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1–2. Apothecium and spores of Chaenotheca erkahomattiorum . 3–4. Apothecia and spores of Chaenothecopsis dibbleandersoniarum . 5–6. Apothecia and spores of Chaenothecopsis marcineae .
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Thirty-five species belonging to ten genera of Caliciales are reported for Maine north of Mount Katahdin. Twenty-three are new records for the state and one, Chaenothecopsis brevipes Tibell, is a new record for the Northern Hemisphere. An identification key is presented as are diagnoses and information on the taxonomy and ecology of each species.
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Citations
... B, Blennothallia crispa (photo taken in situ, Brinker 8719). C, Chaenothecopsis brevipes (Brinker 9014 (Gockman et al. 2020;Harris 2004;Selva 1988Selva , 2014Selva , 2016. A single previously published record exists from Ontario from Lanark County (Selva 2010). ...
Noteworthy records of forty-three lichens and allied fungi are presented based on recent collections from Ontario, Canada. Three species, Agonimia borysthenica, Arthonia subconveniens (on Ricasolia quercizans) and Lecanographa abscondita are reported for the first time from North America. Eleven species, Erythricium aurantiacum (on Physcia millegrana), Hypotrachyna showmanii, Leptogium arsenei, Opegrapha rupestris (on Bagliettoa), Pronectria tibellii (on Cladonia pocillum), Punctelia missouriensis, Thelidium zwackhii, Tremella imshaugiae (on Imshaugia aleurites), Verrucaria bryoctona, Vezdaea schuyleriana and Vouauxiella lichenicola (on Lecanora) are reported for the first time from Canada. Eleven species, Absconditella sphagnorum, Agonimia gelatinosa, Didymocyrtis xanthomendozae (on Xanthomendoza hasseana), Distopyrenis americana, Lichenochora obscuroides (on Phaeophyscia pusilloides and P. sciastra), Paranectria oropensis (on Lecanora and P. rubropulchra), Pertusaria sommerfeltii, Raesaenenia huuskonenii (on Bryoria fuscescens), Stereocaulon depreaultii, Thrombium epigaeum and Trichonectria rubefaciens (on Aspicilia) are reported as new to Ontario. Details on 18 additional rare or otherwise rarely collected species new to various counties and districts of the province are also provided. These include: Abrothallus microspermus (on Flavoparmelia caperata), Ahtiana aurescens, Athelia arachnoidea (on Physcia millegrana), Blennothallia crispa, Chaenothecopsis brevipes (on Inoderma byssaceum), C. rubescens (on I. byssaceum), Cladonia dimorphoclada, Corticifraga fuckelii (on Peltigera evansiana), Didymocyrtis cladoniicola (on Cladonia), Hypotrachyna revoluta, Lepra panyrga, Marchandiomyces corallinus (on Parmelia squarrosa and Physcia thomsoniana), Muellerella hospitans (on Bacidia rubella), Refractohilum peltigerae (on Peltigera evansiana), Reichlingia leopoldii, Sarcosagium campestre, Steinia geophana and Vezdaea acicularis.
... Soon after the publication of the fifth lichen checklist, lichenologists who were influenced by the work of Tibell in North America began publishing their own work on calicioid taxa. The Caliciales of northern Maine (Selva 1988) and three calicialian lichens new to the continental United States, from Florida (Thor 1988) were the first of these. Among the 35 species reported from Maine was Chaenothecopsis brevipes, a species that had only recently been described by Tibell (1987) from New Zealand. ...
... With the exception of Chaenothecopsis exilis, which was collected in Ontario and Michigan, and C. haematopus, which was collected in Ontario and British Columbia, all of the species covered were collected on either the west coast or east coast of the continent. In addition to the works of Selva (1988) and Thor (1988), other significant calicioid-focused investigations carried out in eastern North America (with the number of calicioid species reported in parentheses) include those by Selva (1998) in New York (21 species), Tibell & Koffman (2002) on Chaenotheca nitidula in New Brunswick and Maine, Selva (2002), in which a new ''restricted taxa approach'' using calicioid species as old-forest indicators is presented, Selva (2003), where calicioid taxa are used to assess the ecological continuity of 28 forests in the Canadian Maritime provinces, Selva (2004), in a discussion of Coniocybe gracilescens and two new species of Sphinctrina, from Arkansas, Massachusetts, and New York, Selva (2010) in eastern North America (11 species), Selva (2013, 11 species), Selva (2014, 89 species), and Selva (2016a, 5 species) in the Acadian forest in northeastern North America, McMullin et al. (2012, 39 species), McMullin et al. (2015, 45 species) on Prince Edward Island, Selva (2016b, 54 species) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina, McMullin & Arsenault (2016, 34 species) in Newfoundland, Selva & Tuovila (2016, 2 species) in the Acadian Forest, Paquette et al. (2019, 30 species) in Quebec, and McCarthy et al. (2020) on Tholurna dissimilis in Labrador. ...
