging 5 -14 in general, including both reptiles and amphibians, or even less when we count only reptiles at the Nam Et Phou Louey National Park. This number of species is remarkably (Hecht et al., 2013), 62 species in the lowland evergreen forests of the Chu Mom Ray National Park (Jestrzemski et al., 2013), 52 species in the isolated mountain forests of the of Ha Giang Province (Bain and Truong, 2004), and 132 species were recorded for Phong Nha Ke Bang national park, Quang Binh province, Central Vietnam (Ziegler et al., 2004). In Cambodia, 86 species were observed in the forests of the Phnom Kulen National Park (Geissler et al., 2019), and 43 species in the mountain evergreen forests of the Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary (Grismer et al., 2007). ...
Nowadays, Laos remains one of the scientifically least known countries of Asia in terms of herpetological knowledge. Here, we evaluate composition of species in freshwater ecosystems (main river courses) and terrestrial ecosystems (forests) in two distinct regions using Visual Encounter Surveys along designed transects, examination of fishers’ catches and standardized interviews. In Northern Laos, we recorded only 18 reptile individuals (2 turtle and 1 snake species). Interview surveys demonstrated that in Nam Xam River, fishers are more likely to hunt turtles and we identified one potential site where the world’s rarest turtle, Rafetus swinhoei, could be still present in the wild. In Nam Et Phou Louey National Park, we found 19 reptile species (8 lizard, 10 snake, 1 turtle species) in the different study sites, demonstrating a low species density in all different surveyed habitats. In Central/Southern Laos, we observed 30 species of reptiles (14 snake, 16 lizard, 35 amphibian species). Our study offers preliminary insights into the composition of amphibians and reptiles in Laos. The great majority of the species were non-threatened or not evaluated, and a few were threatened, suggesting that more research is needed to proper understand the conservation status of Laos’ herpetofauna. We highlighted, indirectly by interviews with local fishers, the possible presence of the turtle Rafetus swinhoei, thus providing a new hope for avoiding the extinction of this species. Finally, we observed a relatively low number of species in each habitat type, which is remarkably lower than in tropical forests of other continents or of nearby south-east Asian countries, indicating that the herpetofauna communities in Laos are depleted, reflecting an ‘empty forest syndrome’.
... In addition, 61 snake species were observed in the much larger region of the Son La Province (Van Pham et al. 2020), where a subgroup of 51 species were observed during 15 mo of field research (Van Pham et al. 2014), and 49 species in the Phong Na-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam (Ziegler et al. 2004). Our data are more comparable to other Asian studies carried out at a similar spatial scale as ours: 47 species in the Sakaerat Station in Thailand (Inger and Colwell 1977); 36 in Ba Vi forests, Vietnam (Luu et al. 2020); 34 in Lawachara, Bangladesh (Rahman et al. 2013); 25 in Yen Bai, Vietnam (Le et al. 2018); 20 in Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve (Nguyen et al. 2011);16 in Chu Mom Ray National Park, Vietnam (Jestrzemski et al. 2013); 15 in a Taiwan tropical forest (Lee 2005) and in a Thailand swampy area (Khorat; see Karns et al. 2005); 10 in Bai Tu Long National Park, Vietnam (Schmitz and Ziegler 2016), and in the Thailand flooded plains (Karns et al. 2010); and 7 in Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia (in this latter case not a forest; Brooks et al. 2009). Data from West African forests revealed that the number of sympatric species in single forest patches is about 20 species (Akani et al. 1999a,b;Luiselli and Akani 1999), whereas in South America the number of sympatric species is much higher (e.g., Dixon and Soini 1975;Duellmann 1978). ...
The snake communities in Asian tropical forests are relatively unknown, with most studies focusing on species lists. We investigated species composition, relative abundance, and community ecology of snakes in a mature secondary hilly forest area in the Quan Son District, northern Vietnam. To our knowledge, it is one of the few field investigations focused on snake community structure to have been undertaken within the Indo-Burma Hotspot, which is one of the most biologically important regions on the planet. We surveyed snakes along random transects in forests during two time periods (10-12 d), between 500 and 1,350 m elevation. In 361.8 h of surveys, we encountered 19 species, with a clear altitudinal separation in snake assemblages and numbers. Encounter frequencies dropped with elevation but had a peak at the intermediate elevation of 600-699 m. We therefore observed a Mid Domain Effect in our snake community in terms of both species richness and number of individuals observed. Of the 19 recorded species (including one Pythonidae, 11 Colubridae, two Elapidae, one Pseudaspididae, three Viperidae, and one Xenodermidae), 78.9% were exclusively or primarily terrestrial, 42.1% were semiarboreal, and 21% were semiaquatic (with some species belonging to two guild categories). We also present new natural history observations of snakes in the region. We discuss the importance of our findings relative to other similar studies conducted in South America and Africa, in addition to those in Vietnam and SouthEast Asia.
