Figure 5 - uploaded by Diana Yayloyan
Content may be subject to copyright.
1.1 Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Designated Rail Corridor 2: Mediterranean-East Asia (CAREC Secretariat, cited by Asian Development Bank, 2016)
Source publication
This research report studies opportunities for Turkey and Armenia in view of emerging opportunities for regional economic integration. Armenia and Turkey are the main foci of our research; field trips have also been conducted in Azerbaijan, Georgia and Kazakhstan. In particular, our research focuses on economic corridors crisscrossing the region, s...
Similar publications
Recombination is an important driver of genetic diversity, though it is relatively uncommon in hepatitis C virus (HCV). Recent investigation of sequence data acquired from HCV clinical trials produced twenty-one full-genome recombinant viruses belonging to three putative inter-subtype forms 2b/1a, 2b/1b, and 2k/1b. The 2k/1b chimera is the only kno...
The paper compares the energy security of three South Caucasus countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia. These countries differ from each other due to the use of different energy sources. The investigation used 28 indicators classified into six groups based on World Bank data to assess energy security. Indicators for each group were assessed as...
This article is devoted to the issue of recognizing the nature of seismic events in order to identify explosions. The results of analyzes of seismic events are presented. The criteria for the difference between explosions and earthquakes are established. A separate explosion catalogue has been created. Methodical bases of recognition of technogenic...
Digestive disease-caused death rates are significantly high in the South Caucasus region. The latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data are a subject of discussion and should lead to serious steps to be taken. Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia are three countries in the region with similar cultures but different roots. The problem seems to affect e...
Citations
... In order to align Middle Corridor with BRI, in 2015 Turkey and China signed a Memorandum of understanding which includes also transport and logistics cooperation as well as cooperation schemes, for instance, in people-to-people contacts (Inan and Yayloyan, 2018). ...
... From an EU perspective, this route has the advantage of promoting Chinese -EU trade as well as promoting EU's access to energy markets in Central Asia circumventing its dependency on Russia, primarily in energy. The EU has established good political relations with countries along the Middle Corridor, which are also home to hydrocarbon resources and/or are passageways for transport of such resources (Inan and Yayloyan, 2018). Also Kazakhstan prioritizes connection via the Middle corridor, because with this corridor they gain relative autonomy from Russian domination of its economy (Inan and Yayloyan, 2018). ...
... The EU has established good political relations with countries along the Middle Corridor, which are also home to hydrocarbon resources and/or are passageways for transport of such resources (Inan and Yayloyan, 2018). Also Kazakhstan prioritizes connection via the Middle corridor, because with this corridor they gain relative autonomy from Russian domination of its economy (Inan and Yayloyan, 2018). ...
Exchange of goods between the EU Member States and China is increasing year by year and in 2018 has reached about 2.2 billion tones. Considering dependence of exchange of goods and efficiency of transport system, the launch of the Belt and Road initiative by the Government of the People's Republic of China can only influence the increase of this trend. Namely, under the umbrella of this initiative, a revitalization of the historic Silk Road is planned. This revitalization involves the establishment of a modern Silk Road with quality transport infrastructure on which efficient transport services will be organized along recognized land and sea routes. The very realization of the initiative should provide support for further economic growth and increase in trade on the Eurasian continent. The aim of this paper is to identify the role of railway transport and railway corridors in the trade between the EU and China along established economic corridors and Serbia's position in this context. The authors analyzed the possibility of establishing a railway link between China and the Republic of Serbia as part of the initiative.
... Railway lines are growing fast and many cities are already connected with Central Asian and European trade partners. In addition, new seaports, airports, bridges and highways, oil and gas pipelines, electrical and fibre optic networks, as well as industrial parks are under construction along the route (Li & Schmerer, 2017;Inan & Yayloyan, 2018). In fact, the OBOR Action Plan in 2015 had two main components: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. ...
... In fact, the OBOR Action Plan in 2015 had two main components: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The "belt" is the Eurasian land route connecting China to Europe; the "road" is a maritime trade route connecting Chinese or Chinese invested ports with the African coast and European Mediterranean ports (Inan & Yayloyan, 2018). ...