... Note. This species was originally described from New Zealand by Tibell (1987) and was first reported from North America by Selva (1988), from Maine. The range was subsequently expanded by Selva (2014Selva ( , 2016b. ...
Sixty-four species of calicioid lichens and fungi are reported from the state of Minnesota, which is located in the upper Midwest of the United States. Chaenothecopsis jordaniana and C. penningtonensis are new to science, Calicium denigratum is reported for the first time from the United States, and an additional 23 species are reported for the first time from the state. As the first comprehensive calicioid flora from the central part of North America, significant range extensions are also reported for eight species that were previously only known from eastern or western states and provinces. Information on previously published works and locations, community preferences and habitat ecology are provided for each species, as is an identification key to all species.
... Here it was lignicolous on Pinus rigida in an extensive bedrock-controlled granite barren. It is characterized by its epruinose, mid-sized apothecia (0.6-0.9 mm tall) that are I-, brownish to olivaceous stalks, cylindric asci, and large, 1-septate ascospores averaging 9-15 × 5-7 µm with papillate surfaces (Selva 1988, Tibell 1998. Calicium glaucellum Ach. is very similar but it differs from C. abietinum in having a white pruina on the lower side of the capitilum and smaller ascomata and ascospores (Tibell 1999 FIGURE 20A. ...
One-hundred and sixty-three new or noteworthy lichens and allied fungi are reported from Ontario based on new collections. The lichens Lecanora atromarginata, L. gisleriana, Rhizocarpon ridescens and Sclerococcum griseisporodochium are new to North America. The reported species new to Canada are: Abrothallus bertianus, Absconditella trivialis, Agonimia opuntiella, Diploschistes gypsaceus, Ephebe solida, Heterodermia japonica, Minutoexcipula tuckerae, Peltula bolanderi, Placynthium petersii, Protothelenella sphinctrinoides, Pycnora praestabilis, Thelopsis melathelia, Toninia tecta and Verrucaria quercina. Sixty-one taxa reported new to Ontario include: Abrothallus peyritschii, A. usneae, Agonimia tristicula, Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga, Arthrorhaphis citronella, Bachmanniomyces uncialicola, Baeomyces placophyllus, Biatora printzenii, Bilimbia lobulata, Calicium lucidum, Caloplaca stillicidiorum, Cetraria nigricans, Chaenothecopsis australis, Cystocoleus ebeneus, Dactylospora lobariella, Dendriscocaulon intricatulum, Dermatocarpon schaechtelinii, Enchylium conglomeratum, Endocarpon pulvinatum, Gyrographa gyrocarpa, Henrica theleodes, Heterodermia neglecta, Homostegia piggotii, Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta, H. revoluta, Lathagrium auriforme, Lecanora appalachensis, Lecanora epibryon, Lecanora orae-frigidae, Lecidea lapicida, Lecidella wulfenii, Lempholemma radiatum, Lepraria oxybapha, Lichenoconium usneae, Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Lichenostigma elongata, Lopadium coralloideum, Ophioparma lapponica, Pertusaria bryontha, P. coriacea, P. globularis, Phylliscum demangeonii, Plectocarpon lichenum, Polycauliona stellata, Porpidia flavicunda, Pseudosagedia chlorotica, Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides, Rostania ceranisca, Sclerophora farinacea, Scytinium schraderi, Solorina bispora, Sphaerellothecium minutum, Sticta beauvoisii, S. fuliginosa, Tetramelas papillatus, Tremella cetrariicola, Umbilicaria lyngei, Usnea ceratina, Xanthomendoza fulva and Xylographa opegraphella. Details on additional rare or otherwise rarely collected species new to explored counties and districts are also provided. These include: Acarospora bullata, Ahtiana aurescens, Amygdalaria panaeola, Anaptychia crinalis, Arctoparmelia incurva, Arthonia diffusella, Baeomyces carneus, Blastenia ferruginea, Buellia badia, Calicium abietinum, Caloplaca saxicola, Cetraria aculeata, Chaenotheca stemonea, Chaenothecopsis perforata, Cliostomum griffithii, Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola, Dermatocarpon dolomiticum, Dibaeis baeomyces, Flavocetraria nivalis, Fuscopannaria leucosticta, Heppia adglutinata, Heterodermia hypoleuca, H. obscurata, Hyperphyscia syncolla, Hypogymnia