... In Thailand, very little has been recorded on the biology, habits and distribution of the species compared to nearby Vietnam where the species has been relatively better studied (e.g. Bobrov, 1995;Bain & Nguyen, 2004;Ziegler et al., 2006;Bobrov & Semenov, 2008;Nguyen et al., 2009;Hecht et al., 2013;Jestrzemski et al., 2013;Ziegler et al., 2015). There are also relatively recent observations published on the species in nearby Malaysia (e.g. ...
The first published record of the Thai Water Dragon, Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier, 1829 (Reptilia: Agamidae) is herein provided from a subadult observed/photographed within primary rainforest habitat near the Samrongkiat Waterfall, via Kantharalak, Sisaket Province, north-eastern Thailand during May 2019.
... The members of this genus have a wide distribution range from eastern Iran to southern China and Japan, southward to the Philippines and the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Lanza 1999;Silver et al. 2013;Neang et al. 2014). Five species of Lycodon have been recently described from Southeast Asian countries, namely L. davidi Vogel, Nguyen, Kingsada & Ziegler, 2012 from Boulenger 1893;Smith 1943;Deuve 1970;Hu et al. 1975;Ziegler et al. 2007;Nguyen et al. 2009;Vogel & David 2010;Geissler et al. 2011;Orlov et al. 2011;Neang et al. 2014;Luu et al. 2013a,b;Jestrzemski et al. 2013;Phan et al. 2014Grismer et al. 2014Ziegler et al. 2014;Gawor et al. 2016;Ngo & Duong 2016;Nguyen et al. 2016;Do et al. 2016;Vassilieva et al. 2016;Pham et al. 2017;Do et al. 2017;Luu et al. 2018). 1-maximum snout-vent length (in mm); 2-maximum tail length; 3-maximum of total length; 4-number of supralabials; 5-number of infralabials; 6-loreal touching orbit; 7-number of preoculars; 8-number of postoculars; 9-number of loreals; 10-dorsal scale row fomula; 11-number of ventral scales; 12-number of subcaudals; 13-number of cloacal (1 or 2); 14-head pattern; 15-belly banded; 16-dorsal body pattern; 17-number of body bands/blotches; 18-number of tail bands/blotches; 19-color of light body bands/blotches; 20-ground coloration on dorsum; 21-dorsal scales keeled/smooth; 22-belly pattern; 23-vertebral scale row enlarged; 24-first body band position (at VEN); 25-first body band width; 26-ventral tail banded; 27-maxillary teeth, anterior=A, posterior=P; 28-temporals (A+P); 29-nuchal band; 30-distribution. ...
... The finding of the new Lycodon increases the number of congeners known from Vietnam to 15, of which nine are confined to karst formations, underlining the importance of this habitat in promoting Lycodon speciation. (Smith 1943;Nguyen et al. 2009;Geissler et al. 2011;Orlov et al. 2011;Jestrzemski et al. 2013;Phan et al. 2014;Do et al. 2016;Vassilieva et al. 2016). (Boulenger 1893;Smith 1943;Deuve 1970;Hu et al. 1975;Ziegler et al. 2007;Nguyen et al. 2009;Vogel & David 2010;Geissler et al. 2011;Orlov et al. 2011;Neang et al. 2014;Luu et al. 2013a,b;Jestrzemski et al. 2013;Phan et al. 2014;Grismer et al. 2014;Ziegler et al. 2014;Gawor et al. 2016;Ngo & Duong 2016;Nguyen et al. 2016;Do et al. 2016;Vassilieva et al. 2016;Pham et al. 2017;Do et al. 2017;Luu et al. 2018). ...
... (Smith 1943;Nguyen et al. 2009;Geissler et al. 2011;Orlov et al. 2011;Jestrzemski et al. 2013;Phan et al. 2014;Do et al. 2016;Vassilieva et al. 2016). (Boulenger 1893;Smith 1943;Deuve 1970;Hu et al. 1975;Ziegler et al. 2007;Nguyen et al. 2009;Vogel & David 2010;Geissler et al. 2011;Orlov et al. 2011;Neang et al. 2014;Luu et al. 2013a,b;Jestrzemski et al. 2013;Phan et al. 2014;Grismer et al. 2014;Ziegler et al. 2014;Gawor et al. 2016;Ngo & Duong 2016;Nguyen et al. 2016;Do et al. 2016;Vassilieva et al. 2016;Pham et al. 2017;Do et al. 2017;Luu et al. 2018). ...
We describe a new species of the genus Lycodon based on an adult male specimen from Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Lycodon namdongensis sp. nov. is differentiated from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: dorsal scales in 17−17−15 rows, all smooth; supralabials 8; infralabials 10; one large loreal on each side, separated from the eye; cloacal single; ventral scales 218 (plus two preventral scales); subcaudals 85, paired; a total length of 723 mm; tail / total length ratio 0.205; dorsal head pattern whitish grey; dorsal surface of body with 23 narrow greyish cream bands; dorsal surface of tail with 14 cream bands; ventral surface of body mostly cream with a few small dark spots posteriorly; ventral surface of tail dark grey. Based on molecular comparisons, Lycodon namdongensis sp. nov. is recovered as a sister species to L. futsingensis with strong support values from all three analyses. The new species is at least 6.5% genetically divergent from other species within this clade as shown by a fragment of more than 1000 pbs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b. This discovery increases the number of Lycodon species known from Vietnam to 15.
