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sŝŶĐĞŶƚEŝũŵĂŶϭΘĂŶŝĞůĞƌŐŝŶϮ
1,2 Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX1 0BP, UK
1 vnijman@brookes.ac.uk (corresponding author), 2 danielbergin1@gmail.com
ϳϭϯϭ
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online)
ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
KWE^^
ÊÃÃçÄ®ã®ÊÄ
:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂͮǁǁǁ͘ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͮϮϲƉƌŝůϮϬϭϱͮϳ;ϱͿ͗ϳϭϯϭʹϳϭϯϳ
K/͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĚdž͘ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬ:Ždd͘ŽϰϮϳϭ͘ϳϭϯϭͲϳ
ĚŝƚŽƌ͗^ĂŶũĂLJDŽůƵƌ͕KKͬt/>͕ŽŝŵďĂƚŽƌĞ͕/ŶĚŝĂ. ĂƚĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͗ϮϲƉƌŝůϮϬϭϱ;ŽŶůŝŶĞΘƉƌŝŶƚͿ
DĂŶƵƐĐƌŝƉƚĚĞƚĂŝůƐ͗DƐηŽϰϮϳϭͮZĞĐĞŝǀĞĚϬϭ:ĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϱͮ&ŝŶĂůƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚϭϵDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϱͮ&ŝŶĂůůLJĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚϯϭDĂƌĐŚϮϬϭϱ
ŝƚĂƟŽŶ͗Eŝ ũŵ ĂŶ ͕s͘Θ͘ Ğƌ Őŝ Ŷ;ϮϬ ϭϱ Ϳ͘ dƌ ĂĚ Ğŝ ŶŚ ĞĚ ŐĞ ŚŽ ŐƐ ;D Ăŵ ŵĂ ůŝ Ă͗ ƌŝŶĂĐĞŝĚĂĞͿŝŶDŽƌŽĐĐŽ͕ǁŝƚŚĂŶŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƚƌĂĚĞĨŽƌŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ
ĨƌŝĐĂĂŶĚƵƌĂƐŝĂ. Journal of Threatened Taxaϳ;ϱͿ͗7131–7137; ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĚdž͘ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬ:Ždd͘ŽϰϮϳϭ͘ϳϭϯϭͲϳ
ŽƉLJƌŝŐŚƚ͗ ©EŝũŵĂŶΘĞƌŐŝŶϮϬϭϱ͘ƌĞĂƟǀĞŽŵŵŽŶƐƩƌŝďƵƟŽŶϰ͘Ϭ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů>ŝĐĞŶƐĞ͘:ŽddĂůůŽǁƐƵŶƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚƵƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞŝŶĂŶLJŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐ-
ƟŽŶĂŶĚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞĐƌĞĚŝƚƚŽƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘
&ƵŶĚŝŶŐ͗EŽƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĨƵŶĚŝŶŐǁĂƐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƐƚƵĚLJ͘
ŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͗dŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĚĞĐůĂƌĞŶŽĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͘
ƵƚŚŽƌĞƚĂŝůƐ͗s®ÄÄãE®¹ÃÄŝƐƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ĂƐĂďŝŽůŽŐŝƐƚĂŶĚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJŚŽůĚƐ ĂƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌŝĂůĐŚĂŝƌŝŶŶƚŚƌŽƉŽůŽŐLJ ĂƚKdžĨŽƌĚƌŽŽŬĞƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞ h<͘,ĞŚĂƐ
ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞĚƚŚĞƚƌĂĚĞŝŶĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨƚĂdžĂ͕ŵŽƐƚůLJ ŝŶƐŝĂ͕ĂŶĚŚĞŚĂƐĂĐƚĞĚĂƐĂĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶƚƚŽŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶE'KƐ͘WƌŝŽƌƚŽƐƚƵĚLJŝŶŐƚŚĞ ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƚƌĂĚĞ
in Morocco as part of his MSc programme at Oxford Brookes University, Ä®½Ù¦®ÄǁŽƌŬĞĚĂƐĂƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚƚŽƵƌŐƵŝĚĞŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚĨƌŝĐĂ͛Ɛ<ƌƵŐĞƌEĂƟŽŶĂů WĂƌŬ͘
ZĞĐĞŶƚůLJŚĞũŽŝŶĞĚdZ&&/ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƚƌĂĚĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶ/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂĂŶĚDĂůĂLJƐŝĂ͘
ƵƚŚŽƌŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͗dŚĞƐƚƵĚLJǁĂƐŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚďLJsEĂŶĚ͖ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ͖sEĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůĂŶĂůLJƐŝƐ͖sEĂŶĚǁƌŽƚĞƚŚĞƉĂƉĞƌ͘
ĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͗tĞƚŚĂŶŬƚǁŽƌĞǀŝĞǁĞƌƐĨŽƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞĐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘
ďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͗,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĂƌĞƚƌĂĚĞĚůŽĐĂůůLJĂŶĚŽŌĞŶŝŶƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJƐŵĂůůŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƵƌĂƐŝĂĂŶĚĨƌŝĐĂ͘tĞŚĞƌĞƌĞƉŽƌƚŽŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĚĞ
ŝŶEŽƌƚŚ ĨƌŝĐĂŶ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ Atelerix algirusĂŶĚ ƚŽĂ ƐŵĂůůĞƌĞdžƚĞŶƚƉŽƐƐŝďůLJƚŚĞ ĞƐĞƌƚ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐParaechinu s aethiopicus in Morocco,
ĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂŶŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůƚƌĂĚĞŝŶŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĨŽƌŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͘/ŶϮϬϭϯĂŶĚϮϬϭϰǁĞƐƵƌǀĞLJĞĚϮϬDŽƌŽĐĐĂŶĐŝƟĞƐĨŽƌ
ĂƚŽƚĂůŽĨϰϴƟŵĞƐ͘tĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚϭϭϰŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ;ϯϮĂůŝǀĞĂŶĚϴϮƐŬŝŶƐͿĨŽƌƐĂůĞŝŶϮϱƐŚŽƉƐŝŶϭϬĐŝƟĞƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ
ŝŶĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂĂŶĚ DĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚ͘ůů ůŝǀĞŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐ EŽƌƚŚĨƌŝĐĂŶ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐďƵƚƐŬŝŶƐ ĐŽƵůĚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞĞƐĞƌƚ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ͘^ŚŽƉƐŽŌĞŶĚŝƐƉůĂLJĞĚŽŶůLJƐŝŶŐůĞŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŬŝŶƐ͕ďƵƚŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂůůLJƵƉƚŽϰϴƐŬŝŶƐ͕ĂŶĚůŝǀĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐǁĞƌĞŵŽƐƚůLJ
ƚƌĂĚĞĚƐŝŶŐůLJŽƌŝŶƉĂŝƌƐ͘KǀĞƌϴϬйŽĨƚŚĞƐŚŽƉƐƐĞůůŝŶŐŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĞƌĞŚĞƌďĂůŝƐƚƐ͕ƐĞůůŝŶŐŚĞƌďƐ͕ƐƉŝĐĞƐ͕ŽŝůƐĂŶĚĂŶŝŵĂůƉĂƌƚƐ͕ĂŶĚďŽƚŚ
ƐŬŝŶƐĂŶĚůŝǀĞŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĞƌĞŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽƐƵƉƉůLJƚŚĞĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů;͚ĨŽůŬ͛ͿŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘ƚĂŐůŽďĂůƐĐĂůĞǁĞĨŽƵŶĚĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů
ϯϰƌĞƉŽƌƚƐŽĨƚƌĂĚĞŝŶϭϮŽƌƉŽƐƐŝďůLJϭϯƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĨƌŽŵϮϯĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͖ĮǀĞƐƚƵĚŝĞƐŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐƚŚƌĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŝŶŚŝŶĂ͕^ŽƵƚŚĨƌŝĐĂ
ĂŶĚĞŶŝŶ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĚĂƚĂŽŶƚŚĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJĂŶĚĂďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞŽĨŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŝŶƚƌĂĚĞ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐƚƵĚŝĞƐǁĞƌĞƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞŝŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘
DĂƌŬĞƚĚĂƚĂ ŚĂǀĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ǀĂůƵĞ ŝŶ ŐĂƵŐŝŶŐƚŚĞŽīͲƚĂŬĞŽĨ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ǁŝůĚ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ ƚƌĂĚĞ͕ ďƵƚ ǁĞ
ŶĞǀĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐƵƌŐĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĂƟŽŶŽĨŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƚƌĂĚĞŝŶŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŝŶDŽƌŽĐĐŽĂŶĚŝŶĚĞĞĚĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞŝƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚďĞĐŽŵĞ
a threat to their survival in the foreseeable future.