vittata, Immersaria athroocarpa, Inoderma byssaceum, Lecanora epanora, Lepraria cryophila, Leproplaca chrysodeta, Leptogium rivulare, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Lichenostigma cosmopolites, Lithothelium hyalosporum, Lobaria scrobiculata, Lobothallia alphoplaca, Lopadium disciforme, Melanelixia albertana, M. subargentifera, Melanohalea halei, M. subolivacea, Muellerella erratica, Mycoblastus alpinus, Mycoglaena myricae, Myelochroa obsessa, Ovicuculispora parmeliae, Pannaria tavaresii, Parmotrema hypotropum, P. reticulatum, P. stuppeum, Peltigera venosa, Pertusaria superiana, Phacopsis oxyspora var. oxyspora, Physcia americana, Physcia tenella, Physconia grumosa, Placidium arboreum, Polychidium muscicola, Porina scabrida, Porpidia degelii, Pseudocyphellaria holarctica, Pseudoschismatomma rufescens, Psoroma hypnorum, Punctelia appalachensis, P. stictica, Rhizocarpon eupetraeum, Rinodina pachysperma, Sarea difformis, Scytinium gelatinosum, Scytinium intermedium, Sphaerophorus fragilis, S. globosus, Stictis radiata, Synalissa ramulosa, Syzygospora physciarcearum, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus, Thyrea confusa, Toninia aromatica, Tremella everniae, Umbilicaria arctica, U. hirsuta, U. proboscidea, U. torrefacta, Usnea glabrescens and Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla.
... However, Rhus typhina is the only known host for Phaeocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell, another calicioid, which has been widely documented throughout North America (Harris 1976;Harris & Lendemer, 2005;McMullin & Lendemer 2016;Selva 1988Selva , 2014Thomson 2003;Tibell & Ryan 2004;Wetmore 2005) suggesting that C. perforata simply has been overlooked. In fact, one of us (RTM) has returned to sites where he previously collected P. curtisii and found C. perforata on trunks adjacent to where P. curtisii occurs. ...
Chaenothecopsis perforata is reported as new to North America from Canada (Ontario and Québec) and the United States (Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin). The species occurs on the exudate of Rhus and this is the first documented occurrence on angiosperm exudate for any calicioid fungus in North America.
... Ryvarden (tropical, temperate, and boreal habitats throughout North America and on other continents; MycoPortal 2018), and potentially other as yet undocumented fungal substrates. It is typically considered to be non-lichenized (Hutchinson 1987), but its consistent affiliation with green algal-laden upper surfaces of these macrofungi (see Selva 1988) leaves open the possibility of as yet undocumented nutrient transfer among two or more of these disparate organisms. ...
... Phaeocalicium polyporaeum is relatively common throughout the eastern North American temperate hardwood forests (and similar biomes on other continents, e.g., Spier et al. 2008), closely tracking the distribution of its host fungi throughout this region (Hutchison 1987;Selva 1988;LaGreca et al. 2005;Keller et al. 2007;McMullin 2012;McMullin & Lendemer 2013Lendemer et al. 2016;Tripp & Lendemer, in press). In the area, it is probably more common than currently understood, owing to its small size and inconspicuousness to all but the closest observers. ...
... Hutchison (1987) described its preferred substrate, Trichaptum biforme (=Hirschioporus pargamenus (Fr.) Bondartsev & Singer) as a common shelf fungus of eastern North America and this proposed association between fungus, substrate, and calicioid fungus has been widely confirmed in numerous other lichenological studies of eastern North America (Hutchison 1987;Selva 1988;LaGreca et al. 2005;Keller et al. 2007;McMullin 2012;McMullin & Lendemer 2013Lendemer et al. 2016;Tripp & Lendemer 2019). However, P. polyporaeum has also been reported on Trichaptum abietinum, albeit much more rarely (Selva 2014). ...
Phaeocalicium polyporaeum is reported from Colorado for the first time, based on a specimen collected by the first two authors, in 2018, from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. This individual was growing on Trichaptum abietinum and furthermore represents the first record of P. polyporaeum in western North American in over 30 years. We provide discussion on its geographical range as presently understood, along with other notes of interest.