... It has made a grand entry not only into Central Asia but has also a growing presence in the South Caucasus. Besides, China is well established all across Central Asia most notably in the energy sector, as it is a primary importer of energy conditioned by its growing energy demand linked to its economic growth (Inan & Yayloyan, 2018). Together with the physical infrastructure, policy coordination, financial integration, collaboration in trade, social and cultural cooperation are also required for the effectiveness of the new Silk Road Project. ...
Georgia, a post-soviet country, located in the South Caucasus at a crossroads of Europe and Asia, presents Europe’s natural gateway towards Asia. The Belt and Road Initiative, also known as the One Belt One Road, is 21st century Silk Road encompassing transportation and communication systems connecting China to Europe. Since the Initiative is at its beginning stage, it is essential to study its economic influence on the South Caucasus region it traverses, and particularly, upon Georgia. In this respect, to facilitate sustainable growth in the region, advanced technology, industrial and infrastructural modernization is crucial. Under the Initiative, Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway is completed, which can significantly shorten the time of shipment from China to Europe, and Georgia's Anaklia Deep Sea Port on the Black Sea with a huge capacity of cargo transportation is under construction. The infrastructure investments under the Initiative can encourage economic development and hence, reduce poverty.
... Transport corridors mostly refer to the infrastructure capabilities that provide physical links to an area in any given country or to the region, which previously lacked the connection (Nogales, 2014). The infrastructure capability includes multimodal transport corridors that generate more compound connections by integrating several types of transport modes, such as road, rail, inland waterways and short sea shipping (Inan & Yayloyan, 2018). ...
... The central goal of a logistic corridor is to enhance the flow and storage of goods, people, and related information. It includes improving logistics and all related technological, organizational and legal conditions to be achieved with the support of service providers and a facilitating institutional environment (Inan & Yayloyan, 2018). ...
... The objective of the Association is to harmonize transhipments across the Trans-Caspian corridor. To do so, several bilateral and multilateral cooperation schemes, are planned to be ratified to achieve effective tariff policy, easing barriers in customs and border crossings, therefore, reducing administrative costs (Inan & Yayloyan, 2018 ...
This dissertation is a case study of an economic evaluation of a 700 TEU class container
feeder vessel as an alternative short sea shipping service in the Caspian Sea. The proposed case study illustrates the introduction of container transportation services by feeder vessel between the Port of Baku (Azerbaijan) and the Port of Aktau (Kazakhstan).
The dissertation briefly outlines the background information related to the shipping industry and specifically to the container shipping and short sea shipping. The following part of the dissertation will discuss the possibility of the main assumption which lies in the number of containers that can be transported. The main question to be asked is whether it is possible to generate a satisfactory number of containers in each port or not? Hence, it requires an in-depth analysis of the projected transportation route, which covers Central Asia and the Caucasus. Consequently, the current condition of the main trade corridor, which covers Baku and Aktau ports will be analysed
The latter study will conduct rational and reasonable inferences and assumptions for the
proposed case study based on collected fragmentary data which has been publicized. One key assumption is that the number of containers to be transported changes accordingly to previously given number order. This means, there are minimum and a maximum limit of containers that can be transported between those ports.