<ĞLJǁŽƌĚƐ͗ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ĞƚŚŶŽͲŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ĨŽůŬŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶĨƌŝĐĂ͕ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƚƌĂĚĞ͘
DATA
DEFICIENT
DD
NOT
EVALUATED
NE
NEAR
THREATENED
NT
VULNERABLE
VU
ENDANGERED
EN
EXTINCT
IN THE WILD
EW
EXTINCT
EX
CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED
CR
LEAST
CONCERN
LC
Atelerix algirus
EŽƌƚŚĨƌŝĐĂŶ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2015 | 7(5): 7131–7137
Hedgehog trade in Morocco Nijman & Bergin
not face large amounts of threats, and no species is
local level some species are exploited for their meat and
the trade in hedgehogs based on an extensive literature
search.
Atelerix algirus, occurring in the
Paraechinus aethiopicus, occurring in the south. The
for pets, food and medical purposes and to be used in
species should be monitored and more data gathered;
2014 the second author surveyed the markets in 20
visits.
We searched Google Scholar and the Web of Science
(Erinaceus, Hemiechinus, Paraechinus, Mesechinus,
Atelerix
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2015 | 7(5): 7131–7137
Hedgehog trade in Morocco Nijman & Bergin
ϳϭϯϯ
ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ;ĂƚůĞĂƐƚĂƚƚŚĞ
ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJůĞǀĞůͿǁĞƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ;ƚŚƵƐĞdžĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂƌƟĐůĞƐƚŚĂƚ
ŵĞƌĞůLJƐƚĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚ͞ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĂƌĞƚƌĂĚĞĚĂƐďƵƐŚŵĞĂƚ
ŝŶ ĨƌŝĐĂ͟Ϳ͘ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ŽĐĐƵƌ ůĂƌŐĞůLJ ĂůůŽƉĂƚƌŝĐĂůůLJ͘
tŚĞŶĂƐƚƵĚLJĚŝĚŶŽƚƐƉĞĐŝĨLJǁŚĂƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ
ǁĂƐ ƚƌĂĚĞĚ ƚ ŚŝƐ ǁĂƐ ŝŶĨĞƌƌĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůŝƚLJ ; ƚŚƵƐ ŝŶ
^ŽƵƚŚĨƌŝĐĂŽŶůLJ ƚŚĞ ^ŽƵƚŚ ĨƌŝĐĂŶ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐŽĐĐƵƌƐͿ͖
ŝĨ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽƚ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚLJ ǁĂƐ ĞdžĐůƵĚĞĚ͘ tĞ
ƚŽŽŬ ĐĂƌĞ ƚŽ ĐŚĞĐŬ ǁŚĞŶ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ǁĞƌĞŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ͕
ďƵƚ ŶŽ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ǁĂƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌƐ ĚŝĚ ŝŶĚĞĞĚ
ƌĞĨĞƌƚŽ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚƚŽ ƉŽƌĐƵƉŝŶĞƐ͘ &ŝŶĂůůLJ͕ǁĞ
ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJ ĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
use of hedgehogs and historic accounts of their use
;Ğ͘Ő͕͘tĞƐƚĞƌŵĂƌĐŬϭϵϮϲ͖ 'ƵŶĚĂ ϭϵϲϮ͖ >ĞǀϮϬϬϯͿǁĞƌĞ
ůĞƐƐŽĨ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ͘dŚƵƐ ŽŶůLJƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĨŽƌ ǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂ
ǁĂƐ ĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚ ĂŌĞƌ ϭϵϵϱ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ͘ ƐƚƵĚLJ ǁĂƐ
ĚĞĞŵĞĚƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞŝĨƐƵƌǀĞLJĞīŽƌƚĂŶĚͬŽƌŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨ
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŽƌƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƌƚƐǁĞƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞŝƚǁĂƐ
ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ͘
Z^h>d^
dƌĂĚĞŝ ŶD ŽƌŽĐĐ Ž
EŽŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĞƌĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚŝŶƚƌĂĚĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐŽĨ
^ĂůĞŽƌdĞƚŽƵĂŶ;ďŽƚŚƐƵƌǀĞLJĞĚƚǁŝĐĞͿ͕ƐŝůĂŚ͕ĞŶŝŶƐĂƌ͕
ŚĞĨĐŚĂŽƵĞŶ͕ ů :ĂĚŝĚĂ͕ ƐƐĂŽƵŝƌĂ͕ &ŶŝĚĞƋ͕ <ĞŶŝƚƌĂ Žƌ
dĂnjĂ;ĂůůƐƵƌǀĞLJĞĚŽŶĐĞͿ͘ tĞƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚϭϭϰ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ
ĨŽƌƐĂůĞŝŶϮϱƐŚŽƉƐŝŶϭϬĐŝƟĞƐ͕ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ϯϮĂůŝǀĞĂŶĚϴϮƐŬŝŶƐ
;dĂďůĞ ϭͿ͘ >ŝǀĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ǁĞƌĞ Ăůů ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂƐ EŽƌƚŚ
ĨƌŝĐĂŶ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ ;/ŵĂŐĞ ϭͿ ĂŶĚ ǁŚŝůĞ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŵŽƐƚ ůŝŬĞůLJ
ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƐŬŝŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕
dŽǁŶ ŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞƐ
ϮϬϭϯ ϮϬϭϰ dŽƚĂů
^ƵƌǀĞLJƐ ^ŚŽƉƐ >ŝǀĞ ^ŬŝŶƐ ^ƵƌǀĞLJƐ ^ŚŽƉƐ >ŝǀĞ ^ŬŝŶƐ ^ŚŽƉƐ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ
ŐĂĚŝƌ 30.430Eʹϵ͘ϲϬ0W1 1 0 1 0 - - - 1 1
ĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂ ϯϯ͘ϱϬ0Eʹϳ͘ϲϬ0W1 3 ϱ11 2 4 9 34 4 ϱϵ
&Ğnj 34.000Eʹϱ͘ϬϬ0W4 2 0 3 2 3 3 ϱ411
Marrakech ϯϭ͘ϲϬ0N–8.000W3 ϱ3ϲ21110ϱ20
Meknes 33.900Eʹϱ͘ϲϬ0W4 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 2
Ouijda ϯϰ͘ϲϵ0N–1.910W1 2 2 1 0 - - - 2 3
Rabat 34.000Eʹϲ͘ϵϬ0W4 2 0 ϲ21ϱ03 11
^ĂĮ 32.300N–9.200W1 1 0 2 0 - - - 1 2
Tangier ϯϱ͘ϴϬ0Eʹϱ͘ϴϬ0W211021ϱ02 ϲ
Taroudant ϯϬ͘ϱϬ0N–8.900W1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Total 23 19 11 32 13 11 23 ϱϬ Ϯϱ 114
dĂď ů Ğϭ ͘ ,Ğ Ě ŐĞ Ś Ž ŐƐ ĨŽƌ ƐĂů Ğ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƌ ŬĞƚ Ɛ Ž Ĩ ϭϬ D Žƌ Ž ĐĐĂ Ŷ Đŝ Ɵ ĞƐŝŶϮϬϭϯĂŶĚϮϬϭϰ͖ƐŚŽƉƐƌĞĨĞƌƚŽƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐŚŽƉƐŽƌƐƚĂůůƐƐĞůůŝŶŐ
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĂŶĚŶŽƚƚŽƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐŚŽƉƐƐƵƌǀĞLJĞĚ͘>ŝǀĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐǁĞƌĞĂůůŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐEŽƌƚŚĨƌŝĐĂŶ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐAtelerix algirus͖ƐŬŝŶƐ
ĐŽƵůĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĞŝƚŚĞƌƚŚŝƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽƌĞƐĞƌƚ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐParaechinus aethiopicus.