... Microcalicium arenarium is a non-lichenized fungus known to parasitize both algae and lichens (Ahti 1999). As with many other calicioids, it is sensitive to disturbance and is considered oldgrowth forest dependent given its slow growth and limited dispersal ability (Selva 1988Selva , 1994). Microcalicium arenarium was reported new to Ontario by Wong and Brodo (1990) from Hastings County, and more recently mentioned by Lewis (2010) from the Temagami area from talus habitat with Psilolechia clavulifera (Nyl.) ...
We report on fifty-seven lichen species from forty-four genera that are new either to Canada or the Province of Ontario, are the first published records in approximately the last century, or are additional provincial records of rare species with few collections. Ranges of several species are also expanded in northeastern North America. The first published reports of Abrothallus microspermus, Lecanora epanora, Parmotrema hypotropum, and Placidium arboreum in Canada are presented, as well as, the first published reports of Arthrorhaphis alpina, Dermatocarpon intestiforme, Menegazzia subsimilis, Multiclavula vernalis, Parmelia neodiscordans, Polychidium muscicola, Porpidia melinodes, Protothelenella corrosa, and Ramalina sinensis in Ontario. We report the first documented records since the late 19th to early 20th century for Ontario of Arthonia ruana, Heterodermia hypoleuca, Leptogium corticola, Lithothelium septemseptatum, Phaeophyscia hispidula ssp. hispidula, and Scyntinium dactylinum. Details on the following additional rare species are also provided: Acarospora sinopica, Anaptychia palmulata, Arthothelium spectabile, Catapyrenium cinereum, Chrysothrix chlorina, C. xanthina, Evernia prunastri, Gyalecta jenensis, Heppia adglutinata, Lecanora fugiens, Lepraria humida, Scytinium subtile, S. teretiusculum, Microcalicium arenarium, Myriospora smaragdula, Normandina pulchella, Opegrapha mougeotii, O. rufescens, Parmeliella triptophylla, Psilolechia lucida, Psora decipiens, P. globifera, P. pseudorussellii, Punctelia appalachensis, Rhizocarpon oederi, Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus, Thyrea confusa, Toninia sedifolia, and Usnea longissima.
... -Microcalicium arenarium is a non-lichenized fungus known to parasitize both algae and lichens (Ahti 1999). As with many other calicioids, it is sensitive to disturbance and is considered oldgrowth forest dependent given its slow growth and limited dispersal ability (Selva 1988(Selva , 1994. ...
We report on fifty-seven lichen species from forty-four genera that are new either to Canada or the Province of Ontario, are the first published records in approximately the last century, or are additional provincial records of rare species with few collections. Ranges of several species are also expanded in northeastern North America. The first published reports of Abrothallus microspermus, Lecanora epanora, Parmotrema hypotropum, and Placidium arboreum in Canada are presented, as well as, the first published reports of Arthrorhaphis alpina, Dermatocarpon intestiforme, Menegazzia subsimilis, Multiclavula vernalis, Parmelia neodiscordans, Polychidium muscicola, Porpidia melinodes, Protothelenella corrosa, and Ramalina sinensis in Ontario. We report the first documented records since the late 19th to early 20th century for Ontario of Arthonia ruana, Heterodermia hypoleuca, Leptogium corticola, Lithothelium septemseptatum, Phaeophyscia hispidula ssp. hispidula, and Scyntinium dactylinum. Details on the following additional rare species are also provided: Acarospora sinopica, Anaptychia palmulata, Arthothelium spectabile, Catapyrenium cinereum, Chrysothrix chlorina, C. xanthina, Evernia prunastri, Gyalecta jenensis, Heppia adglutinata, Lecanora fugiens, Lepraria humida, Scytinium subtile, S. teretiusculum, Microcalicium arenarium, Myriospora smaragdula, Normandina pulchella, Opegrapha mougeotii, O. rufescens, Parmeliella triptophylla, Psilolechia lucida, Psora decipiens, P. globifera, P. pseudorussellii, Punctelia appalachensis, Rhizocarpon oederi, Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus, Thyrea confusa, Toninia sedifolia, and Usnea longissima.
... As collectors continue to add new calicioid records from the states and provinces of western North America, regional identification keys have started to emerge (e.g., Goward 1999, Peterson 2012. Though recognized as still incomplete, collectors continue to complement them with taxonomic resources from around the world, particularly those that focus on calicioid species in the northern hemisphere (e.g., Groner 2006;Selva 1988Selva , 2013Selva , 2014, Selva & Tibell 1999;Stordeur et al. 2010;Tibell 1975Tibell , 1980Tibell , 1999Tibell & Ryman 1995;Tibell & Titov 1995;Titov & Tibell 1993). ...