KEYWORDS: Containerization, Feeder Vessel, Short Sea Shipping, Caspian Sea
This study intends to analyze the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Belt and Road Initiative. As the Belt and Road Initiative is the President Xi Jinping's flagship foreign policy agenda, the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Belt and Road Initiative are worth discussing. Although the Russia-Ukraine war is a geopolitical event, the consequences of the war on geoeconomics could be seen. Through its six economic corridors the Belt and Road Initiative sets up trade, financial, people-to-people, and digital connectivities across the world. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted connectivities across the regions that the Belt and Road Initiative aspires to set up. Especially, China's land connection to Europe through the Northern Route stalled because of war conditions. Furthermore, the Russia-Ukraine war damaged China's political, economic, and infrastructural linkages to European countries. The course of the war between Russia and Ukraine could have drastic results on the progress of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Ali Baş Komandan, Prezident İlham Əliyevin rəhbərliyi altında
Azərbaycan Ordusu Ermənistanın ardıcıl təxribatlarının və yeni işğal planlarının
qarşısını almaq, işğal altında olan torpaqlarımızı azad etmək məqsədilə
sentyabrın 27-dən etibarən zəfər yürüşünə başladı. Qırx dörd gün davam edən
hərbi əməliyyatlar nəticəsində Azərbaycan Ordusu Ermənistanın 30 il ərzində
qurduğu silahlı qüvvələrini darmadağın etdi, uzun illər ərzində işğal altında qalan
Cəbrayıl, Qubadlı, Zəngilan, Füzuli rayonlarını, Xocavənd rayonunun böyük
hissəsini, Laçın rayonunun bir sıra kəndlərini, Qarabağın incisi olan Şuşa
şəhərini işğaldan azad etdi. Beləliklə, 44 gün ərzində Müzəffər Ali Baş
Komandanın rəhbərliyi ilə Azərbaycan Ordusu bütün dünyaya öz qüdrətini,
gücünü nümayiş etdirdi. 2020-ci il noyabrın 10-da Qarabağda hərbi
əməliyyatların bitməsi və atəşkəs barədə Azərbaycan, Ermənistan və Rusiya
liderlərinin 9 bənddən ibarət birgə bəyanatı imzalandı
This chapter discusses why local bazaar traders do not formalize their businesses according to official and Western standards. It describes the broader local economic field in the Caucasus and explains different aspects of Caucasian biznes (бизнec), providing an overview of activities subsumed under that rubric and suggesting parameters that help classify economic activities and forms of small entrepreneurshipentrepreneurship. These parameters include (a) the location where business is done (ranging from public pavements to bazaars, shopping malls, and private spaces); (b) personal background (e.g., age, gender, education, personal skills, and ethnic and religious affiliation); (c) social networksnetworks along which business is organized (which may originate in the criminal sphere, in local networks conceptualized as friendshipfriendship, brotherhoodbrotherhood, ethnic community and kinshipkinship, or in the interaction within business activities); (d) the mobilitymobility of traders, (e) the goods that are traded, and, finally, (f) the amounts of goods and capital, means of transportation, and the frequency of the activity. Ideology is another parameter that must be considered, embracing ideas, beliefs, and values. Ideology, parameter (g), is an integral part of the sociocultural setting, and, among other things, provides the framework within which economic activity is assessed. The author suggests considering three overlapping value systems, which together constitute a set of ideas. These value systems respectively relate to (1) value systemlocal society, culture, and cosmology, (2) Soviet ideologyideology, and (3) the neoliberal market economy. Which of these value systems is taken as the point of reference depends on the context, situation, and the actors involved. By giving detailed descriptions of all these parameters and their combinations, the author depicts the variety of the local businesses’ environment, or ecology. She defines the place of long-distance and bazaar tradebazaar trade within the local social hierarchy and socioeconomic context, which, again, results from a specific entanglement of the aforementioned parameters. She visualizes this entanglement by adapting Alexander von HumboldtAlexander von Humboldt’s Naturgemälde,Naturgemälde to reflect on the organic causalities between different factors composing an environment. These causalities create specific niches, which constitute the ecosystems of specific kinds of trade. Forms of trade and entrepreneurship linked to these niches can be viewed as sophisticated adaptations, which do not work in other niches or contexts. Normative definitions of entrepreneurshipentrepreneurship thus do not capture local realities, especially those of bazaar traders. This is also why these traders do not formalize and/or meet the expectations linked to the Western definition of entrepreneurship associated with innovation and the discovery and exploitation of opportunities, described as “one of the primary drivers of industrial dynamism, economic development, and growth” (Carlsson et al. in Small Business Economics 41:913–930, 2013). This chapter thus reviews a variety of themes related to the economic activity of the traders studied and of the Caucasus in general. Above all, it describes the position of bazaar and long-distance traderslong-distance traders within a broader local economic system.