/ŵĂŐĞϭ͘>ŝǀĞEŽƌƚŚĨƌŝĐĂŶ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐAtelerix algirusĨŽƌƐĂůĞĂƚĂ
ŚĞƌďĂůŝƐƚŝŶDĂƌƌĂŬĞĐŚ;:ƵŶĞϮϬϭϯͿ͘
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůLJ ƚŚĞLJ ĐŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĞƐĞƌƚ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ͛Ɛ
;ǁŚĞŶ ŽŶůLJ ƚŚĞ ďĂĐŬ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŬŝŶ ŝƐ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŝĚĞŶƟĨLJŝŶŐ
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐƚŽƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐůĞǀĞůďĞĐŽŵĞƐĚŝĸĐƵůƚͿ͘
ĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂĐůĞĂƌůLJƐƚĂŶĚƐŽƵƚĂƐĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŵĂƌŬĞƚ͕
ǁŝƚŚ ŽŶ ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ ƐŽŵĞ ϮϬ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ
ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ͘ DĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚ͕ ƐƵƌǀĞLJĞĚ ĮǀĞ
ƟŵĞƐ͕ŚĂĚ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĨŽƌƐĂůĞĚƵƌŝŶŐĞĂĐŚƐƵƌǀĞLJ͕ǁŝƚŚ
an average of some four individuals per survey. Other
markets typically had smaller numbers for sale and
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ĞĂĐŚ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞƌLJ
ƐƵƌǀĞLJ͘/ŶZĂďĂƚĂŶĚKƵũĚĂĂďŽƵƚĂƋƵĂƌƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƐŚŽƉƐ
ƐĞůůŝŶŐǁŝůĚůŝĨĞŚĂĚŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĨŽƌƐĂůĞ;ŝ͘Ğ͕͘ϯŽƵƚŽĨϭϮŝŶ
ZĂďĂƚĂŶĚϮŽƵƚŽĨϵ ŝŶZĂďĂƚͿ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐƚŚŝƐǁĂƐĂďŽƵƚ
ŽŶĞŝŶϭϬŝŶ&Ğnj;ϰͬϮϳͿ͕ĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂ;ϰͬϯϭͿĂŶĚDĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚ
;ϱͬϱϬͿ͘
© ĂŶŝĞůĞƌŐŝŶ
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2015 | 7(5): 7131–7137
Hedgehog trade in Morocco Nijman & Bergin
ϳϭϯϰ
dǁŽͲƚŚŝƌĚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŽƉƐ ŽīĞƌĞĚ ƐŝŶŐůĞ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ
ƐŬŝŶƐĂƚĂƟŵĞ͕ďƵƚǁĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚůĂƌŐĞƌŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽŶƚŚƌĞĞ
ŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶƐ;ϴƐŬŝŶƐŝŶƉƌŝůϮϬϭϰŝŶDĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚ͖ϭϬƐŬŝŶƐŝŶ
:ƵŶĞϮϬϭϯĂŶĚϮϴƐŬŝŶƐŝŶƉƌŝůϮϬϭϰ͕ďŽƚŚŝŶĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂͿ
;&ŝŐ͘ϭͿ͘dŚĞƚƌĂĚĞŝŶůŝǀĞŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĂƐůĞƐƐĐůƵƐƚĞƌĞĚ͘
,ĂůĨŽĨ ƚŚĞƐŚŽƉƐŽīĞƌĞĚƐŝŶŐůĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐĨŽƌƐĂůĞĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂůĨƚǁŽĂŶĚƵƉƚŽƐŝdžŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ͘
/Ŷ ŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ăƚ ůĞĂƐƚ ϭϬ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ǁĞƌĞ
ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶ ŽĨ ůŝǀĞ ƚƌĂĚĞ ƌĂŶŐĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ
ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ϮϬй ŝŶ ĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂ ĂŶĚ DĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚ ƚŽ ĂůŵŽƐƚ
ϱϬй ŝŶ ZĂďĂƚ͘ dǁĞŶƚLJͲŽŶĞ ƐŚŽƉƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĐůĂƐƐŝĮĞĚ ĂƐ