National Forest lands in the state of Washington were surveyed for calicioid lichens and fungi. Sixty-four plots were investigated and 930 collections were made. Fifty-seven species in nine genera were found, including Chaenothecopsis lecanactidis, C. nivea, C. vainioana, and Phaeocalicium interruptum, which are reported as new to North America. Chaenothecopsis norstictica and C. nigra are reported as new to western North America. Our observations confirm conclusions drawn by others that forests with the highest structural diversity have the highest number of calicioid species present.
... Reported as new to North America by Selva (1988), this species is easily recognized by its exclusive association with Arthonia byssacea, the very small, sessile to short-stalked apothecia (0.1-0.2 mm tall) that occur singly or in groups of several together, and the 1-septate, ellipsoidal brown spores. The other short-stalked Chaenothecopsis species associated with free-living Trentepohlia or lichens with Trentepohlia, C. amurensis and C. australis, both have non-septate spores. ...
... When he wrote back that he had only recently described this species from New Zealand, I couldn't believe it-Chaenothecopsis brevipes, known only from New Zealand and Maine! In my first publication on lichens, I introduced this species to North America (Selva 1988). One of the reviewers of that manuscript was John Thompson, whose flattering comments not only made my day, but actually helped convince me that this was the field of research I belonged in. ...
Chaenothecopsis australis and C. fennica are reported as new to North America and Microcalicium conversum is reported as new to eastern North America. A key to genera and keys to species that include all 89 known taxa in the Acadian Forest are followed by short narratives highlighting the similarities and differences among them, as well as information on substrates and distribution within and outside the ecoregion. In the first part of an investigation of the calicioid lichens and fungi in the Acadian Forest ecoregion (Selva 2013), three new species were described (Chaenotheca erkaho-mattiorum, Chaenothecopsis dibbleandersoniarum and C. marcineae), two additional species were reported for the first time in North America (Calicium pinastri and Chaenothecopsis amurensis), and six species are reported as new to eastern North America (Calicium adaequatum, Chaenothecopsis asperopoda, C. tsugae, C. ussuriensis, Sclerophora amabilis and S. farinacea). In addition to the eleven species reported by Selva (2013), seventy-eight species—including two, Chae-nothecopsis australis and C. fennica, that are new to North America and one, Microcalicium conversum, that is new to eastern North America—are reported here and help bring the total number of calicioid species in the Acadian Forest to eighty-nine. The Acadian Forest is over 330,000 km 2 in area, extending eastward from Adirondack State Park in northeastern New York, through the northern New England states of Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, the Canadian Maritime provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and from the Gaspé Peninsula of Québec southwesterly through the eastern townships to the United States border south of Sherbrooke. Information on the physiognomy of the Acadian Forest Ecoregion and the general ecology of the calicioid lichens can be found in Selva (2013). A key to all genera is provided below, followed by species keys presented alphabetically. Each species within a given genus is provided with a brief description that focuses primarily on characters that help distinguish it from similar species, as well as information on sub-strate(s), distribution within the Acadian Forest, the known worldwide distribution, especially western North America, Europe, Asia (Russia, China, Japan), Africa, Australasia, Central America and South America; citations are also given for up to five representative specimens. All species discussed in Selva (2013) are included in the species keys in this paper, but their diagnoses are not. Nomenclature follows Esslinger (2014).
... By the time my first manuscript on the calicioid lichens and fungi appeared in print (Selva 1988), it was clear to me that older forests were yielding a greater diversity of species than younger ones. Francis Rose (1974Rose ( , 1976 had drawn similar conclusions after comparative studies of the lichens present in 102 oak and beech woodlands in the British Isles. ...
Three new species, Chaenotheca erkahomattiorum, Chaenothecopsis dibbleandersoniarum and C. marcineae are described from Maine, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec, in the Acadian Forest Ecoregion of northeastern North America. In addition, Calicium pinastri and Chaenothecopsis amurensis are reported for the first time in North America, and Calicium adaequatum, Chaenothecopsis asperopoda, C. tsugae, C. ussuriensis, Sclerophora amabilis and S. farinacea are reported as new to eastern North America. Keys for identifying white-pruinose and epruinose species of Chaenotheca in North America, and the species of Chaenothecopsis in the Acadian Forest Ecoregion are also included. Perhaps this may be the most puzzling group of lichens. There is certainly none upon which so much labor has been bestowed by eminent lichenists. In this country very few species have been ascertained, and these almost entirely the commonest and most obvious forms. It is not every eye that can see a Calicium, nor are they easily to be found, where the attention is distracted by numerous other objects. Edward Tuckerman 1845