... In Thailand, very little has been recorded on the biology, habits and distribution of the species compared to nearby Vietnam where the species has been relatively better studied (e.g. Bobrov, 1995;Bain & Nguyen, 2004;Ziegler et al., 2006;Bobrov & Semenov, 2008;Nguyen et al., 2009;Hecht et al., 2013;Jestrzemski et al., 2013;Ziegler et al., 2015). There are also relatively recent observations published on the species in nearby Malaysia (e.g. ...
A record of the Thai Water Dragon, Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier, 1829 (Reptilia: Agamidae) is herein provided from secondary rainforest/roadside habitat within the Khao Kheow Nature and Wildlife Education Center (Open Zoo), Chonburi, Chonburi Province, Thailand during October 2016. This is possibly the first published record of this lizard from Chonburi.
... Known distribution of Sphenomorphus buenloicus in Vietnam and Cambodia: 1) Vu Quang N.P., Ha Tinh; 2) Phong Nha-Ke Bang N.P., Quang Binh(Ziegler et al., 2006;; 3) Chu Mom Ray N.P., Kon Tum(Jestrzemski et al., 2013); 4) Kon Plong, Kon Tum; 5) Kon Chu Rang N.R., Kon Ha Nung Plateau, Gia Lai ...
... In Chu Mom Ray NP, both female specimens of H. petersii (as well as an undocumented third individual) were the only scorpions recorded during the survey, and found in sites of illegal timber extraction. Poaching of wildlife and illegal logging are widespread problems in the national park (Jestrzemski et al., 2013). ...
A biodiversity survey was conducted in spring 2012 in eastern Chu Mom Ray National Park, Kon Tum Province, central Vietnam, to identify and record predaceous arthropod taxa that are known to include reptile and amphibian prey in their diet as well as those of large body size (>= 60 mm). Five drift fence arrays with pitfalls and double-ended funnel traps were installed in lowland ever-green forest and monitored over 40 nights. Additionally, 22 nocturnal searches were conducted along an adjacent forest stream. Recorded large arthropod predators comprise of one Asian forest scorpion species (Heterometrus petersii), at least three different tarantula species in the subfamily Selenocosmiinae, one scolopendromorph centipede species (Scolopendra dehaani), one scutigero-morph centipede (Thereuopoda longicornis), one giant water bug species (Lethocerus cf. indicus), one creeping water bug species in the family Naucoridae, two water scorpion species (Cercotmetus sp. and Laccotrephes sp.), one species of army ant (Aenictus sp.), four species of praying mantises (Hierodula fruhstorferi, Hierodula patellifera, Tenodera aridifolia and Theopropus elegans) and one species of freshwater crab (Balssipotamon fruhstorferi). In two cases, the predation of Aenictus sp. on the caecilian Ichthyophis cf. nguyenorum was observed. Conservation measures for giant water bugs, tarantulas and Asian forest scorpions are discussed.
Key words: Arthropods, predators, herpetofauna, biodiversity survey, conservation.
... Sphenomorphus buenloicus was originally described from Buon Luoi in Gia Lai-Kon Tum Province of Vietnam (now Gia Lai Province, forest in the type locality is destroyed; Fig. 1, locality 7) and later reported from several localities in the mountainous regions of Tay Nguyen Plateau in Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces of Vietnam (Fig. 1, localities 3-8). It was also recorded in Chu Mom Ray National Park in Kon Tum Province (Fig. 1, locality 3), adjacent to Virachey National Park in Vietnam and Cambodia: 1) Vu Quang N.P., Ha Tinh (Nguyen et al., 2009); 2) Phong Nha-Ke Bang N.P., Quang Binh (Ziegler et al., 2006;Nguyen et al., 2009); 3) Chu Mom Ray N.P., Kon Tum (Jestrzemski et al., 2013); 4) Kon Plong, Kon Tum (Nguyen et al., 2009); 5) Kon Chu Rang N.R., Kon Ha Nung Plateau, Gia Lai (Bobrov & Semenov, 2008;Poyarkov, unpublished data); 6) So Pai, K Bang, Gia Lai (Nguyen et al., 2009); 7) Buon Luoi, An Khe, Gia Lai (type locality, Darevsky & Nguyen, 1983); 8) Kon Ka Kinh N.P., Gia Lai (Bobrov & Semenov, 2008;Poyarkov, unpublished data); 9) Phnom Namlyr W.S., Mondulkiri (this study); 10) Loc Bac, Lam Dong (Vassilieva et al., 2016;Poyarkov, unpublished data); 11) Nam Cat Tien, Dong Nai (Vassilieva et al., 2016); 12) Binh Chau-Phuok Buu N.P., Ba Ria-Vung Tau (Nguyen et al., 2009). A B in Cambodia. ...