herbalists, i.e., shops containing herbs, spices and oils
ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ ĂŶŝŵĂů ƉĂƌƚƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĂƐ ĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶ Žƌ ĨŽƌ
ƐĂůĞ͕ ƚǁŽ ŝŶ KƵĚũĂ ĂŶĚ ^ĂĮ ĂƐ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ
ƐŚŽƉƐ͕ŽŶĞŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐŝŶZĂďĂƚǁĂƐĨŽƌƐĂůĞĨŽƌĨŽŽĚŝŶĂ
vegetable stall, and one in Tangier as a petshop (Image
2). This then suggests that the main purpose of the trade
ŝŶ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉůLJ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŵĂŶĚ ĨŽƌ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů
;͚ĨŽůŬ͛Ϳ ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǀĞŶĚŽƌƐ ŝŶĚĞĞĚ ďĂĐŬĞĚ ƵƉ
ƚŚŝƐĂƐƐĞƌƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞ
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĞƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĞĚĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ
ƚƌĂĚĞĂƉƉĞĂƌƐƚŽďĞĨƵůůLJĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ͘
'ůŽďĂůĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŝŶƚƌĂĚĞ
We located 34 contemporary studies on the
medical use of or trade in 12 or possibly 13 species of
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĨƌŽŵϮϯĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ;dĂďůĞϮͿ͘EŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ŽŶƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĐĂůƵƐĞŽƌƚƌĂĚĞŝŶ^ŽŵĂůŝ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐAtelerix
sclateri Žƌ DĂĚƌĂƐ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ Paraechinus nudiventris,
ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐƐŝďůLJ ƌĂŶĚƚ͛Ɛ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ P. h y p o m e l a s ͕ ǁĂƐ
ĨŽƵŶĚ͘ ^ŝdž ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŽƵƌƐͿ ǁĞƌĞ ƋƵĂŶƟƚĂƟǀĞ
ŝŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ ƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJ ĂŶĚ ĂďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞ
ŽĨŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ͕ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞĂůů ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞŝŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͘
While most reports referred to the trade in hedgehogs
ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůLJĨŽƌ;ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůͿŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͕ŽŶůLJƐŝdž
ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚƚŚĞŝƌƚƌĂĚĞĨŽƌĨŽŽĚ͘
/^h^^/KE
KƵƌ ƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ ƐŚŽǁ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐͶƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJ ƚŚĞ
EŽƌƚŚ ĨƌŝĐĂŶ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƉŽƐƐŝďůLJ ƚŽ Ă ůĞƐƐĞƌ
ĚĞŐƌĞĞ ƚŚĞ ĞƐĞƌƚ ,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐͶĂƌĞ ƚƌĂĚĞĚ ŽƉĞŶůLJ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ DŽƌŽĐĐŽ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ďŽƚŚ ůŝǀĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĂŶĚ
skins present in half of the markets surveyed. Many
ƚƌĂĚĞƌƐŽīĞƌĞĚƐŵĂůůĞƌ ŶƵŵďĞƌƐ ĂƚĂŶLJŐŝǀĞŶ ƟŵĞ͕ ďƵƚ
ƐŽŵĞĚĞĂůƚǁŝƚŚŐƌĞĂƚĞƌŶƵŵďĞƌƐ͘ DŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ŚĂůĨ ƚŚĞ
ŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐǁĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚǁĞƌĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐŽĨĂƐĂďůĂŶĐĂ
ĂŶĚDĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚĂŶĚŝŶĚĞĞĚƚŚĞƐĞƚǁŽĐŝƟĞƐƐƚĂŶĚŽƵƚĂƐ
ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƚƌĂĚĞŝŶDŽƌŽĐĐŽ;ǀĂŶ
>ĂǀŝĞƌĞŶ ϮϬϬϴ͖ DĂƌƟŶ Θ WĞƌƌLJͲDĂƌƟŶ ϮϬϭϮ͖ ĞƌŐŝŶ Θ
EŝũŵĂŶϮϬϭϰ͖EŝũŵĂŶĞƚĂů͘ϮϬϭϱͿ͘
,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŝŶDŽƌŽĐĐŽĂƌĞ ƚƌĂĚĞĚ ůĂƌŐĞůLJƚŽƐƵƉƉůLJ
ƚŚĞĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͕ĂƐƚŚĞLJŝŶĚĞĞĚĂƌĞ
ŝŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞDĞĚŝƚĞƌƌĂŶĞĂŶ͘,ĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚ
as a cure for a variety of illnesses including tuberculosis,
haemorrhoids and scrofula (lymphadenopathy of the
ŶĞĐŬͿŝŶdƵƌŬĞLJ;^ĞnjŝŬĞƚĂů͘ϮϬϬϭ͖njĞƌΘƌŦƐĂŶϮϬϬϲͿ͕ůŽǁ
ƐĞdžĚƌŝǀĞŽƌŝŵƉŽƚĞŶĐĞ͕ĨĞǀĞƌĂŶĚŵĂůĂƌŝĂŝŶƚŚĞ>ĞǀĂŶƚ
;>Ğǀ ϮϬϬϯͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ǀĂŐŝŶĂů ĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚƐ ďLJ ŶŽƌƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶ
/ƚĂůŝĂŶƐ;YƵĂǀĞΘWŝĞƌŽŶŝϮϬϭϯͿ͘&ŽƌDŽƌŽĐĐŽƚŚĞŵŽƐƚ
detailed accounts for the various uses of hedgehogs are
ŐŝǀĞŶďLJtĞƐƚĞƌŵĂƌĐŬ;ϭϵϮϲͿĂŶĚ&ŽŐŐ ;ϭϵϰϭͿ͗/ŶŚĂůŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞƐŵŽŬĞŽĨĂŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐŬŝŶŽƌŝƚƐďƌŝƐƚůĞƐǁŚĞŶďƵƌŶĞĚ
is a remedy for fever, male impotence, and urinary
illnesses, and consuming a hedgehog penis, boiled in
ŽŝůŽƌďƵƩĞƌ͕ĐĂŶĐƵƌĞŵĂůĞ ŝŵƉŽƚĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞ ďůŽŽĚ ŝƐ Ă
ĐƵƌĞĨŽƌ ƌŝŶŐǁŽƌŵ͕ǁĂƌƚƐĂŶĚŚĞĂůƐƚŚĞĐƌĂĐŬĞĚƐŬŝŶŽĨ
/ŵĂŐĞϮ͘,ĞƌďĂůŝƐƚƐƚĂůůŝŶDĂƌƌĂŬĞƐŚ͕ƐĞůůŝŶŐĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨŚĞƌďƐ͕
ƐƉŝĐĞƐ͕ŽŝůƐ͕ƐƚƵīĞĚĂŶŝŵĂůƐĂŶĚĂŶŝŵĂůƉĂƌƚƐ͘
&ŝŐƵƌĞϭ͘EƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨŚĞĚŐĞŚŽŐƐ;ƐŬŝŶƐ͕ŽƉĞŶďĂƌƐ͖ůŝǀĞ͕ĐůŽƐĞĚďĂƌƐͿ
ƐŽůĚŝŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐŚŽƉƐĂŶĚƐƚŽƌĞƐƐŚŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŵŽƐƚƐŚŽƉƐŽīĞƌĞĚ
ƐŝŶŐůĞƐŬŝŶƐĨŽƌƐĂůĞďƵƚĂĨĞǁĞŝŐŚƚŽƌŵŽƌĞ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐůŝǀĞĂŶŝŵĂůƐ
ĂƌĞŵŽƐƚůLJŽīĞƌĞĚĂƐƐŝŶŐůĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐĂŶĚƵƉƚŽƐŝdžĂƚĂƟŵĞ͘
© ĂŶŝĞůĞƌŐŝŶ
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2015 | 7(5): 7131–7137
Hedgehog trade in Morocco Nijman & Bergin
Erinaceus europaeus Spain x
E. roumanicus Romania x
x Pieroni et al. 2014
E. concolor Turkey x
x
E. amurensis x
Guo et al. 1997
x x
Hemiechinus collaris India x
Pakistan x Noureen et al. 2012
x
Paraechinus aethiopicus Israel x
x Yirga et al. 2011
P. micropus India x x
India x
P. hypomelas* Iran x Maghsudi 2007
Mesechinus dauuricus x Stubbe et al. 2008
Mongolia x
M. hughi x x Smith et al. 2008
Atelerix algirus Morocco x x
This study
Morocco x
A. frontalis x
x
x x
A. albiventris Benin x
x
x
Guinea x Ziegler et al. 2002
Mali x
Senegal x
x
Magige 2012
Uganda x Shepherd et al. 2013.
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